Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors studied the data concerning 101 patients who had undergone erroneous laparotomy for suspected acute surgical disease; these accounted for 0.4% of all the patients who were operated on for emergency indications in the same period. Eleven patients died. The operation was undertaken for an erroneous diagnosis of acute appendicitis (32 patients), acute cholecystitis (18), perforating gastric ulcer (15), peritonitis of unknown etiology (14), acute intestinal obstruction (5), strangulated hernia (3), destructive pancreatitis (3), tumor of the large intestine complicated by obstruction (3), abdominal abscess (2), thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels (1), ovarian apoplexy (1), closed abdominal trauma with injury to the viscera (4 patients). Diseases simulating the clinical picture of "acute abdomen" but not requiring an emergency operation were as follows: female reproductive (20 patients), pancreatic (11), renal diseases (11), hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver (10), cardiovascular (9), pulmonary diseases (5), mesoadenitis (5), Crohn's disease (3), chronic colitis (3), carcinomatosis of the peritoneum (3), herpes zoster (3), and other diseases and injuries (20 patients). The main causes of the diagnostic and tactical errors were objective difficulties in the differential diagnosis due to similar symptomatology, as well as errors in the examination of the patient and haste in making a decision to make an operation.
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PMID:[Erroneous laparotomy in emergency surgery]. 177 33

We proposed a hypothesis of disintegrated Ca-homeostasis underlying chronic alcoholism from our clinical viewpoints, and we suggest that the clinical features of alcoholism result from hypocalcemia or hypocalcemia induced by hypomagnesemia. Since the alcoholism brings on the divergent symptoms and signs, various diagnoses are made even for one patient, such as hypertension, cardiomyopathy, hepatitis, pancreatitis, Parkinsonian syndrome, neuropathy, muscle atrophy, epilepsy and osteoporosis. We speculate that these pathological conditions could be interpreted unitarily and systematically by hypothesis of Ca-abnormality.
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PMID:[Alcoholic dementia and divalent ions: derangement of calcium-homeostasis]. 178 56

The relationship between selected aspects of medical history and the risk of colorectal cancer was analysed using data from a case-control study of 673 cases of colon cancer, 405 of rectal cancer and 1501 controls in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-digestive tract conditions, unrelated to known or suspected risk factor for large bowel cancer. Significantly elevated risks (RR) were observed for history of cholelithiasis (RR = 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.1] for colon; 1.6 [1.2-6.4] for rectum) and diabetes (1.6 [1.1-2.3] for colon; 1.3 [0.8-2.0] for rectum), and a significant protection emerged for history of drug allergy (0.6 [0.4-0.9] for colon; 0.6 [0.5-1.0] for rectum). No significant association was found with thyroid disease, gastroduodenal ulcer, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastrectomy, appendicectomy, treatment with cimetidine/ranitidine, treatment with chenodesoxycholic acid or with blood transfusions. The associations with cholelithiasis, diabetes and drug allergy were not materially modified by allowance for major identified potential confounding factors, and were not restricted to the diseases diagnosed within 5 or 10 years before large bowel cancer diagnosis. Thus, the analysis of this large dataset offered further quantitative evidence suggesting a possible, however moderate, association between gallbladder disease and colorectal cancer risk, which may be related to enhanced or continuous secretion of secondary bile acids. The associations with diabetes and drug allergy were unexpected, and probably indirect, lacking previous epidemiological support or any obvious biological interpretation. Thus, they should be simply regarded as working hypotheses worthy of further consideration.
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PMID:History of selected diseases and the risk of colorectal cancer. 182 66

We report here three recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in whom visceral varicella-zoster virus infection preceded cutaneous dissemination producing life-threatening complications including hepatitis, pancreatitis and haemorrhage.
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PMID:Abdominal presentation of varicella-zoster infection in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 151 Dec 59

Ultrasound examinations of 563 patients with right upper quadrant pain and a clinical suspicion of acute cholecystitis were reviewed. In 31 patients, a tender, dilated gall-bladder with a thick (more than 4 mm) partly hypoechoic wall without any detectable calculi was found on the emergency examination. This was interpreted as due to acute acalculous cholecystitis. None of the patients was critically ill. Twenty-one of the patients had follow-up studies with either oral cholecystography, cholangiography, or ultrasound. Fourteen of the 21 had gall-bladder calculi while seven did not. These seven patients presumably represent the true frequency (1.2%) of acute acalculous cholecystitis in this clinical setting. In five other patients with an initial diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis the gall-bladder wall thickening probably was secondary to concomitant pancreatitis, appendicitis, hepatitis or peptic ulcer disease. A meticulous and careful search for gall-bladder calculi should be performed in the presence of a dilated, tender thick-walled gall-bladder.
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PMID:The clinical importance of a thick-walled, tender gall-bladder without stones on ultrasonography. 187 51

The study was designed to determine the prevalence of alcoholism/problem drinking among emergency medical admissions. Of 203 emergency admissions to two medical wards, 18% were found to be problem drinkers, using the brief Michigan alcoholic screening test (MAST) questionnaire. Problem drinking was found in 31% of males and 5% of females. Most drinking was done with friends (77%) and at the "rum shop" (62%). Fifty-one per cent of problem drinkers started between the ages of sixteen and twenty years. Seventy per cent of all problem drinkers had a first degree family relative who drank compared to 28% of non-drinkers. A high prevalence of alcoholism (48%) was found among smokers. Housestaff detected just over half of male (56%) and female (60%) alcoholics who were MAST-positive. Medical diagnoses among MAST-positive patients were gastrointestinal (cirrhosis, pancreatitis and hepatitis) in 32%, neurological (delirium tremens, seizures and subdural hematoma) in 27% and cardiovascular (cardiomyopathy, heart failure and dysrhythmias) in 16%. The detected level of problem drinking is likely to cause significant morbidity, and allows an important opportunity for intervention. The use of questionnaire methods to screen for alcoholism needs further evaluation in the region.
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PMID:Questionnaire detection of problem drinkers among acute medical admissions. 189 23

Gastrointestinal complications after heart and heart-lung transplantation are being recognized and reported more frequently in the literature as a cause of significant morbidity. Between July 1983 and December 1989, 131 consecutive patients underwent 133 heart or heart-lung transplant procedures at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Immunosuppression consisted of either cyclosporine and prednisone or cyclosporine, prednisone, and azathioprine. Twenty-eight patients (21%) had 38 gastrointestinal complications, including visceral perforations (n = 6), gastrocutaneous fistula (n = 1), retroperitoneal abscess (n = 1), cholecystitis (n = 5), gastric atony (n = 1), perianal abscess (n = 1), gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 4), esophagitis (n = 2), pancreatitis (n = 2), pancreatic abscess (n = 2), hepatitis (n = 2), cytomegalovirus infection (n = 3), and diarrhea (n = 8). Among this group of 28 patients, 17 operative procedures were needed by 13 patients (46%), for an incidence of major abdominal procedures in the entire transplant cohort of 10% (13/131). Operations included cholecystectomy (n = 5), colon resection with colostomy (n = 3), closure of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer (n = 3) and repair of gastrocutaneous fistula (n = 1), drainage of pancreatic abscess (n = 2), pyloroplasty (n = 1) and incision and drainage of perianal abscess (n = 1). The operative mortality rate was 8% (1/13). Overall survival in patients with gastrointestinal complications was no different than that in the entire transplant population. Age, gender, race, and number of rejection episodes did not correlate with the presence of gastrointestinal complications. Patients with gastrointestinal pathologic conditions necessitating surgery often had atypical presentations, with subtle clinical findings but with common general surgical problems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complications in heart and in heart-lung transplant patients. 191 97

We performed a phase I study of escalating dosages of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (didanosine; ddI) in 19 patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex in order (1) to establish the maximal tolerated dosage, (2) to determine the nature of toxic adverse effects, (3) to measure changes in levels of circulating human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen and in CD4+ cell counts, and (4) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ddI. Almost all patients had received zidovudine therapy previously. The maximal tolerated dosage of ddI was found to be approximately 12 mg/(kg.d) when it was administered orally for 28 weeks. The major dosage-limiting adverse effects encountered were neuropathy, pancreatitis, and hepatitis. These occurred at dosages higher than those associated with decreases in levels of p24 antigen. The major toxic effects of ddI are different from those associated with zidovudine. At the proper dosage, ddI may prove to be an effective agent for the chronic treatment of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and should be especially useful in the treatment of patients who cannot tolerate zidovudine.
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PMID:Phase I study of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine: experience with 19 patients at New York University Medical Center. 197 25

To evaluate the long-term toxicity and activity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, in vitro. 58 patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex were studied with additional reference to the effect of previous treatment with zidovudine, and the effect of ddI on HIV-induced cognitive dysfunction. Doses above 9.6 mg/kg per day of ddI were frequently associated with toxicity (peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, or hepatitis). Doses of 9.6 mg/kg per day or below were well tolerated for up to 21 months. A subset of patients receiving 3.2-9.6 mg/kg per day of ddI had long-term immunological improvement and reduction of serum HIV p24 antigen. Immunological changes were especially seen in patients who had little previous zidovudine therapy. 5 patients with HIV-induced cognitive impairment improved with ddI. Thus, ddI may have anti-HIV activity at doses which are tolerated for long-term therapy, although pancreatitis could be a life-threatening complication.
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PMID:Long-term toxicity/activity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in AIDS or AIDS-related complex. 197 29

Sonographic identification of thickening of the gallbladder wall that consists of multiple striations (alternate hypoechoic and hyperechoic layers) has been considered strong evidence of the presence of acute cholecystitis. We studied 27 patients in whom sonograms showed striated thickening of the gallbladder wall to determine the diagnostic significance of this finding. Striations were classified as focal or diffuse. Sonograms were correlated with pathologic findings in 16 patients and with clinical diagnoses and laboratory findings in 11. Patients were categorized as having cholecystitis with or without gangrene or edema of the gallbladder wall unrelated to gallbladder disease. Striated thickening of the gallbladder wall was due to cholecystitis in 10 patients, and all 10 had gangrenous changes at surgery or at pathologic examination. Striations were focal in eight of these patients and diffuse in two. Striated thickening of the gallbladder wall was due to edema of the wall unrelated to gallbladder disease in 17 patients. Causes included congestive heart failure (n = 4), renal failure (n = 5), liver disease (hepatic failure [n = 1], hepatitis [n = 6]), ascites (n = 2), hypoalbuminemia (n = 3), pancreatitis (n = 1), blockage of the lymphatic/venous drainage of the gallbladder (n = 2), and prominent Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (n = 1). More than one abnormality was present in five patients. Striations were focal in 11 of these patients and diffuse in six. The sonographic finding of striated gallbladder wall thickening is no more specific for cholecystitis than the observation of gallbladder wall thickening by itself, and it may occur in a variety of diseases. However, in the clinical setting of acute cholecystitis, the presence of striations suggests gangrenous changes in the gallbladder. The extent of the striations (focal or diffuse) is not useful in predicting the cause of the striated gallbladder wall thickening.
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PMID:Sonography of the gallbladder: significance of striated (layered) thickening of the gallbladder wall. 201 56


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