Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 7 patients 10 cycles (5 to 21 days, dosage: 30 to 430 mg, median 138 mg) of OKT3 therapy were performed after liver transplantation. In all patients reactivation of an EBV-infection with hepatitis was observed. Two patients treated with high dosages (430 mg respectively 195 mg) developed lymphoproliferative lesions. In one patient with persistent EBV-infection (dosage: 360 mg) a B-cell-lymphoma was diagnosed. This patient died 26 months after transplantation.
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PMID:[Experiences with monoclonal antibody orthoclone OKT3 following liver transplantation]. 166 31

A case is described of an HIV+ man who was successfully treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma, but who later developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 3 years later when his immune system became suppressed. The patient was 22 years old when he presented with fever, asthenia, weight loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy. With Hodgkin's lymphoma he also had positive serology for HIV and hepatitis B. He was treated with alternate courses of MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy. In 1990 he again appeared with high fever, progressive cervical, axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy, with hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement on x-ray. CD4 lymphocytes were 577/cubic mm, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.57 (normal 1.8). His cervical lymph node biopsy was classified as non-B non-T large-cell anaplastic lymphoma which was EBV-positive. A Western Blot was positive for small amounts of p24 and p18 antigens. The man was treated with MACOP-B chemotherapy, with some results, but died of sepsis 6 weeks later. The relationships between Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the timing of the neoplasm in the course of HIV infection, and the possible re-activation of hepatitis virus were discussed.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after prolonged remission of Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected patient. 166 42

This paper reviewed the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of 484 lymphoma patients with known hepatitis B status. Comparisons were made between the hepatitis B surface antigen positive and negative patients. Also, the effect of treatment for lymphomas, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, in the hepatitis B antigen positive patients were analysed. The hepatitis B status was determined in 484 Chinese lymphoma patients at the time of initial diagnosis. Hepatic complications occurring during therapy for lymphomas were analysed. Although our lymphoma patients had a similar prevalence of hepatitis B markers of 42 per cent, they had a strikingly higher positive rate of 22 per cent for hepatitis B surface antigen and a relatively lower positive rate of 20 per cent for antibody, as compared to the respective figures of 9.5 per cent and 33 per cent in the control population. The hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients were younger than the negative patients but their treatment outcomes were similar despite the higher incidence of hepatic complications (21 per cent) in the hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients during therapy for lymphomas. None of the clinical parameters analysed appeared to be useful in predicting the development of these complications which included fatal liver failure (5.7 per cent), icteric hepatitis (5.7 per cent) and anicteric hepatitis (9.5 per cent). The high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in our lymphoma patients may be related to the immunosuppressive effect of lymphomas. There is no definite evidence to suggest that hepatitis B infection has an aetiological or promoting role in the pathogenesis of lymphomas. Hepatitis B infection has contributed to the high incidence of hepatic complications during therapy for lymphomas and possible ways of prevention need to be investigated.
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PMID:Hepatitis B infection in patients with lymphomas. 170 Nov 55

A 17-year-old male patient with T-cell type lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete remission underwent high dose chemotherapy (busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). The patient had been taking oral acyclovir (200 mg x 5) daily from seven days prior to the ABMT (day -7). On day +24, he complained of epigastralgia and general malaise, and the next day his GOT and GPT rose to 570 U/l and 397 U/l, respectively. Although he had no mucocutaneous lesions, hepatitis caused by a herpes virus was suspected, and high dose intravenous acyclovir (10 mg/kg x 3/day) was immediately started. His GOT, GPT and total bilirubin reached peaks of 2,870 U/l on day +26, 1,830 U/l on day +27 and 10.3 mg/dl on day +39, respectively, and rapidly improved thereafter. Serological analyses on IgG antibody titers to herpes simplex virus type 1 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed specific increases (454-fold before transplantation to 3,830-fold on day +46). Antiviral antibody titers to cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus showed no significant changes. The serologic markers of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus and hepatitis C virus were all negative. The results indicate the patient's severe icteric hepatitis to have been caused by a reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 due to immunosuppression after high dose chemotherapy with ABMT. It is suggested that prompt commencement of high dose intravenous acyclovir is required to treat severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis affecting immunocompromised patients.
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PMID:Severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis following autologous bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with high dose intravenous acyclovir. 175 18

Herein we describe the isolation, physicochemical characterization and preclinical evaluation of a water-soluble biologic response modifier extracted from Sclerotium glucanicum. Alkaline extraction of insoluble S. glucanicum exopolymers produced a soluble scleroglucan composed of a triple-helical beta-1,3-linked glucopyranose backbone with single beta-1,6-linked glucopyranosyl branches every third subunit. Scleroglucan has a weight average molecular mass of 1.56 x 10(6) Da, a weight average root mean square distance from the center of gravity of the molecule to its farthest elements of 51.8 nm, a polydispersity (weight-average molecular mass/number average molecular mass) of 1.83 and intrinsic viscosity of 3.081 dl/g. Scleroglucan (250 mg/kg, intravenously) stimulated in vivo murine macrophage phagocytic activity (66%, P less than .001) and increased in vitro macrophage tumor cytotoxicity against syngeneic tumor targets by 124% (P less than .05). Scleroglucan enhanced (P less than .001) murine bone marrow proliferation in a biphasic manner by up to 328%. Scleroglucan therapy increased survival of mice challenged with syngeneic lymphoma, melanoma or adenocarcinoma. AKR/J mice bearing syngeneic lymphoma (1 x 10(3) cells, intraperitoneally) demonstrated increased (P less than .001) long-term survival (100% vs. 0%, greater than 64 days). C57Bl/6J mice bearing syngeneic melanoma B16 (5 x 10(5) cells, subcutaneously) demonstrated increased long-term survival (64% vs. 0%, P less than .05). C57Bl/6J mice bearing syngeneic adenocarcinoma BW10232 (1 x 10(5) cells, subcutaneously) demonstrated increased (P less than .05) median survival time. In addition, scleroglucan prophylaxis increased resistance of mice to challenge with Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and mouse hepatitis virus A-59. Scleroglucan did not induce toxicity or hepatomegaly. We conclude that: 1) a branched, water-soluble beta-1,3-linked scleroglucan biologic response modifier can be extracted from S. glucanicum; 2) scleroglucan will stimulate immunity, modify experimental neoplastic disease and increase resistance to microbial challenge; and 3) scleroglucan shows promise as an immunopotentiating drug.
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PMID:Isolation, physicochemical characterization and preclinical efficacy evaluation of soluble scleroglucan. 190 59

One hundred Chinese patients who received induction cytotoxic therapy for malignant lymphoma were prospectively studied to determine the incidence, morbidity, mortality, and predisposing factors for reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication during cytotoxic therapy. In 18 (67%) hepatitis B surface antigen-positive and 10 (14%) hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients, hepatitis developed during cytotoxic therapy (P less than 0.0001). Hepatitis could be attributed to exacerbation or reactivation of chronic hepatitis B in 13 (72%) hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients but in only 2 (20%) hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients (P less than 0.0001). Sudden increase or reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication gave rise to icteric hepatitis, nonfatal hepatic failure, and death in 22.3%, 3.7%, and 3.7% of patients who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen; in 2%, 2%, and 0% of those positive for hepatitis B antibodies; and in none of those who were seronegative. Among the hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients, male sex was the only factor that was associated with an increased risk of reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication. We recommend that hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients with malignancies receiving cytotoxic therapy be closely monitored.
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PMID:Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study. 198 20

Fourteen patients with T-cell-derived leukemia and lymphoma underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-T-cell monoclonal antibody-treated autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). All patients were either in sensitive relapse or had adverse prognostic features, and five patients had a history of bone marrow involvement with disease. Patients received a median of 2 (1 to 3) prior chemotherapy regimens; 10 patients received local radiotherapy. After high-dose ablative therapy, greater than 500/mm3 granulocytes and greater than 20,000 untransfused platelets/mm3 were noted at a median of 23 (13 to 48) and 26 (15 to 43) days post-ABMT, respectively. Natural killer (NK) cells, T cells (predominantly T8+), and monocytes were noted within the first 1 to 2 months post-AMBT, as seen in other series. Disease-free survival was a median of 10.1 months, 5.9 months for patients with T acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma and 25.6 months for patients with T non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Toxicities were common and severe. Thirty-six percent of patients developed bacteremias early post-BMT. Late complications included a skin rash consistent with graft versus host disease; infections with Herpes zoster, hepatitis, and Pneumocystis carinii; and the development of Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative syndrome. Our findings suggest that patients who have undergone T-depleted ABMT have a profound immunodeficiency not reflected in the phenotypic reconstitution of the T and NK cells. Characterization of the functional deficiency may facilitate the development of methods to reduce the long-term toxicity of AMBT in these patients.
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PMID:T-cell-depleted autologous bone marrow transplantation therapy: analysis of immune deficiency and late complications. 219 91

Efficiency of ceftriaxone (Rocephin Hoffman Laroche) was assessed in 16 children aged between 3 and 14 years and in 4 adults aged between 17 and 70 years with severe infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts caused by E. coli. S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis or enterococci. Pyelonephritis as a sole pathology was diagnosed in 10 patients whereas in further 8 patients it complicated other diseases (nephrotic syndrome, hepatitis, cholangitis, leukemia). Pneumonia complicated nephritis leukemia or lymphoma in 8 children. Peritonitis was diagnosed in 1 adult patient. Ceftriaxone was given in a single daily dose of 50 mg/kg to all children and 2.0 g to adult patients for 7-10 days. No adverse reactions were noted. Clinical improvement was achieved in all treated patients. Cultures became negative in 17 cases after the treatment. Significant bacteremia caused by P. aeruginosa persisted in 2 patients and by E. coli in 1 patient. No toxic effects on liver, renal, pancreatic and bone marrow functioning were seen. Ceftriaxone may be safely and efficiently used for the treatment of the urinary and respiratory infections.
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PMID:[Use of ceftriaxone in urinary and respiratory tract infections]. 223 13

Methotrexate (MTX) is frequently used as an antifolics agent in many malignant neoplasms such as leukemia, lymphoma and osteosarcoma. The major side effects of MTX are liver and renal damages, bone marrow suppression and so on. But careful management and citrovorum factor rescue could decrease the incidence and degree of these side effects. In this report, we described a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed and died of fulminant hepatic failure soon after the administration of intermediate dose MTX. Serological tests for HB virus were not changed throughout, and lymphocyte stimulation test for MTX was strongly positive. His autopsy revealed no inflammatory cell infiltration into the liver, but marked biliary congestion which is a distinctive feature of drug induced hepatitis. From above results, it was suggested that nature of this fulminant hepatic failure was an allergic reaction to MTX. There is no previous report which is concerning about MTX and fetal drug related hepatic failure.
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PMID:[Fulminant hepatic failure induced by intermediate dose methotrexate in a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 228 73

To focus attention on the problem of infant mortality in Lebanon, data were compiled on infant mortality from 1978 to 1986 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Causes of death are analyzed for 602 males and 398 females. 54.9% deaths occurred at 1 month of age and 77.4% died within the 1st year. Autopsies were performed on .7%. 37.7% of all neonatal deaths were due to neonatal diseases such as hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia neonatorum, immaturity, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, meconium aspiration, and kernicterus. Better prenatal care would reduce this group, or the administration of corticosteroids to the mother 24-48 hours prior to delivery, as well as rapid resuscitation at birth and prevention of the 5 curses: hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypotension, and acidosis. Although unavailable in Lebanon, administration of surfactants through an endotracheal tube would also help. Infections constitute 25.1% of deaths; many are preventable through adequate public health measures and strict personal hygiene, i.e., diseases such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and 1-2 cases of the following: diphtheria, measles, peritonitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, cytomegalis inclusion, herpes, parathyphoid, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and shigellosis. Congenital diseases were 21.6%. In utero diagnosis could prevent some diseases and in utero treatment is possible for hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis. Screening programs postnatally could lead to treatment. 5.9% were malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, histocytosis, Wilm's tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Early diagnosis is critical if mortality is to be reduced in this group, but medical advances are still needed. 2.9% are miscellaneous diseases such as poisoning, rheumatic diseases, marasmus, Reye's syndrome, nephrosis, rickets, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases are preventable, except for rheumatic inflammation of the heart. Recommended necessary steps to reduce infant mortality are: prenatal care, diagnosis and screening, intrauterine surgery; resuscitation and intensive care centers with modern equipment and trained personnel; national vaccination and screening programs; adequate public health measures and hygiene; parental education; and well-equipped hospitals to serve all regardless of income level.
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PMID:Pediatric mortality: an avoidable tragedy. 251 28


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