Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The tetracyclines are active in vitro against many urinary tract pathogens such as Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Brucella, rickettsiae, and Nocardia. Chloramphenicol is used primarily for anaerobic infections, Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, and infections due to Salmonella typhi. Erythromycin is active in vitro against M. pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, and group A beta-hemolytic streptococci; it may also be used as prophylactic therapy for subacute bacterial endocarditis and for recurrence of acute rheumatic fever in patients who are allergic to penicillin. Clindamycin should be used primarily for the treatment of anaerobic infections. The tetracyclines may cause gastrointestinal upset; phototoxic dermatitis; hepatitis, especially in pregnant women; discoloration of the teeth and bone dysplasia in the human fetus and in children; and superinfections, especially oral and anogenital candidiasis. The tetracyclines should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency. The most important toxic effect of chloramphenicol is bone marrow suppression, which is dose related or idiosyncratic. The incidence of undesirable side effects associated with the use of erythromycin is low; gastrointestinal irritation is the most common, and cholestatic hepatitis may occur with the use of erythromycin estolate. Pseudomembranous colitis is the most important toxic effect associated with the use of clindamycin.
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PMID:Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin. 682 63

Respiratory tract infections with mycoplasma can cause severe infiltrating pneumonia (with pleuritis), associated with marked inflammatory reactions (maximal E.S.R., high leucocytosis with shift to the left and marked alpha 2-proteinaemia). Serial measurements of cold-agglutinin titres as well as complement-fixation reaction to Mycoplasma pneumoniae will confirm the diagnosis. Atypical forms of pneumonia can also be documented in that they respond only to erythromycin and extrapulmonary complications accompany the disease, giving them a protean character. In two such patients there was the clinical picture of pneumonia with high fever and marked inflammatory reaction, associated with anicteric hepatitis. In one there was also thoracic lymphadenitis, myositis and rash, in the other a meta- and post-infectious polyarthritis.
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PMID:[Severe forms of mycoplasma pneumonia (author's transl)]. 705 63

We characterized 8 human hepatocellular-carcinoma cell lines established from the primary tumors of Korean patients. All lines showed substrate adherence and one line from anaplastic tumor also grew as floating aggregates. Most cultured cells maintained many morphological characteristics of the original tumors from which they were derived. Doubling times varied from 34 to 72 hr. All lines showed relatively high viability and were not contaminated with Mycoplasma or bacteria. All lines showed aneuploidy and were proven to be unique by DNA fingerprinting analysis. Hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) DNA was integrated in the genomes of all lines. Two of the cell lines (SNU-354, SNU-368) showed expression of HBV and HBVx (HBx) transcripts. SNU-354 strongly expressed albumin, and SNU-368 expressed transferrin and insulin-like growth factor II. No lines produced alpha-fetoprotein at the RNA and protein level. These cell lines represent useful tools for in vitro studies related to hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Characterization of cell lines established from human hepatocellular carcinoma. 754 80

Pathogen-free sentinel mice were placed in 7 animal rooms with different housing conditions and were serologically screened for antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), Sendai virus, reovirus 3, Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), ectromelia virus and Mycoplasma pulmonis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, at intervals after introduction. The most commonly detected antibody was against MHV, which was found in mice from 4 rooms, followed by PVM antibody in mice from 3 rooms. Seroconversion to Sendai virus and TMEV was detected in mice from one room each. No seroconversion to any of the antigens was found in 2 rooms. The common criteria of these 2 rooms were that they housed pathogen-free animals from a single source and that the access to the rooms was, purposely or not, restricted to people who had no contact to other mice. The study demonstrated the importance of husbandry and hygienic regimen on the prevalence of infectious agents in laboratory mice.
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PMID:Transmission of murine viruses and mycoplasma in laboratory mouse colonies with respect to housing conditions. 803 61

Different biological materials were tested for murine viral contamination by using the mouse/rat antibody production test. Of 297 tumors examined, 75 (25.3%) were contaminated. Considerable differences in the contamination rate became evident when transplantable tumors from in vitro and from in vivo passages were compared. Of 186 tumors that had been propagated in animals, 36.6% were positive, whereas only 7 of 111 (6.3%) tumors propagated in vitro were contaminated. The highest rate of contamination was detected in mouse tumors. Testing of 135 specimens of mouse origin revealed 46.7% were contaminated, and 57 (70.4%) of 81 samples propagated in mice were positive for murine viruses. Moreover, 6.7% of 90 human tumors that had been passaged in athymic nude mice and 3.5% of 57 rat tumors were positive. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was detected in 4 of 14 hamster tumors. The most frequent contaminant was lactic dehydrogenase elevating virus followed by reovirus 3, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, minute virus of mice, mouse hepatitis virus, rat coronaviruses, Kilham rat virus, and Mycoplasma pulmonis. Contamination with reovirus 3 and minute virus of mice was found in 4 (3.7%) of 109 cell lines tested, and 2 of 60 monoclonal antibody preparations or hybridoma cells contained lactic dehydrogenase virus. Contamination with two pathogens was detected in four mouse tumors and in one cell line.
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PMID:Contamination of transplantable tumors, cell lines, and monoclonal antibodies with rodent viruses. 823 Oct 85

Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) are non-cultivated intracellular cell-wall deficient pathogenic bacteria with a distinctive ultrastructural appearance. Diagnosis of MLO disease depends on finding the organisms in parasitized cells using a transmission electron microscope. MLO are a well studied cause of transmissible chronic plant disease responsive to antibiotics. MLO have recently been found to cause human chronic uveitis, orbital, and retinal disease with autoimmune features. Ophthalmic leucocytes in these patients display MLO parasitization. Inoculation of human uveitis MLO into mouse eyelids produced chronic uveitis. MLO also disseminated to produce randomly distributed lethal systemic disease including chronic hepatitis. MLO parasitized leucocytes were present in all disease sites. Direct intrahepatic inoculation of human hepatic pathogens is a simple and efficient technique to produce murine hepatitis. This report describes the delayed onset widespread inflammatory liver disease produced by direct intrahepatic inoculation of human chronic uveitis MLO in 12 of 20 mice versus 0 in 40 controls (P < 0.05). The liver disease was accompanied by elevated serum SGOT levels, splenomegaly, and accelerated mortality. All 12 inflamed livers displayed MLO parasitized leucocytes versus 0 of 10 control livers. The resemblance of human chronic active hepatitis, massive hepatic necrosis, and post-necrotic cirrhosis to the MLO induced murine liver disease, the role of molecular biologic techniques in the detection and classification of those bacteria, and in therapy of MLO disease are discussed.
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PMID:Experimental murine chronic hepatitis: results following intrahepatic inoculation of human uveitis mycoplasma-like organisms. 839 4

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is no longer a benign condition it was originally thought to be. Many extrapulmonary manifestations affecting major organ systems like the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, haematological system, gastrointestinal system, musculoskeletal system and renal system have been described. Early recognition of these manifestations is often difficult and serological diagnosis may not be helpful. Three patients with large pleural effusions, encephalitis, hemiplegia, hepatitis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and renal failure are discussed to highlight the many varied presentations associated with this infection.
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PMID:Unusual manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children. 855 96

To quarantine human tumor samples for transplantation into immune deficient mice or tumor xenograft lines established and introduced from other institutions, we performed isolated implantation and passaging of tumors in a vinyl isolator, and microbiological examinations of sentinel mice kept together with tumor bearing mice. We examined 105 pairs of sentinel mice used to quarantine 907 tumors, and found six cases of contamination or infection with Staphylococcus aureus, 20 cases with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one case with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). It was, however, possible that Mycoplasma pulmonis contamination was overlooked because the microbe had been isolated from tumors passaged after quarantine, even though the results of the quarantine of these tumors showed no sign of pathogens. Direct culture of tumors for the microbe was recommended to improve the quarantine system.
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PMID:Quarantine for contaminated pathogens in transplantable human tumors or infections in tumor bearing mice. 914 98

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) cause lower genital tract infections (cervicitis, vaginitis) or ascending infections of the fallopian tubes, and, possibly, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The syphilis bacterium, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the hepatitis virus cause systematic disease. Although oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most reliable contraceptive method, they have limited anti-STD properties and their relationship with STDs remain unclear. Various mechanisms explain a protective role of OCs against STDs; however, in no way can OCs be considered a safe anti-STD contraceptive method, when compared to specific barrier methods, which provide both contraception and anti-STD protection. The above has been confirmed by a recent study performed in our institution where 10.3% and 6.9% of OC users presented a prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma, respectively, when compared to 0% and 4.5% infection rates found among condom users. It is concluded that although OCs possess some anti-STD properties, mainly in the prevention of PID, they should be used in combination with a barrier method.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases and oral contraceptive use during adolescence. 923 95

A new species of Mycoplasma, M. volis, was isolated from the respiratory tract of clinically normal field-trapped prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) that were to be housed in close proximity to other rodents. To determine the pathogenic potential of the new mycoplasmal isolate, three groups of rodents (Sprague Dawley rats, BALB/c mice, and severe combined immunodeficient [SCID] mice) were intranasally inoculated with 2 x 10(8) color-changing units (CCU) of M. volis and were observed for 4 to 6 weeks. Experimental animals did not manifest clinical signs of disease; however, one experimental SCID mouse was euthanized 5 days after inoculation because of a severe circling disorder. Lung lesions in experimental SD rats ranged from mild to severe bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia. Lung lesions in BALB/c and SCID mice ranged from no lesions to mild pneumonia. We were able to isolate M. volis from some control mice, none of which had lung lesions. All mice were seronegative for Sendai virus, mouse hepatitis virus, and M. pulmonis. All immunocompetent experimental animals (BALB/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats) were seropositive for M. volis. All immunocompetent control animals and SCID mice were seronegative for M. volis. Our data suggest that M. volis is capable of causing microscopic lesions and seroconversion in rats and mice, and therefore these rodents should not be housed in close proximity to voles.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma volis in mice and rats. 951 88


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