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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper presents the maternal mortality rates in St. Mary's Hospital Urua Akpan from the period of 1979-1985 excluding (1981 Author on leave). 70% of maternal deaths were among unbooked local Annang women who lived within a radius of 15-20 miles from the hospital. They had been attended to by traditional birth attendant (TBAs) and referred too late. The maternal rate decreased from 10/1000 in 1979 to 4/1000 in 1985. The main causes of maternal death during this period include ruptured uterus, septicemia, hepatitis, hemorrhage, eclampsia, and hypertension/nephritis. A community survey (190 interviewed women) revealed that up to 50% of women still prefer to deliver at home and are attended to by TBAs. A training program for TBAs in the Local Government Area (LGA) was started in June 1983. Each course lasted 3 months in which basic instruction in hygiene, simple antenatal care, labor and its complications, and care of mother and child was given. Since starting the program, the TBAs have referred 320 patients with medical pregnancies, vacuum, and symphysiotomy. From 1983-1986, there were 38 perinatal deaths and 2 maternal deaths among the TBAs referrals. Since 1983, the maternal death rate and morbidity have fallen especially among women from the LGA; maternal mortality declined 50% among these women which account for only 30% of the total hospital births/year. Furthermore, 16,000 children have been vaccinated. The beneficial aspects of TBA training include observing the principles of hygiene, early referral of patients to hospital, encouraging village children to come for vaccinations and generally using their influence in the cultural, ritual and religious life of traditional society to become good health educators.
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PMID:Training traditional birth attendants reduces maternal mortality and morbidity. 1217 76

We report a female patient with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), hyperbilirubinemia and high serum value of ALT. International autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) score showed definite AIH before treatment, but autoantibodies could not make a differential diagnosis of AIH and SLE-associated hepatitis. Liver biopsy showed periportal hepatitis with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, but neither parenchymal collapse nor rosette formation could be found. Pericarditis, pleuritis and nephritis were improved as well as liver injury after administration of prednisolone, and no repeated attack has been present these 4 years. Our case suggested invalidity of AIH score among patients of SLE, and liver histology should be inferred most important at present to make a differential diagnosis of lupus hepatitis or AIH in patients with SLE.
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PMID:Autoimmune hepatitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 1450 18

An examination is needed of the potential adverse effects of the agents most commonly used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Most of these therapies can be used safely to induce or maintain remissions, although some aspects of monitoring for toxicity are necessary. Aminosalicylates, including sulfasalazine and mesalamine delivery systems, are most commonly associated with sulfa-related effects (sulfasalazine) or intolerance, with rare instances of nephritis, pulmonitis, hepatitis, or worsening colitis. The immunomodulators are most commonly associated with bone marrow suppression, hepatitis, and the risk of opportunistic infections. Methotrexate is contraindicated in pregnancy. Antibiotics used for inflammatory bowel disease are generally safe and well tolerated, although metronidazole carries a long-term risk of peripheral neuropathy. The well-recognized multitude of adverse effects from corticosteroids are eliminated or minimized when rapidly metabolized steroids, such as budesonide, are used.
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PMID:Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: safety and tolerability issues. 1469 14

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is now recognised as the causal agent of porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), an economically important wasting disease of young pigs [J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 12 (2000) 3]. Gross lesions of PMWS include generalised lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, nephritis and pneumonia and typical histological lesions include lymphocytic depletion and multinucleated giant cell formation in lymph nodes, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, and multifocal lymphohistocytic interstitial pneumonia. This communication will review the results of experimental infections of gnotobiotic (GN), colostrum-deprived (CD) and colostrum-fed (CF) pigs within our group, and elsewhere, with PCV2 and the conclusions that can be drawn from this work.
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PMID:PMWS: experimental model and co-infections. 1474 Nov 29

Adenoviruses are responsible for a broad range of clinical diseases that may be associated with high mortality, including pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephritis, and gastroenteritis in immunocompromised patients, including HIV-infected individuals. Here we report the identification of halo-substituted stavudine phenyl phosphoramidate derivatives as a new class of dual-function anti-HIV agents with potent and selective anti-adenovirus (ADV) activity. We examined the investigational stavudine phenyl phosphoramidate derivative stampidine and 12 structurally similar stavudine derivatives for anti-ADV activity. All 13 derivatives of stavudine, including stampidine, were substantially more potent than stavudine and inhibited ADV-induced plaque formation at nanomolar IC(50) values. Compounds with halo substitutions in the phenyl ring as well as the unsubstituted compound 607 were more potent than compounds with methoxy, methyl, or cyano substitutions. Compound 113 (stampidine) with a 4-Br substitution and compound 609 with a 4-Cl substitution were identified as the most potent lead anti-ADV agents. Compound 113/Stampidine inhibited ADV-induced plaque formation in skin fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent fashion with a mean (+/-S.E.M.) IC(50) value of 17 +/- 2 nM without any evidence of cytotoxicity even at 100 microM. Similarly, compound 609 inhibited ADV-induced plaque formation with an IC(50) value of 27 +/- 3 nM. We next sought to determine if the lead compounds 113 and 609 can also inhibit other viruses. Both compounds exhibited potent anti-HIV activity at nanomolar concentrations. However, neither compound exhibited any antiviral activity against non-HIV viruses, including Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Type I or Type II herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus ECHO 30, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (IC(50) > 100 microM). The remarkable anti-ADV potency of the lead compounds stampidine and compound 609 warrants the further development of these promising new antiviral agents for possible clinical use in ADV infected patients.
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PMID:Phenyl phosphoramidate derivatives of stavudine as anti-HIV agents with potent and selective in-vitro antiviral activity against adenovirus. 1505 Nov 70

The isolation, cultivation and characterization of three chicken astroviruses (CAstV) isolates are described. They are antigenically related to each other but unrelated to avian nephritis virus (ANV) and duck hepatitis virus type 2 (DVH2) in neutralization, immunofluorescence and gel diffusion tests. CAstV, ANV and DVH2 all grew well in the LMH cell line, which was used for assay and serological tests. Serological surveys in 1982 and 2001 showed that antibody to CAstV virus was widespread in broiler and broiler breeder flocks and present in some turkey flocks. Infection of 1-day-old specific pathogen free chicks with one isolate in the laboratory resulted in mild diarrhoea and some distention of the small intestine. The virus could be isolated in high titres from all parts of the small intestine but rarely from other organs. Electron microscopic examination of purified particles of this agent revealed the presence of clusters of small round viruses with a diameter ranging from 25 to 30 nm. The amino acid sequence derived from the relatively conserved non-structural polyprotein region of this virus shows 62% identity with the corresponding region of turkey astrovirus 2, 58% identity with turkey astrovirus 1, 55% identity with avian nephritis virus and 33% identity with sheep astroviruses. Taken together, the results indicate that the agent is a new chicken astrovirus belonging to the family Astroviridae.
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PMID:The isolation and characterisation of astroviruses from chickens. 1522 68

Recent outbreaks of haemorrhagic nephritis enteritis in geese flocks of 3 to 10 weeks in age in Hungary were investigated. Mortality varied between 4% and 67%. Affected birds generally died suddenly. Occasional clinical signs included tremors of the head and neck, subcutaneous haemorrhages and excretion of faeces containing partly digested blood. At necropsy the most frequent findings were a turgid wall and reddish mucosa of the intestines and reddish discolouration of the swollen kidneys, but oedema and haemorrhages of the subcutaneous connective tissue, hydropericardium and ascites were also seen. In subacute cases, visceral gout was frequently observed. Histological examination revealed zonal necrosis of the tubular epithelial cells with haemorrhages in the kidney. Other histological findings were serous hepatitis with fatty infiltration, necrotizing haemorrhagic enteritis and haemorrhages in the different organs including the brain. Experimental geese infected parenterally with crude liver and spleen homogenates prepared from diseased birds died after 8 to 20 days without premonitory signs, and had typical gross and histological lesions. Attempts to isolate cytopathic virus on different tissue cultures failed. The presence of polyomavirus was proven by polymerase chain reaction. Five isolates were further investigated by analysing their complete VP1 gene sequence. All tested strains were very closely related to each other on the basis of the nucleotide sequence, and they were identical at the deduced amino acid level.
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PMID:Epizootic occurrence of haemorrhagic nephritis enteritis virus infection of geese. 1527 95

A 4-year-old male Boxer dog with a history of vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss moved from West Africa to Lyon, France, where it was further evaluated. Radiographs revealed pleural effusion and enlargement of tracheobronchial lymph nodes and liver. Cytologic examination of the pleural effusion and a fine needle aspirate specimen of the liver showed mixed mononuclear inflammation with nonstaining rod structures within epithelioid histiocytes. At necropsy, the main gross pathologic findings were exudative pleuritis, nodular hepatitis, and infarcts and caseous nodules in the kidneys. The main histologic lesions were granulomatous hepatitis, granulomatous pneumonia, fibrinous leukocytic pleuritis, necrotic and fibro-calcified granulomatous lymphadenitis, and granulomatous nephritis. A Ziehl-Neelsen stain applied to both cytologic and histologic samples was positive for acid-fast bacilli. Bacterial culture of the pleural fluid was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cytology is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of this important zoonotic disease.
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PMID:Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a dog from Africa. 1533 56

Several extrahepatic manifestations are associated with chronic HBV infection, many with significant morbidity and mortality. The cause of these extrahepatic manifestations is generally believed to be immune mediated. PAN is a rare, but serious, systemic complication of chronic HBV affecting the small- and medium-sized vessels. PAN is seen more frequently in North American and European patients and rarely in Asian patients. PAN ultimately involves multiple organ systems, some with devastating consequences, though the hepatic manifestations are often more mild. The optimal treatment of HBV-associated PAN is thought to include a combination of antiviral and immunosuppressive therapies. HBV-associated GN occurs mainly in children, predominantly males, in HBV endemic areas of the world, but is only occasionally reported in the United States. In children, GN is usually self-limited with only rare progression to renal failure. In adults, the natural disease course of GN may be more relentless, slowly progressing to renal failure. Immunosuppressive therapy in HBV-related GN is not recommended, but antiviral therapy with alpha-interferon has shown promise. The serum-sickness like "arthritis-dermatitis" prodrome is seen in approximately one third of patients acquiring HBV. The joint and skin manifestations are varied, but the syndrome spontaneously resolves at the onset of clinical hepatitis with few significant sequelae. Occasionally, arthritis following the acute prodromal infection may persist; however, joint destruction is rare. The association between HBV and mixed essential cryoglobulinemia remains controversial; but a triad of purpura, arthralgias, and weakness, which can progress to nephritis, pulmonary disease, and generalized vasculitis, has characterized the syndrome. Finally, skin manifestations of HBV infection typically present as palpable purpura. Though papular acrodermatitis of childhood has been reported to be caused by chronic HBV, this association remains controversial.
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PMID:Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis B. 1548 47

A 17-year-old male presenting with chronic renal failure whose supporting clinical manifestations of the disease had appeared independently over a four-year period is reported. The renal biopsy specimen of the patient revealed tubulointerstitial nephritis and membranous glomerulonephritis. He never had hilar adenopathy, but maculopapular rashes, erythema nodosum, arthritis, chronic lymphocytopenia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenomegaly had been observed at different periods over four years. The presence of non-caseating granulomatous lesions in the liver biopsy accompanying uveitis verified the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Low dose steroid was applied to this hepatitis-C carrier, and uveitis was suppressed. No recurrence has been observed in two-year follow-up.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis with an uncommon presentation: apropos of a case. 1564 Dec 74


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