Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 2175 patients seen over the last three years in a non-specialized department of internal medicine with no intensive care unit, 100 had supranormal serum lactic dehydrogenase activities. These patients' case-reports have been analyzed. Nearly half the patients (47/100) had a malignant disease (cancer or hemopathy). Among the remaining patients, 19 had a hepatic disorder (alcohol hepatitis in 10, viral hepatitis in 8, and isoniazide hepatitis in 1), 7 had a heart disease (heart failure with hepatomegaly in 5, myocardial infarction in 2), and 27 had various other conditions (including hemolysis in 6 and polymyositis en 3). The value of serum LDH assay is obvious in situations other than acute conditions such as myocardial infarction of pulmonary embolism; these are better known and have not been studied here as their prevalence was low among the patients enlisted in our study. In comparison to other enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), transaminases (GOT, GPT) that were also routinely assayed in our patients, abnormal serum LDH activities are much less common and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum LDH activity indicates a serious condition, often with a fatal outcome. The "various other conditions" group includes patients with hemolysis, hepatitis and myositis; the other patients in this group either had severe infectious diseases or died suddenly in the first few days of their hospitalization before diagnosis had been established. Each etiologic group has been analyzed to asses the characteristics of patients with increased LDH activity according to each etiology. Analysis of coincident abnormalities of the other enzymes listed above shows marked differences between etiologic groups; diagnostic accuracy can thus be enhanced in certain conditions. Most patients with malignancies had poorly differentiated tumors, with metastases: 28 had an epithelial tumor, with hepatic and/or bone metastases in 23 cases, 5 had cancer of the liver, 10 had a malignant hemopathy (2 lymphomas, 5 myeloproliferative syndromes, 3 acute leukemias), and 4 had a sarcoma. Cancer of the lung is the most common malignancy (10 cases) and may be responsible for increased serum LDH activity even in patients without metastases. Serum LDH assay is of value for monitoring the course in patients with initially increased activities as it falls under effective therapy and rises during exacerbations.
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PMID:[Value and diagnostic significance of serum lactic dehydrogenase in internal medicine (author's transl)]. 628 24

Disappointment with the results of systemic chemotherapy for treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases has led to renewed interest in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Forty adult patients underwent preoperative examination, operative staging of the extent of liver involvement, and surgical placement of an implantable pump with the catheter in the hepatic arterial system. Twenty-one patients were previously untreated. Hepatic involvement ranged from 15% to 85%; none of the patients had unresectable extrahepatic disease. Operative complications occurred in 10% of the patients; there were no deaths. Treatment morbidity consisted of gastrointestinal tract inflammation and/or ulceration (48%) and hepatitis (65%). Partial tumor responses occurred in nine of 18 previously untreated patients and five of 16 previously treated patients. Use of an implantable pump for long-term hepatic arterial chemotherapy was associated with improved patient acceptance, minimal operative morbidity, and substantial tumor response to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Long-term hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Anatomic considerations, operative technique, and treatment morbidity. 637 47

We compared light pen (LPEN) and Region of Interest (ROI) computer methods in determining spleen-to-liver (S/L) ratios both in anterior and posterior images in various liver diseases. The S/L ratio was independent of age or type of colloid used (equal particle size provided). Results with corresponding LPEN and ROI programs did not differ significantly from each other. The sensitivity and specificity were tested and the anterior view yielded somewhat better results than the posterior view but the best results were obtained when both projections were used. The sensitivity for all liver diseases was 60% and the corresponding specificity 93%. In hepatocellular diseases the sensitivity was 80-100%, but the S/L ration had only 37% sensitivity for hepatic metastases. Hepatomegaly in the anterior view was found in 67% of fatty liver cases, in 25% of cirrhosis cases, in 20% of hepatitis and in 25% of metastatic livers. Splenomegaly was noted in 39-54% of patients with hepatocellular diseases but only in 4-10% of metastatic diseases.
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PMID:The spleen-to-liver ratios in hepatic diseases. 653 Dec 14

In the present study, using systematic microscopic examination, we tried to determine the true incidence of metastases in nude mice bearing a wide variety of human tumors. A total of 63 malignant tumors were successfully transplanted subcutaneously and 831 nude mice bearing tumors were examined. It appeared that 17 of the 63 tumors (26.9%) retained their metastatic ability in nude mice. Most of these tumors were adenocarcinomas (11/17 cases). Generally the metastatic deposits in the lungs and, to a lesser extent, in the lymph nodes were small and thus only detectable on microscopic examination. We also found a positive correlation between the presence of metastases and neoplastic infiltration of the lymphatic and/or blood vessels around the subcutaneous tumors. Metastatic human tumors, including neoplastic cells from effusion, exhibited higher metastatic ability than primary tumors (p less than 0.005). However, the expression of this metastatic potential depends on several factors including tumor volume, survival time after inoculation and murine hepatitis infection. Thus, animals with metastases bore larger tumors (9.56 cm3) than those without metastasis (6.35 cm3; p less than 0.0001). Moreover, survival time after inoculation was longer in mice with metastases (104 days) than in mice without metastases (81 days; p less than 0.0001). A negative influence of viral hepatitis on the incidence of metastases was observed. This may simply be related to the shortened life span of the animals. Death due to this infection may precede the expression of the metastatic potential.
Invasion Metastasis 1984
PMID:Metastases of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. 653 93

The main side-effects of BCG vaccination by scarification in 511 patients with malignant melanoma since 1974 have been fatigue and exhaustion, swelling of the lymph-nodes, influenza-like symptoms, nausea and dizziness. Only in 8 patients were the side-effects more severe, requiring the cessation of treatment in some of them. One patient developed granulomatous hepatitis, another experienced a reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis. Allergic reactions occurred in two patients. A further patient developed recurrent erysipelas in the draining areas of the scarification. In two patients we observed continuous severe joint troubles, which were not due to metastatic disease. The eighth patient developed keloids at the vaccination sites on the upper arms. One third of the patients had no side-effects. Altogether vaccinations were tolerated well by most of the patients. Nearly all of them were able to work normally.
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PMID:[Side effects of BCG immune therapy in 511 patients with malignant melanoma]. 670 81

A brief description of the structure of collagen and the special features of each type of collagen, followed by a summary of its metabolism, serve as an introduction to the major pathological processes involving the collagen molecule; mutations, inflammatory syndrome bone diseases, basement membrane diseases. The measurement of hydroxyproline isomers in urine is the basic biochemical test for diseases involving the collagen molecule. 4-hydroxyproline is increased in bone disease of Paget and in cancerous metastases of bone, 3-hydroxyproline is increased in case of polycystic kidney. It is possible, but not very useful, to measure serum 4-hydroxyproline. Of more interest, is the radio-immunological measurement of the N-terminal extension of the type III procollagen molecule, which can differentiate ordinary hepatitis from cirrhogenous hepatitis. New and useful information can be gained from tissue biopsy: the proportion of the various types of collagen, the measurement of their hydroxylation and the activity of the enzymes acting on their biosynthesis.
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PMID:[Techniques for studying collagen in medical practice]. 676 Jul 52

The CT findings in three patients with radiation-induced hepatic injury are discussed. In each patient a sharply defined band of low density was identified within the liver in an area of prior radiation. The low density bands resolved on follow-up examination. Computed tomography is useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with suspected radiation hepatitis and in differentiating radiation change from metastatic disease.
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PMID:CT of radiation-induced hepatic injury. 677 63

CEA levels were determined in blood specimens from 14 persons suffering from fulminant hepatitis. Values ranged from 1.9 to 21 ng/ml with a mean of 7.0 ng/ml. All except one patient had a CEA level greater than 2.5 ng/ml, but only three exceeded 10 ng/ml. There was no correlation between single CEA levels and prognosis, routine liver chemistries, or histopathologic characterization of hepatic tissue obtained at postmortem examination. These data show that patients with fulminant hepatitis commonly had increased circulating levels of CEA, but these elevations were far less than may be found in patients with hepatic metastases. In severe hepatic dysfunction reduced hepatic clearance of CEA may be responsible for the increased levels.
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PMID:Circulating CEA levels in patients with fulminant hepatitis. 707 8

Circulating immune complexes have been described in viral hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis but their significance is unclear. Seventy-three patients with acute and chronic liver diseases were evaluated to determine the specificity of immune complex detection for a given liver disease. Immune complexes were measured by the fluid- and solid-phase Clq-binding assays. They were demonstrated frequently in all patients with liver disease, including those with viral hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, chronic active and persistent hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis and hepatic metastases. The presence of immune complexes was not specific for a given type of liver disease and did not correlate with hepatic dysfunction. We conclude that the detection of immune complexes is of no apparent diagnostic use in liver disease. Further evaluation of the antigen-antibody composition would be required to determine any pathogenic significance of the detected circulating immune complexes.
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PMID:Non-specificity of circulating immune complexes in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. 743 39

Between 1987 and 1991, 16 patients (13 females, three males; mean age 52.4 [33-73] years) with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) were treated according to a standardized surgical concept. The diagnostic work-up consisted of measuring serum gastrin levels, pre-operative localization by ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography, as well as extensive staging by laparotomy. As complete a tumour resection as possible was the aim of treatment in 15 patients, while in one patient it was to reduce the tumour mass. In six patients who had resection of a solitary tumour there was no evidence of recurrence after 6-42 months of follow-up. Exploration of the duodenum made it possible to identify and then remove a small gastrinoma of the duodenal wall in three patients. No gastrinoma was found in one patient despite extensive exploration. In a further four patients the laparotomy was purely exploratory, because diffuse metastasization was found. In four patients the primary tumour and, where present, the regional lymph nodes were removed, but the signs of ZES persisted, i.e. the intervention was merely palliative. In one female patient, reduction of tumour mass was necessary because the symptoms could not be controlled by conservative measures: she died postoperatively from toxic hepatitis. This experience indicates that standardized surgical intervention achieves potentially curative results in nearly 40% of patients. Including the duodenum in the surgical exploration allows the identification of even small gastrinomas of the duodenal wall. It is concluded that all patients with ZES but no evidence of diffuse metastases should undergo surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Standardized surgical concept for the diagnosis and therapy of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. 768 72


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