Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The autopsy records of 115 children with severe protein-energy malnutrition were reviewed. Sections of the lung histology showed evidence of bacterial pneumonia in 49% of cases. An additional 18% showed bronchitis, bronchiolitis or interstitial pneumonitis. Aspiration of gastric contents was evident in 10% of cases; 6% showed pulmonary oedema and congestion. In the remaining cases, no lung pathology was identified (17%). In 8 cases, rapid autopsy examination permitted fixation of lung tissue for electron microscopy. These included 4 cases of bronchopneumonia, one of which was associated with viral pneumonia. Another interstitial pneumonitis, probably of viral aetiology, was also studied. Both these virus-associated cases showed loss of type I pneumocytes and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes. Another patient with herpes simplex hepatitis showed necrotic emboli in pulmonary capillaries with virions, as well as colonies of interstitial bacteria. One patient with acute pulmonary oedema displayed severe endothelial cell swelling on electron microscopy. In one case, there was no evidence of respiratory changes, apart from desquamation of type I pneumocytes. Useful information can be obtained on the fine structure of the lung, using samples taken soon after death.
West Indian Med J 1994 Jun
PMID:Pathology of the lungs in childhood malnutrition in Jamaica. Light and electron microscopy. 794 98

We report a young West Indian man who presented with non-specific constitutional symptoms and widespread subcutaneous nodules which were non-diagnostic on histology. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made on the basis of progressive bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, interstitial pulmonary infiltration, a raised serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme level and a granulomatous hepatitis. All symptoms and signs improved dramatically on corticosteroid therapy.
 ...
PMID:Sarcoidosis presenting as multiple subcutaneous nodules. 795 85

One thousand, five hundred and thirty-seven health staff, presenting for hepatitis B vaccination in Jamaica, were surveyed in 1990/91 for hepatitis B markers and/or exposure to blood or hepatitis. Antibodies to either hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis B core (HBc) were found in 19.8% of 817 persons tested. Males were more likely to have antibodies to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) than females (29% compared with 18%, Odds Ratio 1.6; 95% CI 0.98-2.9). HBsAg was found in 5.3% of 562 persons tested compared with 1% of blood donors. One or more needlestick accidents were reported by 60% of the sample, and blood or liquor splashing on the face was reported by 48%. Jaundice and hepatitis were reported by 1.2% and 3.5% of health staff, respectively. HBsAg carrier status was associated with years of service (p = 0.039). Prevalence of antibodies to HBV increased with age (p = 0.004) and years of service (p = 0.028). The effect of age and years of service appears to be largely independent (r = 0.44). This survey reaffirms the importance of health workers being immunized with hepatitis B vaccine, and adhering rigorously to universal precautions in patient care and laboratory practice.
West Indian Med J 1994 Mar
PMID:A survey of hepatitis B among health workers in Jamaica. 803 12

Isoniazid chemoprophylaxis has long been known to be a highly effective means of preventing silent tuberculous infections from spreading to active disease. There has been much controversy, however, about the risk it carries for fatal hepatotoxicity. In this article I review the rate of fatal isoniazid-induced hepatitis during chemoprophylaxis that is done according to current monitoring guidelines. Information was obtained from a MEDLINE literature search and a survey of tuberculosis control officers in large metropolitan areas throughout the country. Data were included of patients who were monitored according to the American Thoracic Society's guidelines or who were treated after 1983 when the guidelines were published. The pooled results of the published studies showed no hepatotoxic deaths in 20,212 patients in whom prophylaxis was started. The unpublished data showed 2 deaths in 182,285 patients, for a combined rate of 0.001% (2 of 202,497). The death rate for those older than 35 years was estimated to be 0.002% (1 of 43,334). This rate is significantly lower than was previously estimated and should be used to reevaluate the benefit of preventive therapy for tuberculin-reactive patients older than 35. The risk of fatal isoniazid-induced hepatitis is negligible for all ages when patients are routinely monitored for liver toxicity.
West J Med 1993 Nov
PMID:Fatal isoniazid-induced hepatitis. Its risk during chemoprophylaxis. 827 52

Experimental investigations on the spectrum and degree of the expression of trental antiviral activity were carried out. The investigations were done in cell cultures and laboratory animals using laboratory strains (including drug-resistant ones) of 13 viruses, causative agents of human and animal infections. The drug demonstrated its activity against 8 viruses of 7 families. It was highly active against 5 viruses: herpes simplex virus (including its acyclovir-resistant strain), vaccinia virus (including its methisazone-resistant strain), rotavirus and tick-borne encephalitis virus. As regards other viruses, its activity was less pronounced (hepatitis JA virus) or low (vesicular stomatitis virus, West Nile virus). It was concluded that, being a cardiovascular drug, trental was an effective broad spectrum virus inhibitor.
 ...
PMID:[New properties of trental as an inhibitor of viral activity with a wide range of activity]. 828 24

Screening for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and ALAT levels is now performed on donated blood to prevent post-transfusion hepatitis. A prospective study of 2,368 blood donors was performed in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) to determine risk factors associated with serologic abnormalities: 571 donations (24%) were positive for at least 1 of the 4 analyzed markers with 3.2% positive for HBsAg, 22% for anti-HBc, 0.8% for anti-HCV and 1.4% with ALAT > or = 45 IU/L. The anti-HCV prevalence was significantly different according to ALAT levels (P < 10(-4)). Transfusion history and work status (worker or serviceman) were found to be risk factors, with an odds ratio of 1.94 for serviceman population. Other unexpected risk factors were: number of years residency in Guadeloupe (progressively increased risk with the number of years), birthplace and residence in southern part of the island as well as the existence of gastrointestinal discomfort unrelated to viral hepatitis (odds ratio = 2.91). The results of this study show a unique epidemiologic situation for hepatitis B virus in Guadeloupe necessitating careful selection of blood donors.
 ...
PMID:A unique seroepidemiologic situation for hepatitis B markers in Guadeloupe. Results of a prospective study in blood donors. 833 Jun 94

The possibility that an agent in addition to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 may be involved in the etiology of Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients was investigated between 1984 and 1992 in this nested case-control analysis from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) of homosexual and bisexual men. A total of 316 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were identified and compared with 510 participants with AIDS and no evidence of cancer. More of the Kaposi's sarcoma cases were from Los Angeles and used a higher number of recreational drugs. The Kaposi's sarcoma cases were also more active sexually. There was a dose-response relation between Kaposi's sarcoma and the number of sexual partners, with an odds ratio of 2 between the most and least sexually active subgroups. The odds ratio for Kaposi's sarcoma increased to 4.18 (95% confidence interval 1.29-14.1) in the presence of a history of five infections. Hepatitis and gonorrhea contributed the most to this relation. The various observed odds ratios did not change after multivariate adjustment for the other risk factors. A model was developed combining all predictive associations into a composite risk score ranging from one to 12 and based on history of infections, sexual activity, use of poppers/nitrites, and having had sexual partners from the West Coast of the United States. The subgroup with the highest scores, compared to the subgroup with the lowest score, had an odds ratio of 8.93 (95% confidence interval 3.21-30.44) for Kaposi's sarcoma. A longitudinal proportional hazards analysis among all 2,190 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seroprevalent men at study entry, based on this risk score and CD4 cells at baseline, confirmed these findings. Identifying these specific subgroups that are at high and low risk for Kaposi's sarcoma will help future investigations to be more focused in their search for an additional etiologic factor for Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Composite risk score for Kaposi's sarcoma based on a case-control and longitudinal study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) population. 835 66

The purpose of this study was to establish the incidence of carcinomas in children, changes in incidence over a 30-year period, and to identify features of possible aetiological significance. A total of 173 cases were identified, but after review of the histopathology, 30 patients were excluded because they were considered to have benign epithelial tumours or malignant tumours of nonepithelial origin. Seven other cases were excluded because pathology material was not available. Overall, in 28% of cases, the diagnoses were changed by pathology review. Thus, 136 children in the West Midlands Region diagnosed 1957-1986 were included, with carcinoid tumours (44) and tumours of skin (22), nasopharynx (14), salivary gland (13), adrenal cortex (13), thyroid (9), large bowel (5), other (16). Excluding carcinoids, the age-standardised incidence rate was 2.4 x 10(6) per year. Male:female ratio was 0.7:1 and 66% were aged > 10 years. Incidence increased from 1.5 to 3.3 x 10(6) per year. Genetic factors predisposing to carcinoma included tyrosinosis, MEN II and III, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and basal cell naevus syndrome. There was a case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome and several other patients had relevant family histories. Probable "environmental" causes included antenatal exposure to stilboestrol or hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate, stilboestrol given for premature menarche, neonatal hepatitis and prior radiotherapy. The aetiology of carcinomas in children is multifactorial, both genetic and environmental factors being important. The incidence is increasing.
 ...
PMID:Malignant epithelial tumours in children: incidence and aetiology. 851 22

Testing is now available for five recognised hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D and E), and molecular technology is uncovering further hepatotropic viruses. An enteric agent isolated from human stool samples and transmitted experimentally to primates is a candidate hepatitis F virus. A provisionally designated blood-borne hepatitis G virus is associated with acute and chronic non-ABCDE hepatitis and has a worldwide distribution. A group of flavi-like viruses, the GB group, also blood borne, has also been reported. The role of two of these viruses, GBV-A and GBV-B, in human viral hepatitis has not been determined, but a third agent, GBV-C, is associated with acute and chronic hepatitis and appears to be a West African variant of hepatitis G. Our current knowledge suggests that the hepatitis alphabet may need to be extended even after inclusion of some of these new viruses.
 ...
PMID:New hepatitis viruses: are there enough letters in the alphabet? 856 79

Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a free-ranging wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) from West Virginia (USA) in June 1993. Gross findings included emaciation, splenomegaly, multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis, and crusting dermatitis on the head and neck. Histologically, multifocal necrosis with mononuclear inflammation was present in kidney, liver, spleen, heart, lungs, and pancreas. Toxoplasma gondii was confirmed in sections of liver by avidin-biotin immunohistochemical analysis. Subsequently, a retrospective serosurvey of wild turkeys for T. gondii antibodies was conducted using turkey sera collected between 1984 and 1989. An antibody prevalence of 10% was detected in 130 birds from 21 locations in the southeastern United States. While wild turkeys in the Southeast have T. gondii antibodies, this is only the second natural case of fatal toxoplasmosis reported; it appears that wild turkeys infrequently develop clinical disease when infected with T. gondii.
 ...
PMID:Toxoplasmosis in wild turkeys: a case report and serologic survey. 858 48


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>