Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four hundred and thirty-eight patients who had suffered a thromboembolic stroke not less than two weeks or more than four months previously, were entered into a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to determine whether suloctidil (200 mg t.i.d.) would influence the subsequent recurrence of stroke, the occurrence of myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death. The two treatment groups were comparable at baseline with respect to important prognostic variables and there was good adherence to the study protocol during an average follow-up of 20 months. Significantly more patients complained of side-effects in the suloctidil group and more hepatotoxicity was also reported in the suloctidil group. Four cases of clinical hepatitis were suspected to be due to suloctidil, each of which was reversible on termination of study treatment; relative increases in SGOT and SGPT at three months in the suloctidil group were found to be mild and transient. The primary analysis of efficacy was based on the incidence of the first event of stroke, myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death, but excluding events that occurred more than 28 days after complete withdrawal from study medication for whatever reason. Thus, the primary analysis included 38 events in the suloctidil group and 47 in the placebo group (p = 0.17) representing a risk reduction of 24%. If total mortality is substituted for cardiovascular death, the corresponding figures are 47 in the suloctidil group and 58 in the placebo group (p = 0.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A secondary prevention, randomized trial of suloctidil in patients with a recent history of thromboembolic stroke. 298 58

The majority of epidemiological studies on the benefits and risks of oral contraceptive (OC) use have been conducted during the late 1960s and early 1970s when OCs had 50 mcg of estrogen. Based on these studies, the risk of death due to OC use for nonsmokers 35-39 years old was lower than using no contraceptive at all (14.1 deaths/100,000 women/year vs. 25.7 deaths/100,000 women/year). In addition to smoking, other contraindications include women with a history of angina, myocardial infarction, blood clots or stroke, estrogen dependent cancer, hypertension, a known lipid disorder, and women with hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver. Suitable 35 year old candidates for OC use would be nonsmokers with blood group O, at low risk for cardiovascular disease, and who might receive additional benefits, including those with severe dysmenorrhea or hypermenorrhea and possibly those who have a strong family history of osteoporosis, early menopause, or ovarian cancer. Practitioners should take a thorough history of these women and give a physical examination with a blood pressure check. They should also administer screening tests, such as a PAP test, mammograms, a lipoprotein profile, and a glucose test. After the practitioners have deemed these women to be healthy based on the examination and the results of the screening test, they then should prescribe only a low dose OC containing 50 mcg of estrogen. Today most estrogen based OCs contain 35 mcg and research on their effects have not yet begun. Scientists expect to find that the dose response effects for risks for thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, and gallbladder disease to be lower in users of the low dose preparations.
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PMID:Risks and benefits of oral contraceptive use in women over 35. 323 16

A 48 year-old-man, with fulminant hepatitis complicated with myocarditis was treated. Despite intensive care, he died of fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis B virus infection. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed myocardial infarction-like changes when he went into a deep coma. Microscopically, scattered foci of myocardial cell damage and cell death associated with clusters of inflammatory cells were present in the heart at autopsy. However, there were no findings related to myocardial infarction and staining for hepatitis B surface antigen and core antigen were nil. The concentration of plasma catecholamine was elevated concomitantly with high level of ECG changes. We consider that abnormal ECGs may reflect a hypersecretion of catecholamine and suggest that our patient had a catecholamine cardiopathy.
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PMID:Electrocardiographic changes related to hypersecretion of catecholamine in a patient with fulminant hepatitis. 341 84

Since April 1985, 82 patients with HCL entered a multicenter study using lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon; 51 (including 15 who failed splenectomy and 24 with substantial splenomegaly) enrolled before April 1986 are evaluated in this study. The patients were treated with 3 mega units daily subcutaneously until complete or partial response and were thereafter randomly allocated to a maintenance regime of 3 mega units/week or to observation only. Ten cases had a complete response, 18 a partial response, and 15 a minimal response. Two patients had no response, two interrupted therapy due to major toxicity (toxic hepatitis and thrombocytopenia), six died before completing 1 month of therapy of sepsis, and two died of myocardial infarction. In the two groups of splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients the mean time to hemoglobin recovery was 8.5 and 6.5 weeks, respectively, the neutrophil count recovery was 6.5 and 9.3 weeks, and the time to platelet count recovery was 4.0 and 5.4 weeks, respectively. No significant differences in recovery time and response rate were observed between the two groups. In 31 out of 32 patients with substantial splenomegaly the spleen became either inpalpable (18) or significantly smaller (13). This study confirms the responsiveness of HCL to IFN in nonsplenectomized patients with high tumor burdens and is therefore recommended as a first-line therapy.
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PMID:Human lymphoblastoid interferon for hairy cell leukemia: results from the Italian Cooperative Group. 366 57

Perhexiline maleate, which causes inhibition of myocardial fatty acid catabolism with a concomitant increase in glucose utilization, is particularly useful in the management of patients with severe angina pectoris. While perhexiline exerts no significant negative inotropic or dromotropic effects, its short- and long-term use has hitherto been restricted because of complex pharmacokinetics and the eventual development, in many patients, of hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy. Correlations between perhexiline dose, plasma drug concentrations, efficacy and development of toxicity were examined prospectively in 3 groups of patients. The first group (n = 29) were patients in whom perhexiline was added to previously prescribed anti-anginal medication for short-term (pre-surgical or post-myocardial infarction) control of angina pectoris. Over a mean treatment period of 18 +/- 2 (SEM) days, 13 patients experienced a marked reduction in frequency and severity of attacks. No adverse effects occurred. A second group of patients (n = 19) were treated chronically with 50-400 mg/day of perhexiline, dosage being adjusted to minimize symptoms. Over a mean treatment period of 8.8 +/- 1.7 months, 5 patients became asymptomatic, while 9 developed evidence of hepatitis or neurotoxicity, with concomitant plasma perhexiline concentrations of 720-2680 ng/ml. Subsequently, a further group of similar patients (n = 22) were treated for 12.4 +/- 2.6 months, perhexiline dosage being adjusted to maintain plasma perhexiline concentrations below 600 ng/ml. Nine patients became asymptomatic, while none developed adverse effects. It is concluded that perhexiline is useful both as a short-term adjunct to anti-anginal therapy and in the long-term management of patients unsuitable for coronary artery bypass grafting. The risk of long-term toxicity can be reduced markedly by maintenance of plasma drug concentrations below 600 ng/ml without significantly compromising anti-anginal efficacy.
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PMID:Perhexiline maleate treatment for severe angina pectoris--correlations with pharmacokinetics. 379 79

Sixty-four consecutive patients underwent renal homotransplantation 10 1/6 to 11(1/2) years ago, 46 from related and 18 from nonrelated living donors. Thirty-six of these recipients were alive when this series was presented to the American Surgical Assocation in 1965. Now, nine years later, 26 (72%) of the 36 still survive, in 22 instances with function of their original grafts. The 10 who died in the interim tended to have subnormal renal function or graft failure. However, the actual causes of death included 2 or more examples each of myocardial infarction, hepatitis, or other systemic infections. The prognosis for achieving a one decade survival was not obviously related to HL-A tissue match. The best results were with related kidneys, within which subgroup 24 (52%) of the original recipients are still alive. However, there was no particular category of consanguineous donor that had a marked superiority. Only 2 of 18 nonrelated recipients are still alive. All 36 patients who were alive in 1965 had a biopsy of their renal homograft. Kidneys that were destined to function for a decade tended to have relatively minor histopathologic abnormalities. If serious glomerular lesions were found, the outlook for long graft survival was grave. Vascular lesions had a somewhat less serious import. Mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis proved prognostically to be the least significant. Long-term followup of these early cases has shown the durability of chronic renal homografts, particularly if these are from related donors, and has demonstrated the very high degree of rehabilitation that could be achieved even in the early days of renal homotransplantation.
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PMID:A decade followup in early cases of renal homotransplantation. 460 13

Among 2175 patients seen over the last three years in a non-specialized department of internal medicine with no intensive care unit, 100 had supranormal serum lactic dehydrogenase activities. These patients' case-reports have been analyzed. Nearly half the patients (47/100) had a malignant disease (cancer or hemopathy). Among the remaining patients, 19 had a hepatic disorder (alcohol hepatitis in 10, viral hepatitis in 8, and isoniazide hepatitis in 1), 7 had a heart disease (heart failure with hepatomegaly in 5, myocardial infarction in 2), and 27 had various other conditions (including hemolysis in 6 and polymyositis en 3). The value of serum LDH assay is obvious in situations other than acute conditions such as myocardial infarction of pulmonary embolism; these are better known and have not been studied here as their prevalence was low among the patients enlisted in our study. In comparison to other enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), transaminases (GOT, GPT) that were also routinely assayed in our patients, abnormal serum LDH activities are much less common and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum LDH activity indicates a serious condition, often with a fatal outcome. The "various other conditions" group includes patients with hemolysis, hepatitis and myositis; the other patients in this group either had severe infectious diseases or died suddenly in the first few days of their hospitalization before diagnosis had been established. Each etiologic group has been analyzed to asses the characteristics of patients with increased LDH activity according to each etiology. Analysis of coincident abnormalities of the other enzymes listed above shows marked differences between etiologic groups; diagnostic accuracy can thus be enhanced in certain conditions. Most patients with malignancies had poorly differentiated tumors, with metastases: 28 had an epithelial tumor, with hepatic and/or bone metastases in 23 cases, 5 had cancer of the liver, 10 had a malignant hemopathy (2 lymphomas, 5 myeloproliferative syndromes, 3 acute leukemias), and 4 had a sarcoma. Cancer of the lung is the most common malignancy (10 cases) and may be responsible for increased serum LDH activity even in patients without metastases. Serum LDH assay is of value for monitoring the course in patients with initially increased activities as it falls under effective therapy and rises during exacerbations.
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PMID:[Value and diagnostic significance of serum lactic dehydrogenase in internal medicine (author's transl)]. 628 24

In a survey the present possibilities are outlined to get knowledge about diseases of inner organs with the help of enzyme determinations in the urine. Here it is remarkable that changes of the enzyme excretion appear not only in renal disease with acute renal failure, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal infarction and nephroptosis but are also to be observed in primarily extrarenal diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, thesaurismoses, myocardial infarction, hypertension, acute pancreatitis, epidemic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice and rheumatoid arthritis. The causes of the changes of enzyme excretions are various. Since enzymes of different origin and localisation behave themselves variably, the simultaneous determination of a brush border marker (e.g. alanine aminopeptidase), a lysosomal enzyme (e.g. beta-glucuronidase or N-acetyl glucosaminidase) and a low molecular enzyme (e.g. lysozyme) is of use for the recognition of renal alterations. By the control of activities of urinary enzymes it is possible to get without risk informations about pathobiochemical processes in the kidney which are not to be gained by means of other methods.
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PMID:[Urinary enzyme excretion in diseases of the internal organs]. 636 87

beta-Galactosidase and associated activities (beta-glucosidase and beta-fucosidase) have been studied in rabbit and bovine liver and rabbit spleen. The physico-chemical (optimal pH, pI, MW) and kinetical (Km, Vmax, Ki) properties were determined for all the activities. Two enzyme forms were separated in rabbit spleen. beta-Galactosidase, beta-fucosidase and beta-glucosidase activities were catalyzed by the same enzyme in rabbit and bovine liver. The enzyme from bovine liver showed nonlinear double-reciprocal plots, suggesting a substrate-activation model, and the presence of more than one binding site in the enzyme. The enzyme activities of several glycosidases were determined in human sera fom control groups and from patients with diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, stomach and breast cancer, myocardial infarction and renal failure. The results show significantly different enzyme levels for several glycosidases in all the studied diseases. Experimentally-induced diabetes mellitus, alcoholism and nephrotoxicity in rats showed different glycosidase levels in several tissues, as compared with control groups.
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PMID:[Glycosidases of mammals: association of activities and changes of levels in some disorders]. 681 36

Severe intercurrent nonthyroidal illnesses (diabetic ketoacidosis, myocardial infarction, fulminant hepatitis and bacterial pneumonia) in four thyrotoxic patients were associated with depression of total serum thyroxine (T(4)) and triiodothyronine (T(3)) values into the normal or even subnormal range. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was established by a combination of elevated radioactive iodine uptake, absent thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone or an elevated free T(4) by dialysis values. In the two of four cases that had a fatal outcome, there was a progressive decline in total T(4) and total T(3) values. In contrast, the two surviving patients had a progressive increase of total T(3) and total T(4) values into the hyperthyroid range as their underlying illness resolved. As has been seen with severe nonthyroidal illnesses, pronounced depression of total T(3) and total T(4) levels in hyperthyroid patients may also portend a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Influence of nonthyroidal illnesses on serum thyroid hormone indices in hyperthyroidism. 688 Jan 82


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