Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the past 25 years animal retroviruses have been favoured subjects of research by virologists, oncologists, and molecular biologists. Retroviruses have given us reverse transcriptase, oncogenes, and cloning vectors that may one day be exploited for human gene therapy. They have also given us leukaemia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Kawasaki disease and tropical spastic paraparesis are thought to be associated with retrovirus infection, and other diseases such as de Quervain's thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, and certain forms of non-A, non-B hepatitis have come under passing suspicion of a retroviral aetiology. With AIDS threatening to become pandemic, and a second AIDS virus appearing in West Africa, human retroviruses are under intensive study for new antiviral drugs targeted to their unique mode of replication, and for the development of vaccines.
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PMID:Retroviruses and human disease. 288 52

19 arboviruses pathogenic for human are present in the Central African Republic (CAR) where serologic data indicate an active circulation in human population. In most cases the clinical picture of infection is mild. However 3 arbovirus were recently involved in fatal cases: in 1983 West-Nile virus has been isolated in 4 patients with hepatitis. 2 fatal cases of Yellow Fever occurred in 1985 and 1986, and from 1983 to 1986 Rift Valley Fever virus was isolated in patients who died from hemorrhagic fever. This new situation requires to carry on an epidemiological survey and studies on virus pathogenicity.
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PMID:[Current problems of arboviruses in central Africa]. 318 Mar 24

alpha(1)-Protease inhibitor (alpha(1)-Pi) deficiency is associated with emphysema, neonatal hepatitis and cirrhosis. The deficiency associated with emphysema has multiple alleles. Cigarette smoke may influence the onset of emphysema in a twofold manner: by overwhelming the concentration of alpha(1)-Pi by increasing elastase release, and by inactivating the alpha(1)-Pi active site through oxidation. alpha(1)-Pi-associated hepatic disease occurs primarily in children with the allele PiZZ, most of whom are asymptomatic although in a small percentage severe obstructive jaundice and fatal junvenile cirrhosis develop. Pharmacologic intervention and alpha(1)-Pi replacement therapy are being tested against alpha(1)-Pi-associated emphysema.
West J Med 1987 Jul
PMID:Association of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency with lung and liver diseases. 332 8

Two West Indian parents and three of their seven offspring presented over a 12-yr period with identical systemic illnesses characterized by the development of granulomatous hepatitis. Granulomata were variably also found in muscle, lymph nodes, and pleura in some of these affected individuals. The usual causes of granulomatous hepatitis were absent, and this familial disease represents a hitherto undescribed entity.
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PMID:Familial granulomatous hepatitis: a hitherto unrecognized entity. 333 59

In assessing the prevalence of hepatitis delta (delta) virus (HDV) infection in 358 patients with acute hepatitis B seen in Los Angeles between 1983 and 1985 and in 196 patients with chronic hepatitis B followed between 1980 and 1985, we found that 23% of patients with chronic and 5% of patients with acute hepatitis B were infected with HDV. Among patients with chronic hepatitis B, the prevalence of HDV infection was 73% in intravenous drug users and 14% in homosexual men. Acute coinfection with the hepatitis B virus was also more frequent in drug users (8%) than in other groups. delta-Hepatitis is a common infection in hepatitis B virus carriers in Los Angeles, particularly in drug addicts, but also in homosexual men who do not abuse drugs intravenously.
West J Med 1988 Mar
PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis delta (delta) virus infection. A seroepidemiologic study. 336 63

In 1986, the prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and other serological markers of infection with hepatitis B virus in the Western Australian adult Aboriginal population, were estimated using a stratified random sample of 1,150 subjects. When the estimates were standardised to the age and sex distribution of the total population of aborigines aged 12 years or over, the prevalence of HBsAg was 7% (95% confidence interval 6-9%). The prevalence of any marker, that is HBsAg and/or hepatitis surface antibody (anti-HBs), was 49% (44-54%). The follow-up blood specimens obtained from three-fifths of the antigenemic subjects indicated that 96% (88-99%) were hepatitis B carriers. Male subjects had twice the prevalence of HBsAg (10%; 7-13%) when compared with females (4%; 3-6%). However, there was only a modest elevation of the prevalence of any marker in men (53%) compared with women (46%). There was evidence that the prevalence of HBsAg increased with age, but this was not the case with any marker. Geographically, there was substantial variation in hepatitis B infection rates. The Eastern Goldfields region had the highest prevalence (HBsAg 12%; any marker 66%), followed by the Kimberley, Pilbara and Central regions (HBsAg 7-9%; any marker 56-59%). The lowest rates were evident in Perth and the South West (HBsAg 3-5%; any marker 23-25%). The highest prevalence of markers in any discrete community was observed in the desert people of Warburton (HBsAg 22%; any marker 85%). These data indicate that, according to World Health Organisation criteria, the aboriginal population of Western Australia has an intermediate to high risk of infection with hepatitis B.
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PMID:Occurrence and distribution of hepatitis B infection in the aboriginal population of Western Australia. 344 64

Histologic, histochemical and atomic absorption studies on liver tissue from 71 West Highland white terriers are reported. Twenty-seven dogs had histologically normal liver and copper concentration comparable to mongrel control dogs. Forty-four dogs had hepatic copper concentrations up to 22 times the mean copper concentration found in clinically normal mongrel dogs. Hepatitis, hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis were associated with the increased copper concentration in some dogs. Matings between dogs with high liver copper concentration produced pups with high liver concentration. The copper storage defect is inherited.
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PMID:Hereditary copper toxicosis in West Highland white terriers. 396 81

Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome is a serious manifestation of dengue fever, which is observed predominantly in the tropical regions of the West Pacific and in Southeast Asia and is associated with secondary infections, mainly in children under age 15. A concomitant microangiopathic coagulopathy has been described; moreover, encephalopathy and even Reye's syndrome have been rarely reported. This report describes a 51-year-old man with secondary dengue infection who presented with clinical evidence of severe hepatitis, encephalopathy, cranial nerve palsy, and microangiopathic coagulopathy and who had a favorable outcome. A careful surveillance for the occurrence of secondary dengue in the Western Hemisphere is proposed, and dengue is suggested as a diagnostic possibility in obscure febrile illnesses presenting as either hepatitis, encephalopathy, or coagulopathy in places in which the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, is present.
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PMID:Dengue and hepatic failure. 406 82

Viral hepatitis in young adults in Accra, Ghana, is associated with Australia antigen (H.A.A.). Sera from 85 patients in hospital with viral hepatitis were available for determinations of H.A.A. Of the 16 patients whose serum was obtained within the first week of symptoms, 15 were positive. The only factor related to finding H.A.A. was the time between onset of symptoms and the collection of the serum sample. Persistence of H.A.A. was associated with persistence of jaundice in men but not in women. Previous epidemiological studies in Accra found no evidence for parenteral transmission of viral hepatitis and showed a shanty-town predilection pointing to faecal-oral transmission. It thus seems that H.A.A.-associated hepatitis is transmitted in West Africa either faecal-orally or by shanty-town associated arthropods. The finding that H.A.A. hepatitis is the usual hepatitis in young adults in Accra is in accord with the high prevalence of H.A.A. elsewhere in the general population in Africa and may be related to the high rate of cirrhosis and hepatoma in Africa.
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PMID:Australia antigen and hepatitis in Accra, Ghana. 433 Sep 10

Acute and convalescent sera from 368 patients drawn from a 3-year survey of viral hepatitis in West London were tested for radioimmunoassay for evidence of recent infection with hepatitis A or B and, if neither was found, antibody to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus and cytomegalovirus. In 215 patients (58%) there was evidence of hepatitis A, in 98 (27%) hepatitis B, and in 5 both A and B. 2 patients with evidence of recent EB virus infection were excluded, leaving 48 (13%) attributed to non-A, non-B hepatitis. This illness was milder than hepatitis B as judged by duration of jaundice and peak serum bilirubin alanine-aminotransferase levels. The ratio of men to women was 1.4 to 1, but there was an excess of women in their twenties, most of whom were single. Only one had received blood, and none was a drug addict.
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PMID:Non-A, non-B hepatitis in West London. 611 94


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