Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the past 25 years animal retroviruses have been favoured subjects of research by virologists, oncologists, and molecular biologists. Retroviruses have given us reverse transcriptase, oncogenes, and cloning vectors that may one day be exploited for human gene therapy. They have also given us leukaemia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Kawasaki disease and tropical spastic paraparesis are thought to be associated with retrovirus infection, and other diseases such as de Quervain's thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, and certain forms of non-A, non-B hepatitis have come under passing suspicion of a retroviral aetiology. With AIDS threatening to become pandemic, and a second AIDS virus appearing in West Africa, human retroviruses are under intensive study for new antiviral drugs targeted to their unique mode of replication, and for the development of vaccines.
 ...
PMID:Retroviruses and human disease. 288 52

A case of salicylate hepatitis in a seven-week-old boy with Kawasaki's disease, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is reported. The infant was admitted to the hospital with fever and a diffuse maculopapular petechial rash. He was treated with antibiotics for 72 hours for presumed septicemia. His condition deteriorated and he developed mucous membrane lesions and edema in his hands and feet. When the cultures of spinal fluid, blood, and urine were found to be negative, the antimicrobial therapy was discontinued; however, the cyanosis of his extremities progressed and gangrenous regions developed in his toe and finger pads. Oral aspirin therapy was started at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day, every six hours. After five days, the rash, membrane lesions, and swelling in his hands and feet resolved. The cyanosis regressed. Liver enzyme tests revealed mild elevations of SGOT and LDH, and on the 12th hospital day these values peaked to a level consistent with salicylate hepatitis. The aspirin therapy was discontinued and within four days the liver function test results were normal. Aspirin therapy was reinstituted at a single daily dose of 30 mg/kg with no recurrence of hepatitis. The careful monitoring of liver function tests is recommended for children with Kawasaki's disease receiving aspirin therapy to avoid salicylate-induced hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Salicylate hepatitis: a complication of the treatment of Kawasaki's disease. 727 May 63

Systemic pathological alterations were studied in thirty-seven autopsied patients with Kawasaki disease. Systemic vasculitis was the most characteristic pathological finding and was present in all the patients. In addition to the vasculitis, there was a high incidence of inflammatory lesions in various organs and tissues: in the heart, endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis; in the digestive system, stomatitis, sialoduct-adenitis, catarrhal enteritis, hepatitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and pancreas ductitis; in the respiratory system, bronchitis and segmental interstitial pneumonia; in the urinary system, focal interstitial nephritis, cystitis, and prostatitis; in the nervous system, aseptic leptomeningitis, choriomeningitis, gangliontis, and neuritis; in the hematopoietic system, lymphadenitis, splenitis, and thymitis. Dermatitis, panniculitis or myositis were also observed in some patients. Therefore, Kawasaki disease is a systemic inflammatory disease which mainly affects the cardiovascular system. These systemic inflammatory lesions are considered to correspond to the variegated clinical manifestaitions. The relationship between Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa (IPN) were discussed, based on the clinicopathological characteristics.
 ...
PMID:General pathology of Kawasaki disease. On the morphological alterations corresponding to the clinical manifestations. 744 9

Liver disease in 193 patients (17 male and 176 female) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at Kawasaki Municipal Hospital were analyzed. Abnormal transaminase levels were found in 78 case (40.4%). Among them, there were 35 patients whose liver disease were identified. There were 12 patients whom no cause could be found other than SLE. Other liver disease were as follows: fatty liver in 9 cases, virus infection in 5 cases, gall stone and/or cholecystitis in 3 cases, drug allergy in 2 cases, autoimmune hepatitis 2 cases, primary biliary cirrhoses in 1 case. Liver disease with systemic lupus erythematosus was frequent, but there was no severe case.
 ...
PMID:[Liver disease in systemic lupus erythematosus]. 755 39

We evaluated clinical presentations and complications retrospectively in 48 pediatric patients hospitalized for suspected measles during a measles epidemic in Chicago. Fifty-one percent were < 15 months of age and 75% were < 4 years of age. Measles, diagnosed in 44 patients, was culture-proved in 18. Presentations were not always classic. Respiratory complications, otitis media, hepatitis, preterm labor, keratitis and central nervous system involvement were reported. The presence of stomatitis and hypotension in some patients raised the differential diagnoses of Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome. Six patients with stomatitis, admitted with a measles-like illness, fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for Kawasaki disease. Three were diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and 3 with measles. In addition to serology and echocardiographic changes, the platelet count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be useful in distinguishing between measles and Kawasaki disease. Two of 10 patients with hypotension met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for toxic shock syndrome. The diagnosis of measles, solely on clinical grounds, may therefore not be as straightforward as is generally accepted.
 ...
PMID:Clinical presentations and complications of suspected measles in hospitalized children. 828 20

Viral exanthems can be classified as erythematous vesicular and papular. The majority are erythematous with the most common viral causes being non polio enteroviruses, respiratory viruses, acute. Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes viruses 6 and 7, and parvovirus B-19. Measles, rubella, mumps, acute GMV, hepatitis viruses. HIV seroconversion, Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses are less commonly seen. The differential diagnosis includes drug eruption, erythematous bacterial exanthems and Kawasaki's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Viral exanthems in childhood. 871 3

Human natural immunoglobulin (HunIg) preparation for intravenous use has been used in various diseases. The most typical application of this preparation is agammaglobulinemia. Currently, however, this preparation is being used in the therapy of many other disorders. These include thrombocytopenia, Kawasaki disease, systemic vasculitis, several other disorders of autoimmune origin and systemic inflammation such as sepsis. In some diseases, the clinical improvement following use of HunIg has been dramatic, while in others its effect is not striking. Due to rarity of the side effects, the range of application of HunIg has been recently broadened. Such side effects include transmission of several diseases such as hepatitis and retroviral infections. Before it is recommended for use, however, and primarily due to expense, the efficacy of this drug should be carefully evaluated. The mechanism of action of HunIg is not fully understood. However, it has been suggested that its action may involve blockade of Fc-receptor, an anti-cytokine effect, or inhibition of complement activation. In this review, the mechanism of action of HunIgG and its application in human diseases are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic application of intravenous human natural immunoglobulin preparation. 915 42

Involvement of malignant lymphoma in the liver inducing fulminant hepatic failure has rarely been reported. Therefore, a close association between some lymphoma types with severe liver damage and the mechanism underlying the liver damage is intriguing. Three malignant lymphoma cases, which were clinically diagnosed as fulminant hepatitis, were collected from the autopsy records of Kawasaki Medical School (Kurashiki, Japan). All three cases were characterized by the presence of hepatosplenomegaly without superficial lymph node swelling, high elevation of transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; especially LDH-2), and a quite aggressive clinical course. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in all three cases were positive for T cell intracellular antigen (TIA-1), which is a cytolytic protein in cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) cells. The lymphomas were CD8+ peripheral T cell lymphoma (case 1), CD56+ T/NK cell lymphoma (case 2), and T cell lymphoma in a patient with mosquito hypersensitivity (case 3). Epstein-Barr virus infection was demonstrated on the tumor cells of cases 2 and 3 using an in situ hybridization method and those cases showed high titers of serum interferon-gamma and Fas. Frequent apoptosis of liver cells, where the lymphoma cells had infiltrated, was revealed by a terminal deoxyribosyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. The findings in this study suggest that fulminant hepatic injury is closely associated with cytotoxic molecule TIA-1 expression of the lymphoma cells and that some specific mechanism may be involved in liver damage.
 ...
PMID:Expression of cytotoxic molecule TIA-1 in malignant lymphomas mimicking fulminant hepatitis. 977 8

We present two cases of unusual manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: lymphadenopathy with liver dysfunction without pneumonia. One was diagnosed as an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome and the other as Kawasaki disease. Polymerase chain reaction successfully detected Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA using blood samples. Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be included in the panel of aetiological agents in patients with lymphadenitis and hepatitis even in the absence of pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Two cases of lymphadenopathy with liver dysfunction due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with mycoplasmal bacteraemia without pneumonia. 1153 23

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common vasculitic disorder usually seen in children below 5 years of age. The disease can present with protean clinical manifestations which include high grade fever (for at least 5 days), rash, redness of the lips and a typical strawberry tongue, cervical lymph node enlargement (often unilateral), swelling over the hands/feet and, later a characteristic peripheral desquamation over the fingers and toes. These clinical features appear sequentially and the findings may change from day-to-day. Thus, all these features may not be seen together at any one point of time. The diagnosis rests on the recognition of this characteristic temporal sequence of clinical events, none of which are, by themselves, pathognomonic. Establishing a diagnosis of KD may be further complicated by the occurrence of several other, seemingly unrelated, clinical features. These include irritability, neck stiffness, sterile pyuria, pneumonitis, hydrops of the gallbladder and hepatitis among many others. There is no laboratory test that can help in confirming a diagnosis of KD. Left untreated, up to 20% of children with KD can develop coronary aneurysms with catastrophic long term sequelae. It is important to diagnose KD in the first 10 days of the illness so that appropriate therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin can be Initiated. All paediatricians, and physicians looking after children, need to be aware of this condition which is now being increasingly recognized in India.
 ...
PMID:Kawasaki disease. 1583 87


1 2 Next >>