Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clonal origins of 20 multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in four woodchucks were analyzed by the Southern blot hybridization technique. The woodchucks were divided into two groups according to the morphological classification of multifocal tumors: 1) three woodchucks had multifocal tumors that were widely separated and similar in size, which suggests a multiclonal origin of the tumors; and 2) one woodchuck had ten small multifocal tumors surrounding two large main tumors, which indicated intrahepatic metastasis from an original tumor. Results from the first group demonstrated that the number of integrated woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNAs differed from tumor to tumor, and none of the bands were the same size. In the second group, eight of the ten small tumors surrounding the two large tumors showed the same pattern of WHV DNA integration. One demonstrated an additional band and also shared the same bands with the other tumors, and one small tumor had a different pattern of integration from the others. It was concluded that the clone dissimilarity demonstrated by hybridization patterns does not necessarily mean that HCCs originate independently from different clones, because genetic changes may occur after or at the time of metastasis.
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PMID:Clonal origin of mammalian hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. 216 61

Sera obtained from patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis were examined for the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome by using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, as well as for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also examined the presence of HCV RNA in liver tissue obtained by surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Among 33 patients, HCV RNA was detectable in 21 (64%), and the antibody was also positive in 21 (64%). Eighteen (55%) patients were positive for both assays. The two assays gave inconsistent results in 3 patients who were positive for HCV RNA but negative for anti-HCV, and in 3 other patients who were negative for HCV RNA and positive for anti-HCV. HCV RNA was also detected in 6 out of 10 non-cancerous liver tissue specimens and in 3 out of 7 tumor tissue specimens. Using the polymerase chain reaction, the HCV genome was detected directly in many specimens obtained from patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis, suggesting the presence of replicating virus in patients positive for anti-HCV. In addition, the differing results of the two assay systems suggest that the application of both is important for evaluation of the status of HCV infection.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in sera and liver tissues of non-A, non-B hepatitis patients using the polymerase chain reaction. 217 95

Forty-two cases with Wilms' tumor encountered in the National Taiwan University Hospital from 1978 through 1989 were retrospectively reviewed. Included were 19 boys and 23 girls, with an age range at diagnosis from 7 days to 10 years; a majority were in the first 6 years of life. The presenting symptoms and signs included: abdominal mass (89.2%), hypertension (57.9%), hematuria (28.2%), gastrointestinal symptoms (26.3%), fever (24.3%), and body weight loss (21.6%). The initial laterality of tumor was 28 right and 14 left, with one contralateral and one ipsilateral relapse. One extrarenal Wilms' tumor (right inguinal lymph nodes) was encountered. Every case was confirmed by pathology. Histologic findings included typical Wilms' tumor (35/42), rhabdoid (3/42), anaplastic (3/42), and clear cell (1/42) types. The common sites of metastasis were lung, liver and bone. Major complications during or following therapy were severe pancytopenia, ileus, sepsis or pneumonia, delayed wound healing and tumor rupture with hemorrhage. Rare complications included irradiation hepatitis (venooclusive disease) and colitis. There were 20 deaths. The causes of death were respiratory or hepatic failure due to tumor metastasis, sepsis and internal hemorrhage. Mortality (19/20) usually occurred within two years after diagnosis and therapy. The two-year's relapse-free survival and two-year's survival rates were 51.2% and 53.7%, respectively.
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PMID:Clinical observation of Wilms' tumor. 217 35

Ultrasonography has a primary role in the imaging of biliary disease. Most cases are straightforward, but the authors emphasize unusual manifestations, uncommon diseases, and artifacts that may present diagnostic challenges. Issues in differential diagnosis are discussed for the following findings: internal gallbladder echoes (calculi vs tumefactive sludge, air, hematobilia, parasitic infestation, cholecystosis, neoplasia, and artifacts), gallbladder wall thickening (acute cholecystitis vs acalculous cholecystitis, artifacts, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, hepatitis, and sclerosing cholangitis), pericholecystic fluid (cholecystitis vs ascites, perforated ulcer, and trauma), bile duct dilatation (biliary obstruction vs sclerosing cholangitis, biliary air, anomalous portal system, biliary atresia, Caroli disease, and cholangiocarcinoma), perinatal and neonatal biliary disease, and sclerosing cholangitis.
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PMID:Pitfalls and differential diagnosis in biliary sonography. 218 99

An overview about drug-induced liver injury is presented. The most frequent changes of the hepatocytes are those of the organelles, which are adaptive at the beginning, but in later stages they can develop to degenerative alterations leading to necrosis. Cases of drug-induced hepatitis simulating all types of non-suppurative hepatitis are a major problem of diagnosis. Bile duct lesions can include pure cholestasis, cholangiolitis and destruction of intrahepatic ducts. Drug-induced vascular lesions including tumours can be found as isolated phenomenon or in association with other signs of drug-induced liver damage. Hyperplasia (focal or diffuse) and neoplasia of the liver can develop in the course of a longstanding application of some drugs.
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PMID:[Drug-induced liver damage from the morphologic viewpoint]. 220 23

Intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy (IAHC) with adriamycin (ADM) has not increased its therapeutic index. For our preclinical studies, we selected pirarubicin (THP), an ADM derivative with faster cellular uptake. In rabbits with VX2 tumor in the liver we compared plasmatic and cellular pharmacokinetics of ADM and THP after i.v. and IAH therapy. For ADM, there were no differences in plasma and heart concentrations, with only a slight increase in tumoral levels after IAH compared to i.v. administration; on the other hand, with IAH THP, there was important reduction in systemic exposure with a major increase in tumoral drug distribution. In the phase I study, involving nine patients with implanted catheters, the starting dose of THP was 30 mg/m2 with a 10 mg/m2 intrapatient escalation every 3 weeks in the absence of toxicity. Pharmacokinetics were compared for i.v. and IAH administration in seven patients. The limiting toxicity was neutropenia and the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) ranged from 50 to 110 mg/m2. Moderate nausea-vomiting (grade 1-2) and alopecia (grade 1) occurred at the MTD. No arterial occlusion, gastroduodenal ulcer, hepatitis, or sclerosing cholangitis were seen. In the phase II study, in colorectal cancer patients (CRC) with metastasis confined to the liver, patients were enrolled until June 1990. THP (40 min infusion every 3 weeks) was initiated at 60 mg/m2 with 10 mg/m2 increment until grade 2 hematotoxicity. The median MTD was 85 mg/m2 (range of 60-120 mg/m2), and the median number of cycles was 7 (range of 2-11) with cumulated doses from 180 to 1,030 mg/m2. Grade 2-4 neutropenia was reached in 15 patients. Other toxicities included two arterial occlusions, one episode of gastritis, but no hepatic toxicity and no heart failure. Antitumor effect (in 18 patients) included 1 CR, 5 PR, 3 MR, 6 NC, and 3 PD. The median survival was 18+ months and 1-year survival was 73% +/- 12%. Seven patients had extrahepatic progression at this time. In conclusion, besides 5-FU or Fudr, THP is active in IAHC (probably in relation with high local extraction) on CRC liver metastases usually unresponsive to ADM. It can be given in an outpatient setting with minimal toxicity.
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PMID:Intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy with pirarubicin. Preclinical and clinical studies. 229 52

In this study, the author intended to examine the validity of the inhaled hydrogen gas clearance method (i-H2) for determination of the hepatic blood flow (HBF), and also to show some applicabilities of the method in experimental animals and patients with liver diseases. Simultaneous determinations of HBF by i-H2 and electromagnetic flowmetry in rabbits revealed an excellent correlation between the values obtained by the two methods. Moreover, HBF in rabbits measured by i-H2 varied in parallel with that by thermocouple flowmetry or laser Doppler velocimetry after administration of norepinephrine, propranolol or glucagon. In carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, HBF measured by i-H2 correlated better with the severity of damage in the sinusoidal structure than the severity of hepatic cell injury or the serum levels of transaminases. HBF as determined by i-H2 was significantly decreased in acute hepatitis (AH), chronic inactive hepatitis (CIH), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), liver cirrhosis (LC) and fatty liver. Reduced HBF in AH returned to normal during recovery of the disease. The ratio of HBF in tumor/normal tissue was greater than 1.0 for hepatocellular carcinoma in contrast to the ratio of less than 1.0 for metastatic liver carcinoma. Propranolol caused a decrease in HBF by 31%, and vasopressin by 39% in patients with CIH or LC. In contrast, glucagon induced its increase by 65%, 35% and 17%, respectively, in patients with CIH, AH and LC.
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PMID:[Measurement of hepatic blood flow by the hydrogen gas clearance method. Experimental and clinical observations]. 236 96

Serial monitoring of the serum content of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (alpha FP) is useful in the initial staging of germ cell tumors and assessing the response to treatment. An increase in either marker during or following treatment almost always heralds disease progression and indicates the need for additional therapy. We report two patients in whom substantial increases in the serum content of AFP occurred during chemotherapy for advanced seminoma. Hepatic dysfunction was present in both patients; in one patient, a chronic carrier of hepatitis B virus, the liver dysfunction was associated with reactivation of hepatitis B manifested by anicteric hepatitis and hepatitis B e antigen positivity. Marked tumor regression had occurred in both patients, and chemotherapy was discontinued in spite of the elevated alpha FP level. The alpha FP content in the serum gradually returned to normal, and hepatic dysfunction resolved. Both patients remain free of disease 15 and 17 months following the last chemotherapy treatment. These cases illustrate that hepatic dysfunction and alpha FP production may occur during chemotherapy and that increases in serum alpha FP content must be interpreted with caution since the elevated alpha FP level does not always indicate progression of germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Reversible increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein content associated with hepatic dysfunction during chemotherapy for seminoma. 241 88

Fifty-five patients with bile duct carcinoma have been treated at the Vanderbilt University, Metropolitan Nashville General, and Baptist Hospitals since 1957. Thirty-eight per cent (21) of the patients had tumors arising in the upper third of the bile duct; eight (15%) were in the middle third, and ten (18%) were in the lower third. In 12 instances, the malignant process involved both the middle and lower thirds of the bile duct, and in four cases, the extent of the tumor was too great to determine its origin. Most patients (49) presented with jaundice. Thirty (54%) also had pain, and 43 (24%) had experienced some weight loss. Fifteen had hepatomegaly, but only eight were found to have an enlarged gallbladder upon physical exam. Four patients (7%) had a positive history for hepatitis. Resection of the tumor was possible in 19 patients (35%). Decompressive procedures and biopsies were done in 25 of the others. Decompression was not possible in 11 patients. Survival for the 11 patients whose tumors were only biopsied averaged 4.6 months. Of the 25 patients who had palliative decompression, average survival has been 7.7 months. The 19 patients who had resection of their tumors survived an average of 2.08 years. Six of these patients are alive from 1-9 years post-diagnosis. Recently, a more aggressive surgical approach to bile duct carcinoma has been successful and has affected possible cure in ten patients of 19 in whom resection was possible and offered prolonged palliation to many of the other patients.
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PMID:An aggressive surgical approach to bile duct cancer. 242 Feb 44

Allomyrina dichotoma lectin (allo A) with a specificity to beta-D-galactose was used to fractionate human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by affinity electrophoresis. AFP from cord sera and serum of a patient with fulminant hepatitis showed single bands with a high affinity for allo A. Some patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and patients with gastric cancer and yolk sac tumor had two additional AFP bands, one weakly reactive and the other nonreactive with allo A. Patterns of AFP bands obtained with Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin from Phaseolus vulgaris were entirely different from those obtained with allo A. Of the two common bands reactive with RCA-I, the weakly reactive one was relatively intense in some malignant patients and the strongly reactive one was detected in patients with extrahepatic tumors. Thus, affinity electrophoresis with those lectins provides a potentially useful adjunct for the discrimination between benign and malignant conditions with increased serum levels of AFP.
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PMID:Allomyrina dichotoma lectin-nonreactive alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumors: comparison with Ricinus communis agglutinin-I. 242 91


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