Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurement of blood volume is an important clinical tool in establishing a diagnosis as in polycythemia vera, in assessing the true significance of a low blood count in a patient with splenomegaly, and in evaluating a bleeding patient. In theory, blood volume measurements should be of great value in treating acute blood loss, but this is often too time-consuming to be practicable. The main value of blood volume studies so far has been in clinical research where it is essential for correct interpretation of the peripheral blood measurements. Estimates using the hematocrit (packed cell volume) could be misleading since this measurement does not take into account total blood volume and changes in the plasma volume. A variety of isotopes that tag the red blood cell have been used to measure total blood volume and red cell mass. Most commonly used at present is autologous 51-Cr labeled red cells, thus eliminating the risk of hepatitis in transfusion to the subjects. Radio labeled albumin and other plasma proteins were used to measure plasma volume. A large molecular protein is ideal to eliminate overestimation from extravascular diffusion of labeled material for accurate determination of plasma volume. Physiologic changes in the newborn, in pregnant women, during exercise, bed rest, and altitude in the nonpathologic state are discussed. Studies in the normal subject's adaptation in different physiologic conditions have revealed a variety of factors that regulate blood volume.
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PMID:Physiological changes in blood volume. 109 3

Pegylated interferon alfa-2a (pegIFNa) is being increasingly used for treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms; however, its side effects, including autoimmune complications, are not unusual. We report on a 47-year-old woman with polycythemia vera (PV) treated with pegIFNa and in complete hematologic remission who developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). To our knowledge, thrombotic microangiopathy has been reported as a side effect of interferon (IFN) use in patients with hepatitis and chronic myeloid leukemia, but not in those with PV. Our patient had a low ADAMTS13 level due to an inhibitor, which normalized after withholding pegIFNa and initiating treatment for TTP with therapeutic plasma exchange and corticosteroids. She experienced refractory TTP, necessitating treatment with rituximab and splenectomy. Postsplenectomy, she developed a high platelet count, warranting the need to restart treatment for PV. However, JAK2V617F allelic burden by real-time PCR was 0.7%, indicating that the increased platelet count was likely secondary to splenectomy. Therefore, we elected to monitor her counts and JAK2V617F allelic burden closely. With this case report, we hope to alert treating physicians that TTP should be considered as a complication of pegIFNa therapy in PV and that prompt discontinuation of the drug with necessary treatment should be instituted to prevent fatal complications.
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PMID:Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Associated With Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a Use in a Patient With Polycythemia Vera. 2859 55

In late 2011, a variant pseudorabies virus (vPRV) emerged in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pig herds, resulting in high morbidity and mortality of piglets in China. Since 2013, the autopsy lesions, histological examinations, virus isolation, phylogenetic analysis and selection pressure analysis of the gE gene of vPRV were recorded for 395 clinical cases, and 5,033 pig serum samples were detected by PRV gE-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The major clinical symptoms were abortion in pregnant sows, fatal neurological signs in piglets and respiratory disease in growing pigs. Necrotic splenitis, hepatitis and lymphadenitis, haemorrhagic nephritis and non-suppurative encephalitis were observed by histopathological examination. Typical eosinophilic inclusion bodies were found in the nuclei of liver cells. Using PCR, 110 samples among 395 clinical cases tested positive for the gE gene. Fifteen vPRV strains were isolated and confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gE gene. The strains shared 97.1%-99.9% nucleotide (nt) and 96.6%-99.5% amino acid (aa) homology with PRV reference strains. Selection pressure analysis showed that one site in the codons of glycoprotein E was under positive selection. Of the 5,033 serum samples, 2,909 were positive by ELISA for a positive rate of 57.8%. These results showed that vPRV was still prevalent in Shandong Province, indicating severe PRV infectious pressure. The preparation of new vaccines against PRV is extremely urgent.
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PMID:Epidemiological investigation of pseudorabies in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2016. 2947 27

Introduction: In the 1950s, thioguanine (TG), a thiopurine-derivative together with azathioprine (AZA) and mercaptopurine (MP), were developed for the treatment of childhood leukemia. Over the years, the use of TG was also explored for other, mainly immune-mediated and inflammatory, diseases such as in the field of dermatology and rheumatology (e.g. psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)) and gastroenterology and hepatology (e.g. inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), autoimmune hepatitis).Areas covered: This review provides a comprehensive overview of all the clinical uses of TG and describes its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic features, and toxicity.Expert opinion: Thioguanine has shown beneficial clinical effects in hematological (particularly leukemia) and several immune-inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, SLE, polycythemia vera, Churg-Strauss syndrome, IBD, collagenous sprue, refractory celiac disease, and autoimmune hepatitis. Thioguanine is not effective in treating solid-cancers. At relatively low dosages, i.e. 0.2- 0.3mg/kg/day or 20 mg/day, TG has a favorable risk-benefit ratio and is a safe and effective drug in the long-term treatment of amongst other IBD patients. Thioguanine toxicity, especially myelotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity, including nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver, is limited when dosed adequately. The occurrence of NRH appears dose-dependent and has been especially described during high dose TG above 40 mg/day.
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PMID:The continuous rediscovery and the benefit-risk ratio of thioguanine, a comprehensive review. 3209 Jun 22