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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-eight patients with malignant mesothelioma of the pleura were seen at Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute between 1981 and 1985. In 35 patients presenting with disease confined to one hemithorax, the following treatments were given: radical surgery, 13 patients: radical radiotherapy, 12 patients; palliative radiotherapy, 20 patients; chemotherapy, 9 patients; observation only, 2 patients. Median survival from time of diagnosis for all 38 patients was 9 months, with an estimated 2-year survival rate of 16%. Treatment did not significantly affect survival, although there was an indication that patients having radical surgery did better (median survival 17 months) than those who did not (median survival 9 months) (p = 0.13). Fifteen patients were given radiotherapy with radical intent but only 12 completed treatment (50 Gy). The median survival of the 12 patients completing radiotherapy was 17 months, with an estimated 2-year survival rate of 17%. Two patient deaths were attributable to radical radiotherapy (one radiation hepatitis, one radiation myelopathy). Twenty-one patients received 31 courses of palliative radiotherapy for various symptoms, predominantly pain. The results were assessable for 26 courses, with 17 (65%) being at least partly successful. In conclusion, radiotherapy appears to be ineffective in prolonging survival in malignant mesothelioma of the pleura, but has a useful role in palliation.
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PMID:The treatment of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: review of a 5-year experience, with special reference to radiotherapy. 168 38

Vacuolar degeneration was constantly induced in the CNS of 4-week-old ICR mice by intracerebral or intranasal inoculation of JHM-CC virus, a small plaque mutant of mouse hepatitis virus (JHM). Most animals showed no symptoms or only mild hindlimb paresis. Irrespective of clinical manifestations, the virus was isolated from the CNS up to days 14 to 16. Viral antigen expression in the CNS tissue was most extensive around days 5 to 7 and became undetectable on day 14. Viral antigens were localized almost exclusively to neurons, and the temporal sequence of viral antigen distribution after intranasal inoculation clearly indicated the virus spread through the olfactory and limbic systems into the brainstem and spinal cord, and possible cell-to cell transmission of the virus within the CNS. Vacuolar changes, most conspicuous in the brainstem and spinal cord, were steadily progressive up to 4 weeks after infection, but became indistinct by 4 months. Although the distribution of vacuolar lesions largely agreed with that of viral antigen-positive cells, the severity of vacuolation did not correlate with that of inflammation. Intramyelinic splitting, periaxonal edema, and swollen neurites were major ultrastructural substrates for vacuolar changes. This model could provide a better understanding of new types of neurologic disorders associated with viral infections, including vacuolar myelopathy in AIDS.
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PMID:Vacuolar degeneration in mice infected with a coronavirus JHM-CC strain. 216 Oct 91

Long-term morbidity was evaluated in 357 patients with testicular cancer who were treated by infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy between 1970 and 1982. Myelopathy developed in four patients, radiation osteomyelitis in one, and radiation hepatitis in another after treatment. Posttreatment gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded in the medical records of 4% of patients but were mentioned by 41% of 199 who answered a questionnaire. The moderate gastrointestinal problems were recorded by 17% of the patients compared with 6% in a control group of healthy men. Postirradiation peptic ulcer occurred in 9%. A dose relationship existed, the risk of posttreatment gastrointestinal problems being less when the midplane dose was less than 40 Gy. Forty-one of 63 men who wished to do so fathered at least one child after their radiotherapy. The overall posttreatment quality of life was comparable to that of the control group. The authors conclude that the risk of major posttreatment morbidity is minimal for testicular cancer patients who undergo infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy after orchiectomy. Slight gastrointestinal symptoms are relatively common without major impact on quality of life. Gonadal toxicity is not a significant complication. Infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy is a safe, routine adjuvant treatment of seminoma in orchiectomized patients with Stage I seminoma. The midplane dose should not exceed 36 Gy in these patients.
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PMID:Long-term morbidity after infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy in young men with testicular cancer. 273 86

We present here thirteen patients (5 men and 8 women, aged 31 to 73, mean 55 years) with spastic paraparesis who showed clinical features similar to those of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy without HTLV-1 antibody, but with positive antibody to hepatitis B virus (HBV). All of these patients showed slowly progressive difficulty in walking. Five patients had previous histories of blood transfusion, of these one with history of B hepatitis. Neurologically, muscle weakness, spasticity and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities were common to all the patients. Seven patients showed Babinski's reflex. Disturbance of micturition was noted in 3 patients. None showed organic changes of the spine on magnetic resonance image (MRI). None was serologically positive for syphilis and had cryoglobulin and hypergammaglobulinemia. Elevated levels of the liver enzymes were noted in two patients. All patients were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs-Ab) (EIA) but negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) (EIA). Five patients were seropositive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) (PHA). In 3 of them, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed but failed to detect HCV-RNA. All patients underwent spinal tap, and showed normal cell count and protein concentration in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Atypical cells were not observed in all the patients. The CSFs from three patients were tested for HBs-Ag and HBs-Ab. HBs-Ag was negative in all three patients, but HBs-Ab was positive in two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hepatitis B virus antibody positive spastic paraparesis]. 795 26

Carbamazepine is a drug commonly used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. It is an iminostilbene derivative that is extensively metabolized by the liver. We describe a 66-year-old man with dysesthetic pain from cervical myelopathy who developed cholestatic hepatitis, skin rash, and eosinophilia after carbamazepine was administered for 5 weeks (total dose of 18.9gm). Withdrawal of carbamazepine led to complete resolution of both clinical and biochemical abnormalities within 3 weeks. Clinicians should be alert to this rare complication because it can be confused clinically with biliary tract sepsis and viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Carbamazepine-induced hepatitis in a patient with cervical myelopathy. 860 Aug 77

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been reported to be associated with viral hepatitis. However, this association may be related to other confounding factors, such as intravenous drug abuse or blood transfusions. Screening for viral hepatitis associated risk factors and serum serologies, including HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV testing, were performed in 78 randomly selected SCI patients and 93 non-alcoholic patients attending a general medical clinic. Hepatitis B and C seropositivies in SCI patients were 29.5 percent and 14.1 percent, respectively, and were significantly associated with a history of intravenous drug abuse. In contrast, hepatitis B and C seropositivities in non-alcoholic general medicine clinic patients were 22.6 percent and 2.2 percent, respectively. In the subgroup of patients without known viral hepatitis risk factors, there were no significant differences between SCI and non-alcoholic patients with respect to hepatitis B (21.4 percent vs. 22.1 percent) or hepatitis C (0 percent vs. 1.3 percent) seropositivity. Stepwise logistic regression also failed to detect an association of SCI with viral hepatitis. In conclusion, the increased seroprevalence of hepatitis C in SCI patients is secondary to intravenous drug use and blood transfusions. Further preventive measures such as improved hepatitis screening of blood donors and substance abuse treatment should decrease viral hepatitis exposure in SCI patients.
J Spinal Cord Med 1998 Jan
PMID:Viral hepatitis in patients with spinal cord injury is explained by known risk factors. 954 84

We report a case of relapsing multifocal neurological disease associated with CNS echovirus 6 infection in an HIV-1-infected individual with no evidence of immunoglobulin deficiency. The illness was initially characterized by optic and cranial neuropathies and myelopathy; concurrent granulomatous hepatitis suggested disseminated viral infection. Treatment with combination nucleoside analogues led to partial remission, but a demyelinating polyneuropathy subsequently developed. There was improvement and sustained remission in the polyneuropathy following treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Neurotropic enterovirus infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain HIV-associated neurological syndromes.
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PMID:Enterovirus associated neurological disease in an HIV-1 infected man. 983 55

We reported a 60-year-old female patient with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) accompanied by primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The diagnosis of PBC and AIH was confirmed by liver biopsy. HAM is considered to be mediated by cellular immune mechanisms, while humoral immune mechanisms may play a predominant role in the development of PBC and AIH. Flowcytometric analysis of lymphocyte subset of peripheral blood was within normal limits. We then collected CD4 positive cells from the patient. These cells expressed T helper 2 (Th 2) cytokine mRNA such as IL-4 and IL-10, but did not express Th 1 cytokines, indicating the predominance of Th 2 in this patient. This case suggested the possibility that disease associated Th 2 might develop in the course of Th1-mediated disease like HAM.
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PMID:[A case with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) accompanied by primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)]. 1068 35

We report a 49-year-old man who was an HTLV-I carrier with an immunodeficiency state and intracranial pyramidal tract lesion revealed by MRI. He was born in Hokkaido and was admitted to our hospital because of fluminant hepatitis. On admission, neurologic examination revealed exaggerated deep tendon reflexes including the jaw jerk; the plantar response was flexor. Laboratory examination revealed decrease in the number of lymphocytes and CD4-positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and CD4/CD8 ratio was consistently low, indicating the presence of cellular immunodeficiency state. Serum anti-HTLV-I antibody was markedly increased but he did not have HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM). He had no underlying disease which would cause immunodeficiency state such as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or HIV infection. We concluded that the HTLV-I carrier state induced his immunodeficiency. During the course, he developed retrobulbar neuritis. T2 weighted cranial MRI revealed high signal lesions in the bilateral corona radiata, posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the pontine base, corresponding to the location of the pyramidal tracts. His hospital course was complicated by opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infections, and meningitis, and died of multiple organ failure 7 months after the admission. Cellular immunodeficiencies in ATL patients are well known. Intracranial central nervous system (CNS) lesions in HAM patients are also mentioned. Recently coincidence of ATL and HAM in the same patients has also been reported. Asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers may have a latent immunodeficiency state and/or CNS lesions. We shall have to be alert about the presence of such carriers.
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PMID:[A patient with marked immunodeficiency in an HTLV-I carrier: a case report]. 1083 33

Here a young patient (< 21 years of age) with a history of infective dermatitis is described. The patient was diagnosed with myelopathy associated with HTLV-1/tropical spastic paraparesis and treated with interferon beta-1a. The disease was clinically established as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and laboratory tests confirmed the presence of antibodies to HTLV-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Mumps, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, schistosomiasis, herpes virus 1 and 2, rubella, measles, varicella-zoster toxoplasmosis, hepatitis, HIV, and syphilis were excluded by serology. The patient was diagnosed with neurogenic bladder and presented with nocturia, urinary urgency, paresthesia of the lower left limb, a marked reduction of muscle strength in the lower limbs, and a slight reduction in upper limb strength. During the fourth week of treatment with interferon beta-1a, urinary urgency and paresthesia disappeared and clinical motor skills improved.
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PMID:Interferon beta-1a treatment in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: a case report. 2522 27


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