Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mounting problems of drug addiction now also confront the obstetrician and pediatrician. 1/3 of the 60,000 addicts to opiates in the Federal Republic of Germany are women. Of these 80% are in the reproductive age group. Despite endocrine problems pregnancies do occur and are high risk pregnancies because of hepatitis, venereal disease, malnutrition, phlebitis, abscesses, premature deliveries, premature rupture of the membranes, malpresentations, dysmaturity, pre-eclampsia, and numerous other social and psychological problems. Because of the varying content of heroin on the black market the fetus runs the risk of acute overdose or withdrawal. Withdrawal results in extremely marked fetal movements, with increased oxygen consumption and a danger of intra-uterine asphyxia sometimes resulting in intra-uterine fetal death. Most newborns develop a withdrawal syndrome with irritability, high pitched cries, shivering, tachycardia, perspirations, fever and generalized seizures. The experience of the Department for Women for the Free University in Berlin-Charlottenburg are presented and compared to a review of the literature. The medical, social, and psychological aspects of the problem are discussed.
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PMID:[Pregnancy, labour, and puerperium in heroin addicted women, with reference to experience and the present state of knowledge (author's transl)]. 692 Nov 11

In the present survey 3 groups of patients were studied: 95 homosexual males, 117 heterosexual males and 68 females attending clinics for venereal diseases in Copenhagen. 10 cases of hepatitis B infection were found, all in homosexual males. Chronic carriership of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and presence of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) was demonstrated in 8 and 5 cases, respectively and liver biopsy showed chronic liver disease in 5 out of the 8 former. The prevalence rate of hepatitis B antibody was significantly higher in all patient groups than in the general population in the area. Two patients had non-B hepatitis, 1 homosexual male and 1 female, but the prevalence rate of hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) was not increased in the venereal clinic population. The serological tests identified certain high risk groups regarding hepatitis B infection: (1) homosexual males > 25 years with anti-HAV and a high promiscuity; and (2) heterosexual males and females > 25 years with a past history of venereal disease and clinical hepatitis. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that sexual transmission plays an important role in the spread of hepatitis B infection. It is recommended that routine serological tests for hepatitis be taken in the high risk groups of venereal clinic populations.
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PMID:Viral hepatitis in a venereal clinic population. Relation to certain risk factors. 700 57

We studied 33 episodes of acute viral hepatitis in homosexual men to determine the type of hepatitis seen in this population. Seventy percent were caused by type A hepatitis, and 30% by type B hepatitis. None were due to non-A, non-B hepatitis. A high proportion of patients presenting with either type of acute hepatitis had evidence of previous infection with the other type: Seventy percent of patients with type B hepatitis had previous infection with type A, and 74% of patients with type A hepatitis had previous infection with type B. This study shows that, in homosexual men, hepatitis A, like hepatitis B, is a sexually transmitted disease.
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PMID:Viral hepatitis in homosexual men. 725 Jun 41

Pregnant heroin addicts tend to be younger than nonaddicted pregnant patients, unmarried or separated from spouses, and a disproportionately large number are members of minority ethnic groups. Heroin addiction during pregnancy is associated with several significant medical and obstetrical complications and may result in both acute and chronic abnormalities in neonates. Malnutrition, venereal disease, hepatitis, pulmonary complications, preeclampsia and third-trimester bleeding are the most common maternal complications, while fetal death, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity and withdrawal symptoms affect the fetus and neonate. There is controversy about treating addicts with methadone during pregnancy. The findings of studies in animals suggest that there may be a long-lasting drug-induced syndrome, characterized by growth retardation, delayed motor development and behavior abnormalities in offspring of heroin-addicted or methadone-treated mothers.
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PMID:Heroin addiction and pregnancy. 725 65

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has an etiological role in post-transfusional Non-A Non-B Hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma. Studies have revealed an high prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in hemophiliacs, IV drug users, and other groups at risk for parenterally transmitted infections. The authors report findings from their investigation into the sexual transmission of HCV. The prevalences of antibodies to HCV, the hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen, and to Treponema pallidum were assessed among groups of individuals at high and low risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The population at low risk for STDs was comprised of 2494 volunteer blood donors at the Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) over the period July-November 1990. The population at high risk for STDs was comprised of 187 adults consecutively enrolled between September 1990 and January 1991 in a cohort study of the natural history of HIV infection. Sera were screened with a first generation HCV ELISA test, with repeat reactive samples further analyzed using a second generation recombinant immunoblot confirmatory test (RIBA-2). Data on the presence of antibodies to HBc, VRDL, and HIV were abstracted from the Blood Bank records. Antibody testing against Treponema pallidum was conducted among HCV-ELISA positive blood donors and their controls using FTA-ABs. 2.08% of blood donors were infected with HCV, 7.96% of the HIV-infected homosexuals, and 8.02% of the whole group with sexually acquired HIV infection. Anti-HBc antibodies were more frequently present in anti-HCV RIBA-2 confirmed positive blood donors than in controls. 33.3% of the HCV-positive blood donors and 11.04% of controls were found to be anti-HBc positive. 17.6% of HCV-positive donors and 4.9% of controls yielded positive FTA-ABs results. 5.9% of samples from blood donors were both anti-HBc and FTA-ABs positive, while none of the controls reacted in both tests. The association between HCV, hepatitis B infection, and syphilis in individuals at low risk for parenterally transmitted diseases suggests that sexual transmission contributes to the maintenance of the endemicity of HCV in the local population.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in populations at low and high risk for sexually transmitted diseases in Rio de Janeiro. 750 22

This paper reports the epidemiology of hospital-diagnosed acute viral hepatitis in U.S. Air Force personnel from 1980-89. First hospitalizations for viral hepatitis generally declined, ranging from 24.6 to 47.2 per 100,000 personnel. Hepatitis rates were higher among men, (RR = 1.3; 95% C.I., 1.1-1.5) and higher among blacks, compared to whites (RR = 1.4; 95% C.I., 1.3-1.6). Analysis of risk associated with various occupations demonstrated an increased risk of viral hepatitis for procedurally oriented medical personnel (physicians, clinical nurses, dentists) when compared to all other occupations (RR = 1.5; 95% C.I., 1.1-1.9). Pilots and navigators demonstrated a decreased risk of acute viral hepatitis. Members hospitalized for hepatitis B had a prior or concurrent diagnosis for sexually transmitted disease in 37% of cases; for drug abuse, 32% of cases. Serum samples from 332 individuals demonstrated that hepatitis A had the highest rate of agreement (84%) between serology and hospital discharge diagnosis. Only 3% of individuals with the diagnosis of NANB hepatitis were positive for hepatitis C.
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PMID:Viral hepatitis in the U.S. Air Force, 1980-89: an epidemiological and serological study. 801 82

In order to manage the increased workload resulting from post vaccination hepatitis antibody testing of health care workers, the anti-hepatitis B ELISA assay ETI-AB-AUK (Sorin Biomedica), adapted for quantification using standards available as an addition to the qualitative kit assay (ABAU-STD-SET, (Sorin Biomedica)) and a sample pre-dilution step, was compared with a fully automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay IMX AUSAB (Abbott Laboratories), and a semi-automated enhanced luminescence system (Amerlite Amersham, now Kodak). Seventy-eight samples were concurrently tested and analysed statistically using a Regression Coefficient computer package (Apple Mackintosh Cricket). Good quantitative agreement was observed with ELISA vs IMX giving a linear correlation coefficient (r = 0.96). The linear correlation coefficient for ELISA vs Amerlite was r = 0.77. This study validates the use of the automated IMX system and allows the comparison of IMX results with previous 'semi-quantitative' ELISA results when longitudinally assessing patients response to a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
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PMID:Comparison of an ELISA system for the quantification of hepatitis B antibody with an automated and a semi-automated system. 827 Jun 56

We sought to ascertain the reasons why virgins might attend sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. The medical records of 31 patients (18 males and 13 females) attending a major public STD clinic and who declared no lifetime sexual partners were examined. Nine subjects were concerned about genital anatomical variation while 3 had non-STD genital pathology (urinary tract infection, non-specific genital dermatosis, vaginismus). Six attended for human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing and 3 for hepatitis-related reasons. Of 6 children, 5 were screened for congenital syphilis and the other had genital warts. Three older patients (aged 34-38) presented with genital symptoms as part of a previously diagnosed psychosis. One prostitute who attended for a 'certificate' had never had penetrative sex. Most attendances in this study were appropriate and reflect the increasing recognition of STD clinics as appropriate centres for a wide range of non-STD genital and sexual problems.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Why virgins attend sexually transmitted disease clinics. 839 5

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among individuals at high risk of transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and to evaluate whether they have an increased risk of exposure to HEV. Serum samples from 125 thalassemia patients, 300 intravenous drug users, 420 hemodialysis patients, 263 individuals with STDs, 47 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected homosexual men, and 316 healthy volunteers were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies to HEV (anti-HEV) by enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) following a predetermined algorithm (Abbott Labs). Anti-HEV IgG was confirmed in 3/125 (2.4%) thalassemia patients, 5/300 (1.7%) intravenous drug users, 27/420 (6.4%) hemodialysis patients, 4/263 (1.5%) STD patients, 1/47 (2.1%) homosexual men, and 7/316 (2.2%) of the reference group. No patient was found positive for anti-HEV IgM. The higher prevalence which was observed in hemodialysis group was due to the confounding effect of age, as multivariate analysis showed. The anti-HEV prevalence increased significantly with age (p = 10(-4)). No significant association was found between anti-HEV, anti-HCV, and anti-HBc. In conclusion, individuals at high risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis and STDs have no increased risk of exposure to HEV and the higher prevalence of anti-HEV IgG among older subjects may be due to an epidemic form of HEV infection which occurred some decades ago, when the sanitary conditions in our country were poor.
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PMID:Hepatitis E virus infection in individuals at high risk of transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis and sexually transmitted diseases. 895 70

Using a culturally competent approach to address perinatal addiction is essential for promoting a positive response to nursing interventions. Such a health care approach would include sensitivity to cultural values beliefs, and practices specific to the backgrounds of ethnically diverse clients. Clients of Project Hope, a government-funded perinatal addiction treatment program in a midwestern city, are low-income, predominantly African American single parents with a history of substance, family, and/or environmental abuse. A majority had been treated at least once previously for a sexually transmitted disease, placing them in high-risk category for hepatitis and HIV infection. Women remain in the intensive outpatient program an average of 8 months. During that time, the multidisciplinary treatment team use a variety of interventions to address the needs of the clients, which include stable housing, health care, parenting resources, and ongoing social support. The Rooda Conceptual Model of Multicultural Nursing provides a framework for enhancing nurses' understanding of the unique needs of this ethnically diverse population.
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PMID:The use of a multicultural conceptual model in perinatal addiction treatment. 912 39


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