Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histological features of chronic active and chronic persistent hepatitis were observed in mice, rabbits and non-human primates infected with either Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. In early infection hepatitis appeared as a reactive change due to liver damage caused by the deposition of schistosome eggs, but portal and septal cellular infiltrations tended to remain long after parasite aggression had diminished or disappeared, either spontaneously with time or after chemotherapy. In rabbits, and to a lesser degree in monkeys, a picture of chronic active hepatitis was present, with evolution to cirrhosis in the former. The experimental findings indicate that schistosomiasis has the potential to induce chronic hepatitis and suggest that the current assumption that chronic hepatitis seen in humans with schistosomiasis is always due to concomitant viral infection should be reviewed.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis in experimental schistosomiasis. 770 27

The thickness of the wall of the portal vein trunk (PVT) was determined with B-mode ultrasonography in 82 patients of schistosomiasis, with hepatic fibrosis, 35 cases of schistosomiasis without hepatic fibrosis, 30 cases of post-hepatitis cirrhosis and 32 healthy subjects. It was shown that the wall thickness of PVT increased in all the patients with schistosomiasis. The thickness in patients of schistosomiasis with hepatic fibrosis was markedly increased as compared with the other three groups (P < 0.01 in all). The magnitude of increase of the wall thickness correlated well with the severity of the pathological change of hepatic fibrosis. It was also noted that change of wall thickness of PVT was not only accompanied by change in hyaluronate and hydroxyproline estimation, but also closely correlated with the international criteria of ultrasound parameters for assessment of pathological changes of schistosomiasis (rs = 0.839, rs = 0.748). Measurement of the wall thickness of PVT is, therefore, a valuable clinical method for diagnosing schistosomiasis with hepatic fibrosis and determining the severity of its pathological change.
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PMID:[Determination of the thickness of the wall of portal vein trunk in patients of schistosomiasis japonica with hepatic fibrosis and its clinical significance]. 776 38

The finding of epithelioid cell granulomas within liver biopsies is a not uncommon occurrence. We undertook this study to investigate the underlying conditions responsible for a diagnosis of granulomatous hepatitis in Northern Ireland during the thirteen year period 1980-1992. One hundred and sixty-three patients with hepatic granulomas were identified, accounting for 4% of all liver biopsies undertaken during the period of the study. In 145 cases (89%) a definite clinical diagnosis was established. The most common clinical diagnoses were primary biliary cirrhosis which accounted for 90 cases (55%) and sarcoidosis which accounted for 30 cases (18%). Other less common conditions associated with hepatic granulomas included tuberculosis (3 cases), Crohn's disease (3 cases), chronic active hepatitis (2 cases), drug hypersensitivity (2 cases) and extra-hepatic biliary obstruction (2 cases). Six patients were identified with a clinical diagnosis of psoriasis. Other miscellaneous conditions accounting for single examples of granulomatous inflammation were schistosomiasis, gout, Hodgkin's disease, secondary adenocarcinoma, collapse and necrosis of tumour following radiotherapy and chemotherapy, granulomatous inflammation within the wall of an abscess cavity and idiopathic cirrhosis. Only eighteen cases (11%) remained idiopathic with no definite diagnosis established after detailed investigation. The findings confirm the wide range of clinical conditions which can result in hepatic epithelioid cell granulomas. This has been emphasised in several previous major studies which are reviewed in this paper.
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PMID:Hepatic granulomas in Northern Ireland: a thirteen year review. 782 89

No doubt chronic liver diseases due to schistosomiasis and other causes as virus hepatitis are not uncommon among Egyptian patients. Besides, neoplastic changes in such patients are always seen. So, the aim of this work was to evaluate the estimation of hepatocytes DNA in chronic liver diseases as a diagnostic feature for early preneoplastic changes in different groups of patients. These groups included (a) chronic persistent hepatitis, (b) chronic active hepatitis, (c) liver cirrhosis due to schistosomiasis and other causes & (d) hepatocellular carcinoma. The results were evaluated histochemically and histopathologically. It was concluded that the cytophotometic evidence of hepatocytes DNA in chronic liver diseases is a promising mean in detecting early preneoplastic changes.
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PMID:Cytophotometric estimation of hepatocytes DNA in chronic liver diseases including schistosomiasis for detection of early preneoplastic changes. 784 29

The aim of the present study was to compare the response to recombinant human alpha-2 interferon therapy in 2 groups of Egyptian patients having chronic hepatitis C with or without associated schistosomiasis. Group 1 included 36 patients with associated intestinal schistosomiasis, and group 2 included 24 patients without schistosomiasis. All patients had abnormal serum aminotransferase levels and were negative for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis core antibody, but positive for hepatitis C virus antibody in serum. All patients received interferon at a dose of 3 million units subcutaneously 3 times a week for 6 months and were followed up clinically, biochemically and haematologically during this treatment period and for 6 months thereafter. A second liver biopsy was obtained from every patient after the completion of interferon therapy. Both the percentage of complete response with return to normal of alanine aminotransferase levels during therapy and the overall response rate at 6 months (when patients with a partial response were also included as responders) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in group 1 (14% and 33% respectively) than in group 2 (63% and 71% respectively). The liver histology also improved significantly in group 2 (46%) compared with group 1 (14%) after completion of therapy (P < 0.05). On the other hand the overall relapse rate in responders, by 6 months after cessation of therapy, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group 1 (92%) than in group 2 (59%). These results show that the presence of associated schistosomiasis has to be considered as an important factor in determining the response of Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C to therapy with interferon.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis as an important determining factor for the response of Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C to therapy with recombinant human alpha-2 interferon. 803 85

Hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), circulating anti-schistosomal IgG (CSAb) and circulating specific schistosomal immune complexes (CIC) were detected, using ELISA, in sera of 40 active nephrotic children, 40 active S. mansoni infected cases and 20 apparently normal age-matched controls. The presence of HBsAg cases was significantly higher among nephrotic cases (20%), active S. mansoni cases (17.5%) than controls. Moreover, HBsAg cases were significantly higher in positive CIC S. mansoni cases than negative CIC ones. The mean O.D. readings of CSAb was significantly higher in positive HBsAg nephrotic cases than negatives. At the same time, the anti-schistosomal antibodies were higher in S. mansoni cases with proteinuria than those without. Specific CIC level was significantly higher among nephrotic and schistosomiasis cases than controls. The CIC were significantly higher in schistosomiasis cases with positive HBsAg than those with negative HBsAg and were detected in 80% of cases with proteinuria compared to 37% of cases without proteinuria with a statistically significant difference. On the other hand, CIC level was not influenced, in nephrotic cases, by the presence or absence of HBsAg. It was concluded that the presence of proteinuria was considered as a good monitor of the kidney affection either with schistosomiasis or the nephrotic syndrome or the HBsAg. The detection of CIC can be used as a good monitor too and could be included in methods of early diagnosis and/or following the disease prognosis.
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PMID:Hepatitis-B virus and schistosomiasis infections in childhood proteinuria. 807 57

The present work was designed to study the course of HB virus infection among bilharzial and non-bilharzial patients and to assess the therapeutic effect of praziquantel administration on subsequent course of HB among individuals with concomitant infections. This study included 26 bilharzial cases, 14 cases with HB and 40 cases with both infections (HB and schistosomiasis). Praziquantel was administered to all bilharzial positive cases. Sera were collected from all groups prior to anti-bilharzial chemotherapy, and then later at three and six months post treatment. The results show improvement of both liver function tests and cell mediated immunity as estimated by increased mean value of CD3, CD4, helper/suppressor ratio among individuals who received praziquantel in the two groups with schistosomiasis and concomitant infection. Furthermore the individuals who lost their HB surface antigenaemia were found to have a higher mean pan T cells, CD4 values, normal helper/suppressor ratio and absence of Clc in their sera than those who retained their carrier state. The follow up of HB carriers demonstrated a higher cure rate (clearance of HBsAg) among the group with concomitant infection as compared to the group with virus hepatitis only. HBV type two infection was common among the study population accounting for 25.9% of HBsAg positive cases. 42.9% of them cleared their antigenemia after treatment with praziquantel.
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PMID:The effect of praziquantel administration on the course of hepatitis B among cases with concomitant schistosome infection. 824 53

This work was designed in an attempt to clarify the effect of growth hormone injection on the serum somatomedin-C (SM-C) levels in Egyptian children with (1) urinary bilharziasis, (2) advanced bilharzial hepatic fibrosis, and (3) children suffering from chronic hepatitis, in comparing with 11 healthy age- and sex-matched children,, served as controls. SM-C levels were studied prior and after injection of human growth hormone (hGH). The basal and hGH-stimulated SM-C levels were significantly reduced in bilharzial patients compared with controls. Patients with hepatitis had significantly lower serum SM-C values prior or post hGH administration. Liver tests carried out for bilharzial patients showed impaired function both on admission and after treatment. It can concluded from this work that shortness in children with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis may be result of hepatic and endocrinal factors and nutritional. Also, our results suggested that the delayed skeletal maturation in chronic hepatitis cases is probably secondary to liver dysfunction, malnutrition and associated endocrinopathies.
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PMID:Effect of growth hormone administration on serum somatomedin-C levels in bilharzial and liver disorders patients. 872 Dec 26

A workshop for collaborative study on circulating Schistosoma japonicum antigen detection was held at the Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, Hunan Province in May, 1993. Eight laboratories from schistosomiasis-endemic provinces (municipalities) were joined in this study. Scientists from these laboratories performed serological assays in blind using their own brought test systems that developed during recent years. The serum samples tested covered 100 non-endemic controls, 190 from patients with active schistosomiasis, 110 from cured cases of schistosome-infection, and 170 from individuals harbouring other parasitic infections or hepatitis. Results of the study revealed an assay specificity, in terms of false positive rate, of 2% in Series B versus 14-46% in the other 7 series. With regard to assay sensitivity, all test series showed 95-100% for acute cases. While for chronic cases, test series A and F demonstrated sensitivities at 73.3% and 72.7% respectively. Other series were all below 70%. Negative reversion rates for sera from cured cases within 1 year post-treatment were below 33.3%, those within 2 years were 60% for Series E, while below 50% for all others except the Series H which was excluded due to an extremely low sensitivity obtained. The low values of these test series for chemotherapy assessment may be attributed to the poor specificity of the detecting systems used and/or the sample donors being not totally cured. It is strongly indicated that all the 8 test systems involved in the present study should further be improved in sensitivity, specificity as well as in capacity for pre-and post-treatment evaluations.
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PMID:Collaborative study on detection of circulating antigens in schistosomiasis japonica. 873 81

About 100,000 cases of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occur annually in South America. The overall prevalence of HBV infection in low risk populations ranges from 6.7% to 41%, while hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rates range from 0.4% to 13%. In high endemicity aboriginal or rural populations, perinatal transmission may play a major part in the spread of HBV. In urban populations, however, horizontal transmission, probably by sexual contact, is the predominant mode of spread, with higher rates of HBV positivity in lower socioeconomic groups. High risk populations such as health care workers and haemodialysis patients show higher rates of HBV infection than comparable populations elsewhere. The risk of posttransfusion hepatitis B remains high in some areas. Concomitant HBV infection may accelerate the chronic liver disease seen in decompensated hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. In the north, the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection ranks among the highest in the world. In the south, the problem appears negligible although it is increasing within high risk urban communities. HDV superinfection has been the cause of large outbreaks of fulminant hepatitis. The cost of comprehensive or mass vaccination programmes remains unaffordable for most South American countries. Less expensive alternatives such as low dose intradermal schedules of immunisation have been used with success in selected adult subjects.
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PMID:Hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus infection in South America. 878 54


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