Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 27-year-old man presenting with recurrent meningitis associated with the activation of hepatitis was reported. Although he showed headache only, he was diagnosed as viral meningitis with high transaminase activities on admission. Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) DNA was revealed in the liver tissue by the polymerase chain reaction. This case was considered viral meningitis with HHV-6 associated hepatitis. It is suggested that the importance of viral evaluations not only herpes virus type 1 x 2, cytomegaro virus and EB virus, but also HHV-6 infection in a case of recurrent meningitis with hepatitis simultaneously.
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PMID:[A case of recurrent meningitis with association of human herpes virus-6 hepatitis]. 1293 36

In 2002 nearly 36 000 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Bavaria representing a 10 % increase compared to 2001 (33 000 cases). As in 2001, around 75 % of reported cases were gastrointestinal infections. Every third infection was due to salmonella. As compared to last year, the incidence of Norwalk-like virus infections increased fivefold. These infections occurred mostly as outbreaks in nursing homes, hospitals or other institutions, affecting as many as 200 persons. Other frequently reported infections in Bavaria are tuberculosis and hepatitis. The relatively high incidence of measles is mainly due to an outbreak in Coburg. The decline in the incidence of tuberculosis observed over the last years has ceased. Around 70 % of reported hepatitis cases were due to hepatitis C. It should be noted that these cases were a mixture of new infections and ongoing infections diagnosed for the first time. Of great epidemiological importance are diseases caused by meningitis pathogens. The incidence of meningococcal infections was practically unchanged as compared to last year. Around half of them were caused by serotype B, which is currently not preventable by vaccination. Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae B is continually declining due to the high vaccination rate and is very rarely reported. Several cases of FSME were described. According to investigations carried out by health departments these infections were acquired in countries not yet classified as FSME risk areas. Hence, the endemics maps of FSME have to be revised. Two years of reporting according to IfSG (infectious disease control law) yielded very encouraging results, i. e. rapid accessibility of data, flexibility, complete and standardised reporting with high quality of data. We thank all the reporting physicians and laboratories and the staff of the Bavarian health departments for their continuous support.
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PMID:[Surveillance of notifiable infectious diseases in Bavaria - results in 2002]. 1477 Mar 32

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of Q fever among hospitalized children in Greece. During a two-year period, 1,200 children with various clinical manifestations were prospectively tested for Coxiella burnetii infection by indirect immunofluorescence. Acute Q fever was diagnosed in eight (0.67%) patients. No chronic case of infection was detected. Multivariate analysis showed that children 11-14 years old and children reporting consumption of cheese from rural areas were at increased risk for this illness. Clinical manifestations of acute Q fever were pneumonia (two patients), meningitis (two), prolonged fever (two), hepatitis (one), and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (one). Q fever accounted for 2.9% of the cases with prolonged fever, 1.2% of the cases of meningitis, and 0.5% of the cases of pneumonia. Fever and headache were the most common symptoms at presentation. Our study indicates that Q fever is a rare cause of hospitalization during childhood.
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PMID:Q fever in children in Greece. 1515 88

Childhood tuberculous meningitis is associated with serious long-term sequelae, including mental retardation, behavior disturbances, and motor handicap. Brain damage in tuberculous meningitis results from a cytokine-mediated inflammatory response, which causes vasculitis and obstructive hydrocephalus. Thalidomide, a potent tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor, was well tolerated and possibly showed some clinical benefit in children with tuberculous meningitis during a pilot study. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of adjunctive thalidomide in addition to standard antituberculosis and corticosteroid therapy on the outcome of tuberculous meningitis. Thalidomide (24 mg/kg/day orally) or placebo was administered in a double-blind randomized fashion for 1 month to patients with stage 2 or 3 tuberculous meningitis. The study was terminated early because all adverse events and deaths occurred in one arm of the study (thalidomide group). Thirty of the 47 children enrolled received adjunctive thalidomide, of whom 6 (20%) developed a skin rash, 8 (26%) hepatitis, and 2 (6%) neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. Four deaths (13%) occurred in patients with very severe neurologic compromise at baseline; two deaths were associated with a rash. Motor outcome after 6 months of antituberculosis therapy was similar in the two groups, even though the thalidomide group showed greater neurologic compromise on admission. In addition, the mean IQ of the two treatment groups did not differ significantly (mean IQ thalidomide group 57.8 versus mean IQ control group 67.5; P = .16). These results do not support the use of adjunctive high-dose thalidomide therapy in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis.
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PMID:Adjunctive thalidomide therapy for childhood tuberculous meningitis: results of a randomized study. 1516 89

Disease control has increasingly shifted towards large scale, disease specific, public health interventions. The emerging problems of HIV, hepatitis, malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis, childhood pneumonia, and meningitis have made community based trials of interventions a cost effective long term investment for the health of a population. The authors conducted this study to explore the complexities involved in obtaining informed consent to participation in rural north India, and how people there make decisions related to participation in clinical research.
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PMID:Community based trials and informed consent in rural north India. 1517 72

The Republic of Serbia, with WHO support, has implemented an early warning system (ALERT) for priority communicable diseases, to complement the routine surveillance system which notifies individual confirmed cases. The results of its evaluation, conducted one year after implementation is presented here. ALERT relies on notification of 11 syndromes by primary care facilities. Data is analysed weekly at district level and transmitted to national epidemiologists. ALERT is perceived to be a simple and flexible tool. Acceptability is higher at national level than at district level. Some districts perceive ALERT as a parallel system poorly connected to control measures. Sensitivity of ALERT in detecting cases of meningitis is 93%, and 37% for cases of hepatitis. Retrospective analysis of ALERT data identified 9 outbreaks, 5 of which had been recognized by epidemiologists. ALERT was the timeliest system for detecting 4 outbreaks identified by both systems. ALERT was useful for triggering timely investigation and control of outbreaks of hantavirus and salmonellosis and for detecting the start of the influenza season. However, ALERT did not detect clusters of brucellosis and tularaemia targeted by the unexplained fever syndrome. This evaluation underlined the need for a global review of surveillance activities when implementing new components such as ALERT. While control measures based on notification of individual confirmed cases are well understood and implemented, the investigation and verification process that should result from an increase in ALERT syndromes is not fully understood. Field epidemiology training programmes, such as the EPIET programme, are best suited to bring about this change of perspective.
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PMID:Strengthening early warning function of surveillance in the Republic of Serbia: lessons learned after a year of implementation. 1520 69

Acute disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in three wild arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) that were found dead in the same locality on Svalbard (Norway). The animals included one adult female and two 4-months-old pups. The adult fox was severely jaundiced. Necropsy revealed multifocal, acute, necrotizing hepatitis, acute interstitial pneumonia, and scattered foci of brain gliosis, often associated with Toxoplasma tachyzoites. One pup also had Toxoplasma-associated meningitis. In addition, the latter animal was infected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 2b and Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 1 (PT1), which may have contributed to the severity of the Toxoplasma infection in this animal. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was confirmed by positive immunohistochemistry and detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum of all foxes. The animals were negative for Neospora caninum, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, and rabies virus on immunolabelling of tissue sections and smears.
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PMID:Acute toxoplasmosis in three wild arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) from Svalbard; one with co-infections of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 2b. 1556 24

Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) usually leads to developing of characteristic skin lesions with dermatomal distribution. In very rare cases typical clinical picture can be absent, which impairs diagnostic procedure. Atypical case of young non HIV infected man was described. Clinical picture of meningitis and hepatitis due to VZV reactivation without typical skin eruptions resulted in diagnostic problems and required differentiation with proliterative process. Essential role of serologic testing in such cases was emphasized.
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PMID:[Diagnostic problems in the course of varicella-zoster virus reactivation leading to meningitis and hepatitis--case report]. 1562 58

This paper lists the pathological findings and causes of mortality of 93 sea turtles (88 Caretta caretta, 3 Chelonia mydas, and 2 Dermochelys coriacea) stranded on the coasts of the Canary Islands between January 1998 and December 2001. Of these, 25 (26.88%) had died of spontaneous diseases including different types of pneumonia, hepatitis, meningitis, septicemic processes and neoplasm. However, 65 turtles (69.89%) had died from lesions associated with human activities such as boat-strike injuries (23.66%), entanglement in derelict fishing nets (24.73%), ingestion of hooks and monofilament lines (19.35%), and crude oil ingestion (2.15%). Traumatic ulcerative skin lesions were the most common gross lesions, occurring in 39.78% of turtles examined, and being associated with Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus spp. infections. Pulmonary edema (15.05%), granulomatous pneumonia (12.90%) and exudative bronchopneumonia (7.53%) were the most frequently detected respiratory lesions. Different histological types of nephritis included chronic interstitial nephritis, granulomatous nephritis and perinephric abscesses, affecting 13 turtles (13.98%). Ulcerative and fibrinous esophagitis and traumatic esophageal perforation were the most frequently observed lesions in the esophagus, being associated in the majority of the cases with ingestion of fishing hooks. Larval nematodes of the Anisakidae family caused gastritis in 15 turtles (16.13%). Necrotizing and/or granulomatous hepatitis were the lesions most commonly observed in the liver (27.95%). Traumatic lesions included necrotizing myositis (10.75%) mainly caused by entanglement in fishing nets or boat-strikes, and amputation of 1 or 2 flippers (25.81%) by netting. Traumatic erosions and/or fractures of the carapace/plastron mainly caused by boat-strikes were also observed (26.88%). Eye lesions included heterophilic keratoconjunctivitis, ulcerative keratitis and heterophilic scleritis, affecting 7 turtles (7.53%).
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PMID:Diseases and causes of mortality among sea turtles stranded in the Canary Islands, Spain (1998-2001). 1575 96

Travel Medicine is a rapidly evolving field of medicine that is becoming ever more important in this era of globalization. Traditionally, medical preparation for individuals traveling to countries outside the United States has focused on traveler's diarrhea prevention and treatment, malaria prevention, and travel vaccination. Now, other concerns such as travel safety must also be considered. New developments in the area of travel medicine include the use of azithromycin instead of quinolones for diarrhea acquired in Southeast Asia. Azithromycin may also be the best option for children and patients who cannot take quinolones regardless of destination. In addition, rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic, has recently been marketed for traveler's diarrhea. The best malaria prophylaxis options currently include atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone) in addition to chloroquine, mefloquine, and doxycycline. Hepatitis A is the most important travel vaccine, and a new combined hepatitis A and B vaccine (Twinrix) is useful for travelers needing protection against both types of hepatitis. A vaccine for typhoid is now available in either oral or injectable versions. Other important vaccines to consider when traveling internationally are those for Japanese encephalitis, influenza, meningitis, rabies, varicella and yellow fever vaccines. These may be warranted depending on duration of travel and destination risk.
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PMID:Travel medicine 2005. 1577 61


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