Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 1061 Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from patients with different clinical manifestations of yersiniosis (acute intestinal disease, hepatitis, generalized infection, meningitis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic intestinal disease), from foodstuffs, from animals and from open water reservoirs have been studied. This study has revealed that the strains of serovars 09 and 03 are mainly isolated from humans (66% and 30.5% of cases, respectively). The strains of serovar 05B occur in 3%, and serovar 08 in 0.5% of cases. The clinical manifestations of infection have not been found to depend on the serovar of the strain causing this infection. All Yersinia serovars produced infections in children and adults with equal frequency. Y. enterocolitica strains belonging mainly to serovars 09, 03 and, less commonly, 05B and 08 circulate in different areas of our country. The same serovars of Yersinia have been isolated from foodstuffs (milk, meat, vegetables) and washings obtained from various objects of the environment, which indicates their role as the factors of infection transfer.
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PMID:[Serological types of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from humans and from environment]. 709 1

Maternal mortality was examined in a semi-urban Nigerian community over a 10-year period. Maternal mortality was defined as death occurring as the direct result of childbearing and measured per 1000 births. Abortions at below 20 weeks gestation were excluded. From 1966 to 1975, there were 90 maternal deaths out of 13,182, a rate of 6.8/1000. The hospital records of the Baptist Medical Center, located in the western part of Nigeria, were carefully reviewed and cross-checked with obstetric statistical records. Only 13 of the deaths occurred in hospitalized patients. 78 (80%) were due to direct obstetric causes; 12% were from nonobstetric causes. Anemia due to blood loss was the leading casue of death, accounting for 30, or 33%, of the deaths. Anemia, with or without congestive heart failure accounted for 7 deaths. Infection was responsible for 5 deaths. Ruptured uterus, preeclampsia, and eclampsia occurred in equal percentages, 10-11%. Indirect obstetric deaths, such as sudden death, accounted for 10 deaths. 50% of these were anesthetic deaths; the remainder were due to pulmonary embolism. Sickle cell intrapartum crisis was the cause of 1 death. Associated causes included featured pneumonia, nephritis, hepatitis, meningitis, enteritis, and cerebrovascular accident. Parity ranged from 0-11. 25 babies were salvaged in this series. Prevention continues to be the cornerstone in improving maternal mortality figures in developing countries. The Baptist Medical Center's model for providing maternal care is described briefly and is identified as responsible for the encouraging decline in the maternal mortality rate.
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PMID:Maternal mortality in a semi-urban Nigerian community. 720 76

Out of 130 children under 12 years of age with a diagnosis of typhoid fever, nine were under two years of age; the youngest was five months old. Six patients were males and the most frequent findings were: high fever, poor physical condition, vomiting, diarrhea, malnutrition, dehydration, meteorism, liver and spleen enlargement, cough, bleeding disorders and central nervous system abnormalities which were suggestive of sepsis. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in all patients through the isolation of Salmonella typhi in blood cultures. The Widal reaction showed higher than 1/160 "O" and "H" agglutinin titers in five out of six patients in which it was performed. Neutrophilia was observed in all cases, with a shift to the left in five of them. Anemia was present in all of them. The following complications were found: hepatitis (1 case), hepatitis and meningitis (1 case), bronchopneumonia (1 case), and bleeding abnormalities (4 cases). Two of the patients died; the deaths were attributed to late diagnosis and insufficient antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:[Typhoid fever in children under 2 years of age]. 727 78

Epidemics account for a small proportion of preventable infections acquired in hospitals, but they have been important in defining sources, modes of spread, and methods for prevention and control of nosocomial infections. To characterize hospital-based epidemics, 265 consecutive outbreaks investigated by the Center for Disease Control between 1956 and 1979 were reviewed. Pseudoepidemics were found in 11 percent of the investigations, most often resulting from errors in processing microbiologic specimens or from surveillance artifacts. In 223 actual epidemics, the pathogens most commonly involved were Staphylococcus aureus (19 percent), tribe Klebsielleae (14 percent), Salmonella (13 percent), hepatitis B virus (8 percent), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (5 percent), Pseudomonas (4 percent) and group A streptococci (4 percent). Sites of epidemic infection were closely linked to the responsible pathogens. Gastroenteritis (21 percent), skin infection (18 percent), bacteremia (12 percent), meningitis (11 percent) and hepatitis (10 percent), infrequent causes of endemic nosocomial infections, were frequently involved in epidemics. Over the 25-year period reviewed, staphylococcal epidemics and outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella and Esch. coli declined in frequency and those due to gram-negative bacilli and hepatitis B virus increased. Since 1970, clusters of primary bacteremia were the most frequently investigated type of epidemic. Many epidemic strains of staphylococci obtained since 1975 or Enterobacteriaceae obtained since 1970 exhibited unusual drug resistance. Specific site-pathogen combinations were closely associated with characteristic reservoirs and modes of spread.
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PMID:Comparison of endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections. 746 23

We report the case of a 3 year old boy who exhibited recurrent serious infections with a transient imbalance of IgG subclass in the second year of life. He suffered from pneumococcal meningitis at 3 months, hepatitis at 9 months, and purulent arthritis at 11 months of age. The second episode of pneumococcal meningitis occurred at 14 months. Serum IgG level was normal for age. Low level of IgG2, undetectable level of IgG4 and negligible level of pneumococcus-specific IgG1-G2 antibodies were found. No other primary immunodeficiency was apparent. Serum IgG2-G4 levels but not pneumococcus-specific IgG1-G2 titers increased by the age of 30 months. At that time, he was inoculated with a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine along with acellular diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. He acquired the immunity against these agents, and had no episodic infections in the following 2 years. This observation stresses the existence of transient IgG subclass deficiency associated with delayed development of the anti-polysaccharide antibody response.
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PMID:Recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in a patient with transient IgG subclass deficiency. 779 55

Unusually severe infections phenomena were observed in three patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from matched sibling donors. The first developed three episodes of cytomegaloviremia requiring anti-viral therapy; the third episode accompanied by cytomegalovirus hepatitis which required prolonged therapy with foscarnet. Another had Listeria monocytogenes meningitis which was difficult to eradicate and required prolonged maintenance antimicrobial therapy with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and intrathecal gentamicin until death due to chronic graft-versus-host disease. The third patient had cytomegaloviremia lasting 47 days, which did not clear within 4 weeks of full-dose ganciclovir. Although the number of patients is small, in our experience the problems encountered were unusually severe compared with patients allografted for other disease. We conclude that CLL patients undergoing allogeneic BMT may be at a higher risk of infectious complications than patients allografted for other diseases, and require careful monitoring.
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PMID:Unusual infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 788 13

All the cases of enteric fever admitted between 1988-1992 were studied. There was a gradual rise in the number of admitted cases. Central nervous system (CNS) complications like encephalopathy (14.9%), meningitis (8.8%), seizures (8.5%) and cerebellitis (3.4%) were noted more during 1991 and 1992. Other complications like myocarditis (4.6%), hepatitis (9.5%) and gastrointestinal bleeding were noted in increasing numbers during 1991-1992. Multidrug resistant (MDRT) cases were 46.3% in 1991 and 33.5% in 1992. There was a significant difference in the time taken for defervescence (a gradual rise) between the years but between the individual drugs there was no such significant difference. Deaths were noted only in 1991 and 1992 in cases of MDRT with complications. There has been an increase in resistance of S. typhi to commonly used drugs like ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. S. typhi resistant to ciprofloxacin was cultured in 2 cases each from 1990-1992. Further, the time taken for defervescence with ciprofloxacin also showed a gradual rise from 3.5 days in 1990 to 6.2 days in 1992. Nevertheless, ciprofloxacin is still the drug of choice for treatment of complicated cases of MDRT.
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PMID:Enteric fever: a changing perspective. 789 Mar 44

In order to determine the efficacy of short course chemotherapy (SCC) for tuberculosis in children, 83 newly diagnosed cases in children < 12 years old were given SCC and were prospectively followed for 1-3 years. Seventy-one cases were treated for 6-9 months as they had mild to moderate involvement. Twelve cases were treated for 12 months as they had meningitis (7), disseminated tuberculosis (2), or miliary tuberculosis (3). The results showed that none of the children, at the end of follow up, showed evidence of active tuberculosis. All children tolerated the drugs well, with side effects noticed being mild, namely transient hepatitis (4), vomiting (1), and skin rash (1). It is suggested that SCC for 6-9 months using isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin along with other drugs when necessary is highly effective in most cases of tuberculosis in children and has several advantages over conventional chemotherapy of 18 months or longer duration.
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PMID:Short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis in children. 813 59

We report the case of an hepatitis induced by ibuprofen in a young 32 years old woman, which allowed to discover an until then unknown systemic lupus erythematosus. After an analysis of the data of the literature, we are able to estimate at more than a 50% the specificity of the above mentioned induced effect of this drug for the diagnosis of lupus. Thus, non only a meningitis, but also an hepatitis induced by the ibuprofen need a systematic research of a connective tissue disease.
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PMID:[Disclosure of systemic lupus erythematosus in a case of hepatitis caused by ibuprofen]. 819 Nov 4

Three children presented with an association of pains, infectious syndrome, acute renal failure, hepatitis and meningitis, that lead to the diagnosis of leptospirosis. The clinical spectrum of this rare disease are recalled.
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PMID:[3 pediatric cases of leptospirosis]. 824 45


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