Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on a 30 years-old female AIDS patient suffering from generalized pneumocystosis and intestinal microsporidiosis. The chest X-ray showed a right-sided pleural effusion; the lungs showed no areas of consolidation and the heart and the vessels were normal in size. Sonography revealed multiple cystic lesions of the liver measuring 1-3 cm in diameter, as well as ascites. Pneumocystis carinii was detected on cytological examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the pleural effusion and the ascitic fluid. Intestinal microsporidiosis was diagnosed by cytological examination of the stool. Both pneumocystis carinii infection and microsporidiosis may cause hepatitis and ascites. In our patient the organ manifestations of the two infections did not overlap. Since simultaneous organ manifestations are possible the differential diagnosis is discussed. This is the first case of microsporidiosis reported in Austria.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of ascites and abscess forming hepatitis in AIDS patients with reference to the first patient with microsporidia infection in Austria]. 128 19

The epidemiology of infections associated with orthotopic liver transplantation is summarized herein, and approaches to prophylaxis are outlined. Infection is a major complication following orthotopic liver transplantation, and more than half of transplant recipients develop at least one infection. The risk of infection is highest in the first month after transplantation, and the most common pathogens are bacteria and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Bacterial infections usually occur in the first month, arise in the abdomen, and are caused by aerobes. The peak incidence of CMV infection is late in the first month and early in the second month after transplantation. CMV syndromes include fever and neutropenia, hepatitis, pneumonitis, gut ulceration, and disseminated infection. Other significant problems are Candida intraabdominal infection, Herpes simplex mucocutaneous infection or hepatitis, adenovirus hepatitis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Prophylaxis of infection in liver transplant recipients has not been well-studied. Several different regimens of parenteral, oral absorbable, and/or oral non-absorbable antibiotics active against bacteria and yeast have been used at various centers, but no randomized controlled trials have been conducted. Selective bowel decontamination appears to be a promising approach to the prevention of bacterial and Candida infections, while oral acyclovir may be a relatively convenient and effective agent for CMV prophylaxis.
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PMID:Infections following orthotopic liver transplantation. 165 Feb 45

To ascertain the incidence of infections in intravenous users of illicit drugs, we performed a retrospective study of 270 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and 562 controls who did not use drugs over a seven-year period from 1978-1985. IVDUs had an increased overall incidence of infections (P less than 0.001) compared to controls, which was explained to a large degree by an increased incidence of hepatitis. Endocarditis and disseminated gonococcal infection were seen with increased frequency in IVDUs (P less than 0.05), but abscess and cellulitis were not. Neither acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, nor disseminated viral or fungal infection were seen in IVDUs or controls. Heroin users, but not other IVDUs, had an increased incidence of infections not thought to be associated with needle use, suggesting impaired immunity. This study demonstrates that IVDUs have an increased incidence of infection compared to control subjects, but the kinds of infections have changed substantially over the past two decades. The presence of opportunistic pathogens in these patients should suggest concurrent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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PMID:Increased incidence of infections in intravenous drug users. 278 3

A patient who developed Pneumocystis carinii hepatitis and choroiditis despite receiving prophylactic pentamidine therapy by aerosol is described. Liver biopsy showed histology typical of Pneumocystis hepatitis, but his respiratory status was stable and his lungs were free of P carinii organisms on BAL. Thus, inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis did not prevent extrapulmonary pneumocystosis. Patients receiving pentamidine prophylaxis with unexplained symptoms should undergo investigation for possible extrapulmonary P carinii infection.
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PMID:Pneumocystis hepatitis and choroiditis despite successful aerosolized pentamidine pulmonary prophylaxis. 279 97

The 9-month-old daughter of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive parents presented with cholestasis and was found on liver biopsy to have giant cell hepatitis. No viral inclusions or particles were seen by light or electron microscopy. Ultrastructural studies of the liver biopsy demonstrated tubuloreticular structures in the endothelium and cylindrical confronting cisternae in inflammatory cells in the portal tracts. Serologic studies for hepatitis B, hepatitis A, and Epstein-Barr viruses were negative. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was cultured from the urine, but buffy coat, nasopharyngeal, and liver cultures were negative and CMV antibody titer was low. The hepatitis responded dramatically to prednisone therapy. A repeat biopsy several months later revealed similar morphologic findings. AIDS was suspected on clinical and immunologic grounds, and was confirmed by the demonstration of HIV-specific IgG and IgM in serum. Five months after initial presentation, the infant developed Pneumocystis pneumonia, disseminated CMV infection, and died. This appears to be the first reported association of infantile giant cell hepatitis with HIV infection.
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PMID:HIV as a cause of giant cell hepatitis. 283 97

Over a period of 23 months, 30 cases of cryptococcosis have been studied in Bujumbura (Burundi). Through them, epidemiological and clinical aspects have been underlined, and attempts have been made to establish links between cryptococcosis and A.I.D.S., which is significantly frequent in Central Africa. Cryptococcosis strikes young adults (40% between 30 and 35 years of age). Its high frequency in Bujumbura among patients infested by A.I.D.S., suggest some thoughts. A.I.D.S. in Central Africa, and particularly in Burundi, presents some peculiarities linked to surrounding and possibilities of diagnosis: opportunistic diseases are of different frequency in temperate or tropical climates: pneumocystosis are more frequent in U.S.A. but cryptococcosis and candidosis are more frequent in Africa because their diagnosis is easier. lack of classical risk factors in African populations is known, but other risk factors have to be taken into consideration: tuberculosis, intestinal parasitosis, chronic virus B hepatitis, protein-caloric deficiency.
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PMID:[Cryptococcosis in Burundi in 1985. Report of 30 cases]. 377 81

To identify risk factors that determine the major manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the authors analyzed data from three epidemiologic studies conducted by the Centers for Disease Control. The authors compared patients by outcome of disease. Eighty-seven homosexual patients (47 with Kaposi's sarcoma, 20 with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and 20 with both) had participated in the earlier studies, and their interviews and laboratory test results were available. Compared with patients who have Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia only, patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and those with both diseases reported more different sexual partners, more recreational drug use, higher incomes and higher rates of non-B hepatitis. Multivariate analysis showed that the variable most strongly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma was the use of large quantities of nitrite inhalants. A multifactorial model is postulated to explain the various disease manifestations of AIDS. This study suggests that the use of nitrite inhalants may be a cofactor in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma. By identifying other cofactors, investigators may be able to define additional opportunities for prevention of the development of AIDS.
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PMID:Disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a possible role of nitrites in Kaposi's sarcoma. 387 2

The Centers for Disease Control conducted a case-control study to investigate an outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. The occurrence of these diseases was found to be associated with certain aspects of lifestyle, including a greater number of male sex partners per year, exposure to feces during sex, history of syphilis and non-B hepatitis, treatment for enteric parasites, and use of various illicit substances. Laboratory studies reflected both this lifestyle and the probable underlying cause of the Kaposi's sarcoma and P. carinii pneumonia--cellular immune deficiency. Patients were found to have lymphopenia, specifically a deficiency of the T-helper subpopulation, resulting in a reversal of the T-helper to T-suppressor ratio. Levels of IgG and IgA were increased. When compared with controls, patients were also found to have significantly higher titers of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, a higher prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus and Treponema pallidum, a lower prevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus, and a higher frequency of isolation of cytomegalovirus.
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PMID:National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 2. Laboratory results. 630 49

To identify risk factors for the occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men, we conducted a case-control study in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. Fifty patients (cases) (39 with Kaposi's sarcoma, 8 with pneumocystis pneumonia, and 3 with both) and 120 matched homosexual male controls (from sexually transmitted disease clinics and private medical practices) participated in the study. The variable most strongly associated with illness was a larger number of male sex partners per year (median, 61 for patients; 27 and 25 for clinic and private practice controls, respectively). Compared with controls, cases were also more likely to have been exposed to feces during sex, have had syphilis and non-B hepatitis, have been treated for enteric parasites, and have used various illicit substances. Certain aspects of a lifestyle shared by a subgroup of the male homosexual population are associated with an increased risk of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia.
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PMID:National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 1. Epidemiologic results. 660 6

Thirty-six patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease who were treated primarily with MOPP were evaluated to determine the reasons for MOPP failure. Complete remission was achieved in 22 (61%) of the patients, and the predicted 5-year survival rate for all patients is 60%. Reasons for the failure of MOPP to cure patients in this series included: 1) Idiosyncratic drug reactions in 2 patients (6%). MOPP was discontinued after one cycle because of drug-related hepatitis or skin rash; 2) Resistant disease in 8 patients (22%). Primary treatment failure was significantly associated with the presence of B symptoms (p = .005) and age greater than 40 years (p = .02); 3) Death from complicating infection in 5 patients (14%). Four patients died without evidence of Hodgkin's disease while responding to MOPP from pneumocystis pneumonia, viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, or bacterial septicemia. One patient died in complete remission from sudden, overwhelming sepsis; 4) Relapse from complete remission in 4 patients (11%). All patients who relapsed had deviations from the planned dose or timing of MOPP. Remission duration was shorter (p = .06) in patients with documented deviations in MOPP administration than in patients without such changes. It appears that new treatment approaches are needed for patients with B symptoms, and that failure to deliver MOPP on schedule in the planned dose increases the risk of relapse.
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PMID:Reasons for failure of MOPP to cure Hodgkin's disease: The importance of dose and schedule. 689 61


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