Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cold urticaria is defined as a urticarial and/or angioedematous reaction of the skin to contact with cold objects, water or air. Types of urticaria associated with infectious diseases, such as mononucleosis, rubeola, varicella, syphilis, hepatitis, and HIV infection have been reported. We present the case of a patient who developed cold urticaria associated with acute serologic toxoplasmosis. The patient was a 34-year-old man who for the previous 2 months had presented cutaneous pruritus accompanied by several papular lesions in parts of the skin exposed to cold as well as those in contact with cold water. The result of an "ice-cube test" was positive. Serologic tests for Toxoplasma gondii showed an IgG level of 68 UI/ml and were positive for IgM, while a test for cryoglobulins was positive. One month later cryoglobulins were negative and a serologic test for T. gondii showed an IgG concentration of 75 UI/ml and positive IgM. Three months later cryoglobulins were still negative, IgG for T. gondii was 84 UI/ml, and IgM was positive. After 6 months cryoglobulins were still negative, IgG level was 68 UI/ml and IgM was still slightly positive. In the final evaluation, 14 months later, IgG level was 32 UI/ml and IgM was negative. The patient continues to present clinical manifestations of cold urticaria, although he has experienced some improvement and his tolerance to cold has increased after treatment with cetirizine.
 ...
PMID:Cold urticaria associated with acute serologic toxoplasmosis. 1594 32

The latest advances in hepatology were presented in oral and poster presentations. In order to cover the varying subspecialties, the sessions were divided into various sections including 'Acute Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Support', 'Biliary Tract and Immunologic Liver Diseases', 'Cellular and Molecular Biology', 'Clinical and Experimental Hepatobiliary Surgery', 'Hepatotoxicity and Cell Death', 'Transport and Biliary Physiology', 'Viral Hepatitis', 'Evaluation and Treatment of Biliary Disease', 'Necrosis/Apoptosis', 'Portal Hypertension', 'Blood Flow and Vascular Disorders of Cirrhosis', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Fibrogenesis', 'Hepatocellular Carcinoma', 'Metabolism and Genetic Disease', and 'Public Policy, Epidemiology and Decision Analysis'. Drug therapy focused on treatments for viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and recurrent viral disease following liver transplant. High dose interferon therapy or various combinations of interferon/ribavirin (ICN Pharmaceuticals Inc) therapy seem to offer the best current therapy for chronic HCV. PEGylated interferon (F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd) offers hope for treatment and histologic improvement in patients with chronic HCV. Following liver transplantation, combination interferon/ribavirin therapy may also find success, but caution with new potent immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies is advised. For HBV, intramuscular H-BIG (NABI) appears to be effective and less costly than iv H-BIG administration following liver transplantation. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation may hold promise over conventional ethanol injection therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma. Autoimmune hepatitis may respond to tacrolimus therapy whereas budesonide therapy did not provide any advantage to prednisone therapy. For primary biliary cirrhosis, eicosapentate and ursodeoxycholic acid may provide benefit to some patients while silymarin from milk thistle did not provide any additional benefit. In primary sclerosing cholangitis, high dose ursodeoxycholic acid may provide benefit. Ursodeoxycholic acid may also provide benefit for mothers with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy by decreasing pruritus, lowering laboratory values and allowing deliveries to occur closer to term.
 ...
PMID:Digestive disease week 2000. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. 1605 98

Diaminodiphenyl sulphone (dapsone) is a drug of choice in the treatment of leprosy. It is also useful for the treatment of many neutrophilic and other dermatoses. Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare but well recognized serious adverse effect characterized by fever, skin rashes, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, and hepato-splenomegaly. Twenty-six patients with dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome were studied for clinical profile, outcome, and prognosis. The male:female ratio was 2.2:1, and the mean age was 33.19 years (range 13 to 64 years). The interval between start of dapsone therapy and appearance of symptoms varied from 2-7 weeks (mean 29.82 days). Twenty-four patients received dapsone as a part of multi-drug therapy for leprosy; the other two patients received dapsone for lichen planus and acne vulgaris. Exfoliative dermatitis was the most common cutaneous manifestation followed by erythematous maculo-papular eruption and Stevens-Johnson syndrome-like lesion. The other common systemic manifestations were: fever (26 cases), itching (22 cases), lymphadenopathy (21 cases), jaundice (21 cases), pallor (20 cases), hepatomegaly (19 cases), and pedal edema (14 cases). Investigation profile revealed elevated levels of serum liver enzymes in 100% of patients, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 92.3%, raised bilirubin in 84.6%, leucocytosis in 69.23%, low hemoglobin (<9 gm/dl) in 46.15% and hypoproteinemia in 42.3%. Eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, and reticulocytosis count were found in 4 patients each. All the patients had favorable outcomes except three who died due to hepatic failure. Medical personnel must be aware of this potentially fatal syndrome, because it can cause considerable morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome: a clinico-epidemiological review. 1636 48

De novo autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare disorder first described in 1998. It appears in patients with liver transplants for non-AIH etiology. The few cases in the literature make it a little known entity due to mechanisms that are unclear. We present the case of a woman with a liver transplant whose graft developed de novo AIH. Diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis, the patient underwent liver transplantation for refractory pruritus. Sixteen months after transplantation, we detected alterations in the hepatic profile with hypertransaminasemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase, together with elevated antinuclear antibodies. IgG levels were normal. Histological findings indicated AIH. The patient responded rapidly to treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine. De novo AIH in patients transplanted for PBC may cause graft dysfunction. This report also analyzes the case with respect to the other four reported cases, discussing etiologic hypotheses.
 ...
PMID:De novo autoimmune hepatitis following liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. 1679 35

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is usually the first choice for the treatment of hyperthyroidism, but it has serious side effects such as hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, splenomegaly and lupus-like syndrome, in addition to mild and common side effects like granulocytopenia, pruritus, urticaria and maculopapular or papular eruption. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis is another serious side effect. A 14-year-old female receiving PTU treatment for hyperthyroidism was referred to our clinic with fever, cough and dyspnea. The PTU dosage was first decreased but pericardial, dermal and joint involvement ascribed to PTU developed later and the drug was discontinued. ANCA-positive vasculitis due to PTU was considered when tests revealed an ANCA-positive state. We suggest that severe multisystemic vasculitis due to PTU should be considered during PTU usage.
 ...
PMID:Propylthiouracil-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. 1684 20

A 46-year-old woman presented with chronic fluctuated liver function impairment, Raynaud's phenomenon, digital gangrene, pulmonary hypertension, and intense pruritus within a period of 2 years. Laboratory investigations revealed antinuclear antibodies, anticentromere antibodies (ACA), hypergammaglobulinemia, lymphocytic infiltration of the liver parenchyma, and mild cholangitis. The associated symptoms included thyroiditis, conjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, and polyarthralgia. There was no conspicuous sclerodactyly, calcinosis, or dysphagia. The symptoms were relieved with intravenous, as well as oral, methylprednisolone. This constellation of presentations, including chronic autoimmune hepatitis with mild cholangitis and pulmonary hypertension, suggested that the presence of serum ACA might indicate relentless visceral organ damage.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis, cholangitis, pulmonary hypertension, digital gangrene, and conjunctivitis sicca in a woman with anticentromere antibodies. 1686 13

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is an important cause of cholestatic liver disease and biliary cirrhosis in pediatric population. Three cases of PFIC are described that were diagnosed on the basis of family history, pruritus, cirrhosis and / or paucity of interlobular bile ducts on liver biopsy and presence of extrahepatic biliary tree on imaging. These patients were initially labeled as suffering from extra-hepatic biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. PFIC-1 and 2 could not be differentiated on histological grounds, since these patients presented late and process of fibrosis was advanced.
 ...
PMID:Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. 1700 61

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is the chronic inflammatory liver disease of unknown etiology, demonstrating progressive injury of liver, finally leading to insufficiency of this organ. Possible association between clinical forms, course and prognosis of AIH has been considered recently. Aim of this study is to evaluate autoimmune hepatitis exacerbation risk in respect to epidemiological, clinical and laboratory signs demonstrated in patients with freshly diagnosed AIH. Retrospective study included 42 patients hospitalized in Liver Unit of Department of Infectious Diseases Medical University of Bialystok between 1999 and 2003, suspected for autoimmune hepatitis. In majority of patients onset of the disease was sudden and associated with significant increase of ALT activity. The most frequent, first sign of the disease was jaundice, that was observed in over 50% among patients, pruritus was reported by 1/4 patients. In 12 patients (41.4%) beginning of the disease was oligosymptomatic, i.e. without jaundice and pruritus. These patients demonstrated significantly lower ALT activity, bilirubin and gamma-globulin concentrations. Moreover prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in this group was less frequent, and frequency of hospitalization because of AIH exacerbations was also lower. Concluding, oligosynptomatic course of the disease accompanied by lower ALT activity can be related to better prognosis of AIH, and indicate mild course associated with low risk of exacerbations. On the c:her hand faster progression of the disease can be expected in younger patients demonstrating significant increase of ALT activity at the moment of initial diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with autoimmune hepatitis]. 1707 91

Aims of treatment for primary sclerosing cholangitis are as follows: prevention of progression of hepatobiliary disease, reduction of symptoms and consequences of cholestasis (pruritus, osteoporosis), and prevention of complications (colorectal cancer, hepatobiliary cancer). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) improves biliary secretion and laboratory parameters of cholestasis, but its effects on liver histology and survival are not clear. It reduces the incidence of dysplasias and carcinomas of the colon in patients with colitis and possibly has a beneficial effect on the incidence of bile duct carcinomas. At present, UDCA represents the most promising therapeutic option. Immunosuppressive treatment has not been proven to be effective; it appears to be indicated in the overlap syndrome with autoimmune hepatitis but may be harmful in bacterial cholangitis. Bacterial cholangitis is common in patients with dominant stenoses and requires antibiotic treatment. Endoscopic treatment of dominant stenoses improves cholestasis and prolongs survival in comparison to predicted survival. Pruritus represents a problem in some patients, and cholestyramine represents the first-line treatment. If ineffective, opioid antagonists, rifampin, or ondansetron may be tried. For treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia, calcium and vitamin D supplementation are recommended, and in selected cases, bisphosphonates may be indicated. In patients with severe cholestasis and coagulation defects, parenteral supplementation of vitamin K may be indicated. During treatment, all patients should be regularly screened for colonic and bile duct carcinomas. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver and its complications are treated accordingly, and in end-stage disease, liver transplantation is indicated.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. 1739 26

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important outcome measure in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). In this article, an overview is given of the most common measurement instruments of HRQoL, determinants of HRQoL in patients with CLD, and current developments in the implementation of routine measurement of HRQoL in daily clinical practice. Well-developed generic instruments of HRQoL are the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). Well-developed liver disease-specific HRQoL instruments are the Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (HQLQ), the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), the Liver Disease Quality Of Life Questionnaire (LDQOL ), and the Liver Disease Symptom Index 2.0 (LDSI 2.0). Commonly used HRQoL measures in cost-effectiveness studies are the Health Utilities Index (HUI), Short Form-6D (SF-6D) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). HRQoL of patients with chronic liver disease has been shown to be impaired, with patients with hepatitis C showing the worst HRQoL. Disease severity, pruritus, joint pain, abdominal pain, muscle cramps, fatigue, depression and anxiety have been associated with HRQoL in patients with CLD. Recently, studies assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of measuring HRQoL in daily clinical practice have been performed, generally showing positive results regarding the discussion of HRQoL-related topics, but mixed results regarding the added value of actual improvement in HRQoL. Furthermore, logistic and attitudinal barriers seem to impede successful implementation. Nevertheless, given the importance of HRQoL in liver patients, we should persist in measuring and subsequently improving HRQoL in clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:Overview of research on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease. 1765 9


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10