Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The complications of isoniazid (INH) were studied in 1033 patients, who had received INH for at least 18 months, with or without other drugs. Hepatitis developed in 25 patients; this was attributed to rifampicin, (15 cases); infectious hepatitis (three cases); INH alone, (three cases); IHN possibly exacerbating chronic liver disease, (two cases); and multiple drug treatment, (two cases). Central nervous system disorders (mainly peripheral neuropathy) due to INH occurred in 12 patients, all of whom were over the age of 40 years. Hypersensitivity to INH developed in 12 patients. Some difficulties in distinguishing hepatitis due to rifampicin from that due to INH are discussed. When the risk of hepatitis was compared with the risks of developing, or dying from, tuberculosis, it was found that the benefits of INH chemoprophylaxis outweighed the risks, particularly in patients who were less than 50 years of age.
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PMID:How safe is isoniazid? 65 34

5 patients treated with perhexiline maleate, 200-400 mg/day for at least 6 months, exhibited evidence of hepatitis. The picture was very similar to acute alcoholic hepatitis, clinically, biologically and histologically with presence of necrosis, Mallory's hyaline, polynuclear infiltration and to a lesser degree, steatosis. Association with peripheral neuropathy, hypoglycemia, and renal failure appears strikingly frequently. The evolution was severe since 3 patients died within 6 months, even after treatment withdrawal. Further studies are to be done to understand the mechanisms of hepatic and neurologic toxicity, and to measure the hazards of this drug. These studies could bring a new insight to alcohol toxicity.
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PMID:Perhexiline maleate-induced hepatitis. 68 Apr 19

To evaluate the long-term toxicity and activity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, in vitro. 58 patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex were studied with additional reference to the effect of previous treatment with zidovudine, and the effect of ddI on HIV-induced cognitive dysfunction. Doses above 9.6 mg/kg per day of ddI were frequently associated with toxicity (peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, or hepatitis). Doses of 9.6 mg/kg per day or below were well tolerated for up to 21 months. A subset of patients receiving 3.2-9.6 mg/kg per day of ddI had long-term immunological improvement and reduction of serum HIV p24 antigen. Immunological changes were especially seen in patients who had little previous zidovudine therapy. 5 patients with HIV-induced cognitive impairment improved with ddI. Thus, ddI may have anti-HIV activity at doses which are tolerated for long-term therapy, although pancreatitis could be a life-threatening complication.
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PMID:Long-term toxicity/activity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in AIDS or AIDS-related complex. 197 29

Long-term follow-up data on young patients receiving amiodarone is lacking, especially in relation to growth and late side effects. The records of 95 young patients (mean age 12.4 years; range 3 weeks to 31.5 years) who received amiodarone were reviewed. Minimal follow-up time for those continuing to take amiodarone was 1.5 years; the mean duration of therapy was 2.3 years (maximal 6.5). The mean maintenance dosage was 7.7 (1.5 to 25) mg/kg body weight per day. Initial success (based on symptoms and 24 h electrocardiogram) was achieved in 23 of 34 patients with ventricular tachycardia, in 32 of 33 with atrial flutter and in 21 of 28 patients with supraventricular tachycardia. However, in 7 of 33 patients with atrial flutter, the arrhythmia returned after 6 months. Patient growth continued in the same percentiles achieved before amiodarone in all but eight patients, improving in six and worsening in two with severe underlying disease. Proarrhythmia occurred in three patients: one had torsade de pointes that disappeared when amiodarone administration was stopped; two with severe anatomic heart disease died suddenly during the loading period (one with atrial flutter and one with ventricular tachycardia). Side effects occurred in 28 (29%) of the 95 patients: keratopathy (in 11), abnormal thyroid function test (in 6), chemical hepatitis (in 3), rash (in 3), peripheral neuropathy (in 2), hypertension (in 1) and vomiting (in 1). All side effects disappeared when amiodarone was discontinued or the dose was reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of amiodarone therapy in the young: continued efficacy, unimpaired growth, moderate side effects. 231 68

Perhexiline maleate, which causes inhibition of myocardial fatty acid catabolism with a concomitant increase in glucose utilization, is particularly useful in the management of patients with severe angina pectoris. While perhexiline exerts no significant negative inotropic or dromotropic effects, its short- and long-term use has hitherto been restricted because of complex pharmacokinetics and the eventual development, in many patients, of hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy. Correlations between perhexiline dose, plasma drug concentrations, efficacy and development of toxicity were examined prospectively in 3 groups of patients. The first group (n = 29) were patients in whom perhexiline was added to previously prescribed anti-anginal medication for short-term (pre-surgical or post-myocardial infarction) control of angina pectoris. Over a mean treatment period of 18 +/- 2 (SEM) days, 13 patients experienced a marked reduction in frequency and severity of attacks. No adverse effects occurred. A second group of patients (n = 19) were treated chronically with 50-400 mg/day of perhexiline, dosage being adjusted to minimize symptoms. Over a mean treatment period of 8.8 +/- 1.7 months, 5 patients became asymptomatic, while 9 developed evidence of hepatitis or neurotoxicity, with concomitant plasma perhexiline concentrations of 720-2680 ng/ml. Subsequently, a further group of similar patients (n = 22) were treated for 12.4 +/- 2.6 months, perhexiline dosage being adjusted to maintain plasma perhexiline concentrations below 600 ng/ml. Nine patients became asymptomatic, while none developed adverse effects. It is concluded that perhexiline is useful both as a short-term adjunct to anti-anginal therapy and in the long-term management of patients unsuitable for coronary artery bypass grafting. The risk of long-term toxicity can be reduced markedly by maintenance of plasma drug concentrations below 600 ng/ml without significantly compromising anti-anginal efficacy.
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PMID:Perhexiline maleate treatment for severe angina pectoris--correlations with pharmacokinetics. 379 79

The combination treatment of mitomycin C (M), vincristine (V), and cisplatin (P) (MVP) in 63 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluated for their potential synergistic cytotoxicity. The overall response rate was 43% (27/63); in the 54 eligible and evaluable patients, the response rate was 50% (27/54). Responses were observed in all cell types and disease sites. Cell type; performance status of 0, 1, or 2; sex; and age younger or older than 60 years did not significantly influence the response rate. However, patients with prior radiation had significantly more treatment failure than those without. The dose-limiting side effects in these 54 patients were myelosuppression (40%), pulmonary fibrosis (9%), peripheral neuropathy (6%), and intractable nausea and vomiting (4%). The degree of leukopenia (P less than 0.01) but not of thrombocytopenia increased significantly in patients who had received prior radiotherapy. One patient died of marked thrombocytopenia and one of fulminant hepatitis. Patients who responded lived significantly longer than those who did not (P less than 0.004). A majority of the responders (82%) also achieved symptomatic palliation. With appropriate dose modification and supportive care, MVP was tolerable. Further trials with this regimen or a modified version are worth consideration.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of a combination of mitomycin C, vincristine, and cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 394 Jun 22

Boatbuilding is a complex, chemically intensive industry which employs approximately 43,000 workers in the United States, 77% of them in shops with fewer than 20 workers. Boatbuilders and repairers are at high risk of occupational injury from falls, lacerations, low back trauma, repetitive motion, noise, burns, fires, and explosions. Also they are at risk of acute and chronic illness, including dermatitis, toxic hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic encephalopathy as a result of their occupational exposures to such materials as styrene, resins, solvents, paints, welding fumes, and coating systems. Boatbuilders also are exposed to toxic woods and to lead. Hazard recognition is the first step toward reduction of injury and disease in boat building. Control of recognized hazards is achieved through engineering controls, ventilation in particular, and through medical surveillance. Strong programs for injury prevention and for health and safety education will produce significant health and economic benefit in the boatbuilding industry.
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PMID:Safety and health in boatbuilding and repair. 405 Aug

During a study of peripheral nerve function in chronic renal failure, 11 patients who were being treated by chronic intermittent haemodialysis developed serum hepatitis. Before the infection there was a trend towards improvement in nerve conduction velocities. A pronounced deterioration in the conduction velocities in motor fibres of peripheral nerves occurred in association with hepatitis. In the months after recovery from the infection there was again a trend towards improvement in conduction velocities. We suggest that this reflects the occurrence of a peripheral neuropathy which is at least in part demyelinating. The neuropathy is related to the serum hepatitis, but its pathogenesis is indeterminate.
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PMID:Neuropathy associated with hepatitis in patients maintained on haemodialysis. 433 84

Chronic intermittent hemodialysis may relieve some medical problems of terminal uremia (for example, azotemia, acidosis, hypertension, neuro-muscular disorders, bleeding, pericarditis) to such a degree that many patients are able to resume their normal activity. There remain, however, problems which are not readily changed by hemodialysis (anemia, peripheral neuropathy, pruritus, sexual impotence, renal osteodystrophy). These, together with medical problems possibly caused by hemodialysis (for example, osmotic disequilibrium, errors in dialysate composition, hepatitis, hemosiderosis, isoimmunization from blood transfusions, shunt problems and psychological problems of dependency upon the artificial kidney) represent a limitation of the present type of hemodialysis therapy.
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PMID:Some medical problems of chronic hemodialysis. 486 55

Fifty-three patients with polyarteritis who were followed up for at least 2 years were defined clinically and studied retrospectively to determine the influence of clinical factors and treatment on the prognosis. There was a spectrum of severity of disease, and the 5-year survival in the group was 55%. A small number of patients had evidence of ongoing immune-complex disease, as indicated by the presence of cryoglobulins or hepatitis Bs antigen or by diminished serum complement. These markers were not associated with distinct clinical features and did not influence prognosis. Organ involvement that most adversely affected prognosis was that of the gut and the kidneys. Six of 8 patients with bowel infarction or serious gastrointestinal bleeding died, and 6 of 10 patients with renal insufficiency died. Hypertension and peripheral neuropathy did not influence the prognosis. Thirty-six patients were treated with corticosteroids alone and 14 with a combination of corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents (3 received no treatment); the outcome was the same in both groups. Twenty-two in the steroid-alone group and six in the combination group were alive when last seen. Early deaths were usually due to complications directly related to the vasculitis, and late deaths were often due to cerebrovascular or cardiovascular complications. At the last follow-up, 18 patients were in remission, and 13 had inactive vasculitic disease and were on maintenance treatment.
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PMID:Clinical features, prognosis, and response to treatment in polyarteritis. 610 26


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