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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atypical measles syndrome has been reported extensively in the pediatric medical literature. However, the clinical picture in the adult is similar to that of many other diseases, making the diagnosis elusive. The case reported here was unusually morbid. The patient, a young man, had been in excellent health until the onset of a perplexing syndrome. When seen by the author, he had been ill for 1 week with chills, pharyngitis, and vomiting; later, a nonpruritic, maculopapular rash developed. Symptoms progressed to pneumonitis and hepatitis. A rubeola titer was obtained and was found to be considerably elevated. Because of the high titer and the fact that the patient had been immunized against measles in early childhood, the diagnosis was atypical measles syndrome. Two theories are offered to explain the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Atypical measles: a diagnostic conundrum. 193 6

Eighty cases of miliary tuberculosis admitted to our hospital between January 1981 and December 1984 were reviewed. The age of the patients ranged from 3 months to 12 years, with an average of 2 years 2 months (26.5 months). Nine cases (11.25%) died during hospitalization due to the severe condition at the time of admission. Only 8 patients (10%) were in good nutritional condition. Seventy-two patients (90%) had been visiting the primary health care clinic for several times since 2-3 months but were never diagnosed as suffering from tuberculosis. Fever or recurrent fever were found in 78 cases (97.5%), anorexia in 65 cases (81.3%), chronic and/or recurrent cough in 72 cases (90%) and malaise in 43 (53.8%). Forty-one (51.3%) denied the presence of a close contact with source of infection. Hepatomegaly was found in 44 cases (55%), 19 (23.8%) of which were associated with splenomegaly. Choroidal tubercle was found in 4 cases; 1 case with coxitis, 1 with brain tuberculoma, 1 with ascites, 1 with endobronchitis and 1 with hepatitis. Forty-three (53.8%) were tuberculin negatives, 24 of which become positives after treatment. Fourteen cases had BCG scar. History of measles was found in 21 cases. Children with longterm and recurrent fever, anorexia, decrease of body weight and recurrent cough should be suspected of having TB thus enabling to get an early diagnosis.
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PMID:Miliary tuberculosis in children. A clinical review. 207 67

Increasingly it is being discovered that short segments of proteins can provoke an immune response. Sequential determinants are as important as conformational determinants. It is the thesis of this paper that a string of three amino acid residues (a tripeptide) is antigenic when it is located on a large carrier, that is, when it is part of a protein. Conceptually this has great explanatory power in understanding (a) autoimmune phenomena (b) the intriguing finding that monoclonal antibodies which are supposed to be exquisitely specific cross-react with disparate, non-homologous proteins. Clinical syndromes such as the neuropathies of myeloma, hepatitis and multiple sclerosis are discussed in the light of this concept by computer analysis of the putative antigenic sites of myelin basic protein, hepatitis B and A proteins and measles peptides.
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PMID:Autoimmune disease--pathogenesis through molecular mimicry at the tripeptide level. 243 63

Immunity status to measles, mumps, rubella and type B hepatitis (HB) viruses was studied in a cohort of 83 teen-agers (13-14 years). The vaccination against these agents is optional in Italy. Out of 83 subjects none had been vaccinated against measles, mumps and HB viruses, while 31 had had rubella vaccination. The percentage of seronegative adolescents was 2% for measles, 25% for mumps and 10% for rubella among unvaccinated teen-agers. These data suggest that even adolescent could be a target for rubella and mumps vaccination. On the contrary HBV does not appear to circulate extensively in the early years of life, so there is no need to extend the vaccination outside the risk groups. The presence of antibodies to measles, mumps and rubella viruses correlated very well with the anamnestic recall referred by the mothers. On the contrary for rubella and mumps viruses there was a high proportion of seropositive subjects with a negative history of disease. Therefore in the population under study asymptomatic infections with rubella and mumps viruses should have been rather frequent.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the immune status against the viruses of measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis B in a cohort of students from the province of Como]. 248 99

To focus attention on the problem of infant mortality in Lebanon, data were compiled on infant mortality from 1978 to 1986 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Causes of death are analyzed for 602 males and 398 females. 54.9% deaths occurred at 1 month of age and 77.4% died within the 1st year. Autopsies were performed on .7%. 37.7% of all neonatal deaths were due to neonatal diseases such as hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia neonatorum, immaturity, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, meconium aspiration, and kernicterus. Better prenatal care would reduce this group, or the administration of corticosteroids to the mother 24-48 hours prior to delivery, as well as rapid resuscitation at birth and prevention of the 5 curses: hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypotension, and acidosis. Although unavailable in Lebanon, administration of surfactants through an endotracheal tube would also help. Infections constitute 25.1% of deaths; many are preventable through adequate public health measures and strict personal hygiene, i.e., diseases such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and 1-2 cases of the following: diphtheria, measles, peritonitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, cytomegalis inclusion, herpes, parathyphoid, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and shigellosis. Congenital diseases were 21.6%. In utero diagnosis could prevent some diseases and in utero treatment is possible for hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis. Screening programs postnatally could lead to treatment. 5.9% were malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, histocytosis, Wilm's tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Early diagnosis is critical if mortality is to be reduced in this group, but medical advances are still needed. 2.9% are miscellaneous diseases such as poisoning, rheumatic diseases, marasmus, Reye's syndrome, nephrosis, rickets, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases are preventable, except for rheumatic inflammation of the heart. Recommended necessary steps to reduce infant mortality are: prenatal care, diagnosis and screening, intrauterine surgery; resuscitation and intensive care centers with modern equipment and trained personnel; national vaccination and screening programs; adequate public health measures and hygiene; parental education; and well-equipped hospitals to serve all regardless of income level.
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PMID:Pediatric mortality: an avoidable tragedy. 251 28

We studied the incidence of typhoid fever, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, scarlet fever, pertussis and measles from 1954 to 1984 as reported in the yearly records of diseases subjected to compulsory notification. Autocorrelation functions and Fourier analysis were used to study incidence fluctuation. Seasonal variations related in all cases to pathogenic factors were found for all diseases. Air borne transmission was related to a peak incidence in spring and enteric transmission in summer. Person to person transmission and crowding at school are noted as factors influencing the incidence pattern of hepatitis and scarlet fever.
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PMID:[Ecologic dynamics of infectious diseases. I. Seasonal variations]. 264 29

The incidence of hepatitis, mumps, poliomyelitis, scarlet fever, pertussis and measles from 1954 to 1984 was studied from the annual records of infectious diseases. Fluctuations were evaluated by Fourier analysis. Periodic recurrency was detected for poliomyelitis, scarlet fever, pertussis and measles and was likely for mumps. The asynchronic fluctuation of the proportion of cases and susceptible individuals is considered to be the origin of this phenomenon. Observed fluctuations corresponded to those predicted by the models.
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PMID:[Ecologic dynamics of infectious diseases. II. Periodic recurrence of epidemics]. 264 30

Guillain-Barre syndrome is known as one of the autoimmune disease, but the etiology, pathophysiology relating immune reaction, as well as the treatment are not established. It still causes physical handicap although its rate is low. The causes, clinical symptoms and outcome of 132 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome have been analyzed. The patients' ages ranged from 4 months to 15 years. The antecedent events for 56.1% of the patients were known. These were upper respiratory tract infection, unexplained fever, vomiting, diarrhea, vaccination, measles, german measles, shigellosis, mumps, hepatitis, pertussis and surgery in order of frequency. The CSF protein level reached a maximum at 12.3 +/- 9.5 days. Steroids did not influence the outcome of this disease. More studies are necessary to conquer the disease.
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PMID:Guillain-Barre syndrome in Korean children. 274 76

Virus shedding was detected in 77% of homosexual subjects and in only 6% of heterosexual controls. The overall virus isolation rate in homosexual subjects was not significantly different among HIV-seropositive (79%) and HIV-seronegative (74%) individuals. In about 20% of homosexual subjects, virus shedding from multiple sites was observed. The most frequently isolated virus was cytomegalovirus (CMV) (41%), followed by enteroviruses (23%), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (7%), and adenoviruses (6%). In the control group, about 50% of subjects were seronegative for HSV-1 and 2, and about 70% were negative for CMV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Only 2% of homosexuals were seronegative for CMV, about 5% for HSV-1 and 2, and about 20% for EBV. No differences were found in antibody levels against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) among the control and homosexual groups. The proportion of seronegatives for Coxsackie and hepatitis viruses was significantly higher in control than in homosexual subjects. However, no differences in the proportion of seronegatives for measles, mumps, and rubella were observed. No HIV-antibody-negative individual was detected with an OKT4/OKT8 ratio of less than 0.75. On the other hand, only HIV-positive subjects, with a ratio of less than 0.75, had high serum IFN alpha titers. The results suggest that the high rate of virus shedding among HIV-negative homosexual subjects might be a factor in the development of AIDS in this high-risk population.
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PMID:Virus isolation and immune studies in a cohort of homosexual men. 290 92

This paper examines threshold and stability results for simple mathematical models for the transmission of infectious diseases with permanent natural immunity. Examples of such diseases are measles, chicken-pox, hepatitis, and mumps. An important feature of this work is the introduction of an age structure into the population amongst whom the disease is spreading and, in particular, the realization of the fact that the contact rate itself may depend on age. Equilibrium and stability analyses are performed on these models. These results are in part directed towards establishing conditions sufficient for the existence of a nonzero equilibrium disease level to be possible. Conjectures about the existence of a nonzero solution to a set of partial integrodifferential equations are examined. These conditions determine the circumstances under which the disease will persist. Particular emphasis is devoted to the case where the meeting rate depends on age.
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PMID:Threshold and stability results for an epidemic model with an age-structured meeting rate. 305 30


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