Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mean values of IgG and IgA were significantly higher in bilharzial patients than in the non bilharzial ones. The mean IgG level in patients with S. mansoni was significantly higher than that in patients with negative stool while the reverse was true as regards IgA. Among the bilharzial patients the mean values of IgG, IgM and IgA were significantly higher in C.A.H. and C.A.H. bilharziasis than in patients with pure bilharziasis, C.P.H. and C.P.H. with bilharziasis. It might be concluded that the altered immune response produced by schistosomiasis, the frequent exposure to the hepatitis B. virus and the bilharzial hepatitis lesions, all may pave the way for development of severe diseases e.g. chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Immunoglobulins in bilharzial patients with and without chronic hepatitis. 250 56

Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), no serologic markers of HBV can be found in up to 11% of HCC patients in developing countries and up to 68% of HCC patients in industrialized countries. Despite the absence of HBV serologic markers in these HCC patients, HBV DNA sequences have been found to be integrated into HCC DNA in 13-100% of these patients, indicating a possible role of HBV in the etiology of their HCC. Although six patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis virus infection who were followed have been documented to develop HCC, it is not known whether the non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses cause or contribute to the development of HCC in some HCC patients without HBV serologic markers. Ethanol, cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives, and aflatoxin also have been suggested as possible etiologies and should be studied further. Suggested etiologies that are not supported by the published data include alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: possible etiologies in patients without serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. 253 73

The availability of new biotechnologies has led to the prediction that new or improved vaccines can be developed for 27 diseases within the next decade. The reasons why such optimism cannot be extended to the availability of vaccines for many other infectious diseases are considered by reviewing the steps in vaccine development, from identification of the etiologic agent to construction of attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Impediments to development may exist or arise at any point in this pathway (e.g., multiplicity of serotypes, inability to cultivate the pathogen, multistage life cycles with multiple antigens, unpredictability of epidemics, inadequate knowledge of pathogenesis and immunity, fear of gene splicing, need for an adjuvant, and lack of profitability). Diseases for which vaccines are not likely to be available in the next decade include trachoma, onchocerciasis, pneumonia due to Legionella and to mycoplasmas, amebiasis and giardiasis, schistosomiasis, syphilis, chlamydial urethritis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and filariasis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Impediments to the development of additional vaccines: vaccines against important diseases that will not be available in the next decade. 266 4

Cyclosporin A is a potent immunosuppressive agent that has revolutionized the care of organ transplant recipients. Recently, the use of cyclosporin A has been extended beyond the transplant setting to include certain disorders that are thought to be immunologically mediated. This review focuses on the results of cyclosporin A in the treatment of nontransplant-related liver disorders including primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune chronic active (lupoid) hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, schistosomiasis, acute fulminant hepatitis, and chronic granulomatous liver disease.
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PMID:Cyclosporin A in nontransplant-related liver disease. 268 36

In 1985, the US Peace Corps developed a computerized epidemiological surveillance system to monitor health trends in over 5500 Peace Corps Volunteers working in development projects in 62 countries worldwide. Data on 31 health conditions and events are collected monthly from each country; quarterly and annual incidence rates are then calculated, and the analysed data are distributed. In 1987, the most commonly reported health problems were diarrhoea (unclassified), 48 cases per 100 volunteers per year; amoebiasis, 24 per 100 volunteers per year; injuries, 20 per 100 volunteers per year; bacterial skin infections, 19 per 100 volunteers per year; and giardiasis 17 per 100 volunteers per year. Tracking each of these common problems, as well as other selected health conditions, guides design of more specific studies and disease control efforts. Health problems with very low rates (less than 1.0/100 volunteers/year) include hepatitis, schistosomiasis, non-falciparum malaria, and filariasis. The epidemiological surveillance system provides the health data needed to plan, implement, and evaluate health programmes for Peace Corps Volunteers, and provides a model for surveillance in other groups of temporary and permanent residents of developing countries.
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PMID:Epidemiological surveillance in Peace Corps Volunteers: a model for monitoring health in temporary residents of developing countries. 272 68

Three hundred twenty-four individuals in a farming village located in the Nile Delta of Egypt were serially tested for hepatitis markers and Schistosoma mansoni to determine whether there is an increased risk of hepatitis B in persons infected with schistosomiasis. One-half of the subjects had stools positive for S. mansoni. Thirty-seven percent of the individuals had been infected with hepatitis B, and 3% were chronic HBsAg carriers. No statistical association was found between S. mansoni infection and hepatitis B infection, including chronic hepatitis B. Although there was no evidence of an association between these 2 pathogens, larger nonhospital based studies are needed to resolve this question.
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PMID:Risk of hepatitis B infection among Egyptians infected with Schistosoma mansoni. 309 91

In order to evaluate the ELISA for schistosomiasis under the conditions of clinical practice, 1576 hospital patients were tested using a crude soluble Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen. Test sensitivity in detection of S. mansoni was found to be 96.2% and in S. haematobium 92.3%. The predictive value of positive results was high, reaching 88% at antibody levels three or more times the screening level. The test was considered by clinicians to be valuable for diagnosis and patient management, though it did not distinguish active from recently treated infections. Of 37 apparently false positive schistosome ELISA results only seven could be attributed to other helminth infections. Another nine patients had hepatitis. It is suggested that the antigens and antibodies of the two diseases are mutually cross-reactive, since reports have suggested a high increase of HBsAg patients with schistosomiasis.
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PMID:An evaluation of the ELISA for schistosomiasis in a hospital population. 309 36

The authors report three cases of eosinophilic granulomatous hepatitis observed among 325 liver puncture biopsies. The patients had urinary bilharziasis and had just been treated with oltipraz. These cases were probably due to eosinophilic reactions which sometimes follow treatment of schistosomiasis.
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PMID:[Eosinophilic granulomatous hepatitis. Apropos of 3 cases]. 311 30

In an attempt to establish an experimental model of acute schistosomiasis, sequential histological changes were investigated in the skin, lung, liver and spleen of mice infected with 30 or 100 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni according to four sets of experiments: single infection, repeated infections, unisexual infection and infection in mice born from infected mothers. Animals were killed every other day from exposure up to 50 days after infection. Only mild, isolated, focal inflammatory changes were found before the appearance of mature eggs in the liver, even when repeated infections were made. Severe changes of reactive hepatitis and splenitis appeared suddenly when the first mature eggs were deposited, around the 37th to 42nd day after infection. The mature eggs induced lytic and coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes around them which was soon followed by dense infiltration of eosinophils. So, mature egg-induced lesions appeared as the major factors in the pathogenesis of acute schistosomiasis in mice. Mice born from infected mothers were apparently able to rapidly modulate the egg-lesions, forming early fibrotic granulomas. The murine model of acute schistosomiasis appeared adequate for the study of pathology and pathogenesis of acute schistosomiasis.
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PMID:A contribution to the study of acute schistosomiasis (an experimental trial). 314 21

Eighteen patients with protal hypertension were studied. Portal hypertension was due to schistosomiasis (N = 9), cirrhosis (N = 7) and congenital hepatic fibrosis (N = 2) diagnosed by surgical biopsy during the decompressive surgery (selective splenorenal shunt). All the patients have had at least one episode of digestive hemorrhage due to rupture of esophageal varices and received blood transfusion before or during surgery. The incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis was 44% (eight cases). The short and medium-term follow-up was good regardless the etiology of portal hypertension. The authors attributed these results mainly to good hepatic function at the time of surgery, younger patient population and good surgical technical conditions.
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PMID:[Selective splenorenal shunt and post-transfusional hepatitis. Short and medium-term follow-up]. 393 82


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