Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the patients of the consulting point for rheumatic diseases of the policlinical institute of the Karl-Marx-University Leipzig analytic examinations of the course for the existence of the LE-cell factor were carried out. We used the loose-body-test after van Soeren as screening test, controlled positive test results for several times under the same experimental conditions and supplemented it by the LE-cell test after Zinkham and Conley or later on by the immune fluorescence test. All patients with positive proof of LE-cells were examined for reference signs concerning a visceral lupus erythematodes, in which cases at the beginning of the examination nobody fulfilled the criteria of the diagnosis of a visceral lupus erythematodes. We tested the constancy of the proof of the LE-cells as well as the diagnosis in the course of longer periods. Typical changes of a visceral lupus erythematodes were seen only rarely. In 2 patients the joint processes were concomitant symptoms of a chronic aggressive hepatitis. In the p.c.p. at stage II to IV with positive LE-cell factors in the first place must be thought of a proof of LE-cell factors induced by drugs. In these cases gold is of practical importance. We could confirm that in contrast to the typical active visceral lupus erythematodes in p.c.p. the antinuclear factors have only a weakly positive result and are above all inconstant.
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PMID:[Differential-diagnostic and prognostic significance of antinuclear factors]. 6 60

By an extensive standardisation of the indirect immunofluorescence for the demonstration espeially of mitochondrial antibodies we succeeded in recognizing atypical fluorescence patterns and in describing their exact localisation. On the basis of absorption studies with mitochondrias, microsomas and ribosomas by comparative observation of sections of liver, stomach and kidneys of rats the preferred sort of reaction and the intensity of fluorescence of antibodies against mitochondria, microsomas and ribosomas were empirically established. Antimitochondrial antibodies react above all with the parietal cells of the stomach and the distal epithelia of the tubulus of the kidney. Antibodies against microsomas of liver and kidney are characterized by a brilliant diffuse cytoplasmatic fluorescence of the hepatocytes and by a comparatively weaker fluorescence of exclusively proximal tubuli of the kidneys of rats. Antibodies against ribosomas lead to a fluorescence especially of the main cells of the stomach. The differentiation of several cytoplasmatic antibodies is among others of interest for the diagnosis of certain autoimmune diseases. Although there are numerous still unclear findings and "overlap" phenomena the existence of high titre antibodies against mitochondrias speaks for a primarily biliary cirrhosis or a pseudo-LE-syndrome, the existence of antibodies against microsomas of kidney and liver of rats for a special form of a chronically active hepatitis and the existence of the very rare antibodies against ribosomas for an active lupus erythematodes disseminatus.
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PMID:[Standardized indirect immunofluorescence. Differentiation of mitochondrial, microsomal and ribosomal antibodies]. 32 56

A characteristic alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester hydrolase, alkaline pH optimum, EC 3.1.3.1) was detected in the sera of most patients with infectious mononucleosis, acute and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The enzyme was also present in the sera of nine out of 26 patients with cancer of the cervix. N-APase in these cases counted 30-100% of the total alkaline phosphatase activity. N-APase was absent from the sera of healthy individuals and of patients with acute and chronic granulocytic leukaemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. Only three of 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease showed n-apase activity in the serum. In infectious mononucleosis the presence of N-APase activity was well correlated with the clinical course. In 13 cases studied, the clinical improvement was associated with the decrease or disappearance of N-APase activity. N-APase activity could not be detected in white cells of acute myeloid leukaemic patients, nor in the cells of myeloid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. It was present in the cells of lymphoid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
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PMID:N-alkaline phosphatase: a potential disease marker for lymphoproliferative disorders. 43 2

An overview of dermatological diseases which occur in conjunction with oral contraceptive (o.c.) use is presented. An increase in pigmentation during o.c. use is attributed to an increase in the binding of cortisol with transcortin caused by the estrogen component, which leads to an increase in melanin-stimulating hormone production. Sebum production is decreased during o.c. use, which has a beneficial effect in cases of acne and seborrhea oleosa. This effect is most pronounced with preparations containing chlormadinon acetate, which has an antiandrogenic effect. O.C. use can influence hair growth by disturbing the balance between anagenic and telogenic hairs. Androgenetic alopecia is most often caused by preparations containing nortestosterone. Peroral dermatitits, lupus erythmatodes visceralis and similar disorders, and allergic skin reactions have been observed among o.c. users. Porphyria cutanea tarda is generally found in young women in conjunction with o.c. use, which can be related to liver dysfunctions. Vaginal candidosis is also more frequently found among o.c. users, particularly in conjunction with combination preparations. Herpes gestationes can occur during o.c. use, mainly among women who developed it during pregnancy. Progesterone appears to be responsible for provoking the condition. 166 patients who developed dermatological disorders during o.c. use were studied according to the preparation each used. Acne vulgaris improved more frequently among Ovosiston users. A marked increase in vaginal fluor indicated an increase in trichomoniasis and candida mycosis. In all observed cases of porphyria cutanea tarda, liver damage (hepatitis, cyrrhosis, or fatty liver) could be ascertained.
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PMID:[Reactions and side effects of ovulation inhibitors on the skin]. 72 69

In chronic active hepatitis (CAH, n=58) 70% of the HBsAg negative and 48% of the HBsAg positive cases showed a CMI against human liver specific proteins (HLPI). Using HBsAg as antigen only 12% of the HBsAg negative and 24% of the HBsAg positive cases gave a CMI response. On the basis of HBsAg and autoantibodies in the serum CAH patients could be divided into 4 subgroups. A close correlation between CMI against HLPI, sex, ANA and HL-A-8 could be detected. In a follow-up study of patients with acute virus B hepatitis (n=62) CMI against HBsAg was detected in 60% of the cases in the acute phase of the disease but in 15% only 3-6 months after the onset of the illness (n=40). In patients who developed a chronic HBsAg carrier status 3 of 5 cases remained persistently positive with HLPI as antigen in the migration inhibition test. - In non-hepatic diseases in which immunological abnormalities may be present (malignant diseases n=46, diabetes mellitus n=27, active tuberculosis, n=18 and untreated systemic lupus erythematodes, n=5) only 26% of patients with malignant diseases showed a migration inhibition with HLPI. - Using different antigens such as human liver specific proteins (HLP), rabbit liver specific proteins (RLP), brucella suis antigen and tuberculin it was possible to demonstrate the validity of the two-step migration inhibition test to detect CMI. The results with different antigens in hepatic and non-hepatic diseases demonstrated that cell-mediated immunity of HLPI is an organ specific immune reaction which is associated with acute and chronic active liver diseases as a time limited or long-lasting phenomenon. Positive reactions in some tumor patients suggest that different mechanisms may elicit an autoimmune reaction against liver antigens.
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PMID:Organ-specificity and diagnostic value of cell-mediated immunity against a liver-specific membrane protein: studies in hepatic and non-hepatic diseases. 108 22

Human lysosomes were isolated from normal peripheral blood leukoyctes and characterized by electron microscopy, enzyme analysis, and assays for DNA and RNA. Stored sera from 37 unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including active and inactive, treated and untreated cases, were tested in complement fixation (CF) reactions with these lysosome preparations. 23 SLE sera exhibited positive CR reactions, as did sera from two patients with "lupoid" hepatitis. The seven SLE sera with strongest CF reactivity also demonstrated gel precipitin reactions with lysosomes. Neither CF nor precipitin reactions with lysosomes were observed with normal sera or with sera of patients with drug-induced lupus syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), polymyositis, or autoimmune hemolytic anemia. By several criteria the antilysosome CF and precipitin reactions of SLE sera cound not be attributed to antibody to DNA, RNA, or other intracellular organelles. The lysosomal component reactive with SLE sera in CF assays was sedimentable at high speed and is presumably membrane associated. The CF activity of two representative SLE sera was associated with IgG globulins by Sephadex filtration. A search for lysosomal antigen in SLE and related disorders was also made. By employing rabbit antiserum to human lysosomes in immunodiffusion, a soluble lysosomal component, apparently distinct from the sedimentable (membrane-associated) antigen described above, was identified in serum, synovial fluid, or pleural fluid from patients with SLE, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, and leukemoid reaction. An antigenically identical soluble component reactive with the rabbit antiserum could be released in vitro from intact lysosomes by repeated freeze-thaw cycles..
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PMID:Studies with human leukocyte lysosomes. Evidence for antilysosome antibodies in lupus erythematosus and for the presence of lysosomal antigen in inflammatory diseases. 109 14

This retrospective study evaluated treatment with sulfasalazine (SAS) in a mean dosage of 2.1 g/day in 95 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were followed-up for 3 months to 4 years. Mean disease duration was 7 years; 79 patients had previously received at least one disease-modifying drug. Four per cent of patients were lost to follow-up. Mean duration of treatment was 15 months (3 weeks-50 months). Treatment continuation rates were 57% at one year, 40% at two years, and 26% at three years. Reasons for discontinuation of SAS included adverse effects (n = 24), inefficacy (n = 33), and death unrelated to SAS therapy (n = 2). In four patients, SAS was discontinued within three months of the first dose because of a severe adverse effect (diffuse erythematous rash, diffuse bullous rash, hepatitis with jaundice, agranulocytosis). SAS-induced biologic markers for lupus were seen in one patient. Furthermore, 12% of evaluable patients developed antinuclear antibodies during SAS therapy. The SAS treatment continuation rate was higher (p = 0.05) among patients under 40 years of age (n = 18) than among older patients. This difference was due to a correlation between age and tolerance with less SAS-induced side effects in patients under 40 years of age (p = 0.03). The SAS treatment continuation rate was unrelated to the duration of rheumatoid arthritis or number of previous maintenance treatments. This study suggests that rheumatoid arthritis patients under 40 years of age exhibit better tolerance to SAS therapy.
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PMID:[Therapeutic maintenance and tolerance of sulfasalazine in rheumatoid polyarthritis. Retrospective study of 95 patients]. 136

An evaluation of the diagnostic value of low avidity antibodies to double stranded DNA (dsDNA) measured by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) assay was undertaken. By routine screening low avidity anti-dsDNA were detected in the serum samples of 106 hitherto unknown patients. Clinical data of these patients were collected and when only low avidity anti-dsDNA was present (n = 92) a varied disease spectrum was observed. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was established in 48/92 (52%), lupus-like disease in 21/92 (23%), autoimmune hepatitis in 9/92 (10%), rheumatoid arthritis in 8/92 (9%), and mixed connective tissue disease in 2/92 (2%) of all patients. Patients with definite SLE were all older than 45 years and predominantly female (46/48, 96%). They showed a remarkably low incidence of renal disease (2/69, 3%). When high avidity antibodies to dsDNA as measured by the Farr assay were present as well (n = 14) a diagnosis of SLE could be established in 12/14 (86%) of all patients, indicating the secondary importance of low avidity anti-dsDNA in these patients.
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PMID:Low avidity antibodies to dsDNA as a diagnostic tool. 280 96

The interaction of the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) nucleocapsid protein (N) and viral RNA was examined. Monoclonal antibody specific for N protein coimmunoprecipitated MHV genomic RNA as well as all six MHV subgenomic mRNAs found in MHV-infected cells. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies to the MHV E2 or E1 envelope glycoproteins, an anti-I-A monoclonal antibody, and serum samples from lupus patients did not immunoprecipitate the MHV mRNAs. Moreover, the anti-N monoclonal antibody did not coimmunoprecipitate vesicular stomatitis virus RNA or host cell RNA under conditions which immunoprecipitated all MHV RNAs. These data suggest a specific interaction between the N protein and the virus-specific mRNAs. Both the membrane-bound and cytosolic small MHV leader-specific RNAs of greater than 65 nucleotides long were immunoprecipitated only by anti-N monoclonal antibody. These data suggest that an N binding site is present within the leader RNA sequences at a site at least 65 nucleotides from the 5' end of genomic RNA and all six subgenomic mRNAs. The larger leader-containing RNAs originating from mRNA 1 and mRNA 6, as well as the MHV negative-stranded RNA, were also immunoprecipitated by the anti-N monoclonal antibody. These data indicate that the MHV N protein is associated with MHV-specific RNAs and RNA intermediates and may play an important functional role during MHV transcription and replication.
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PMID:Interactions between coronavirus nucleocapsid protein and viral RNAs: implications for viral transcription. 284 40

In a study of the etiology of idiopathic habitual abortion, we have found 2 patients with a history of 5 and 4 spontaneous abortions respectively, possibly caused by autoimmune abnormalities. In the plasma of one of the patients we had found the presence of lupus anticoagulans and other lupus antibodies, whereas the other suffered from a latent autoimmune hepatitis. We describe the successful treatment of the 2 womens' subsequent pregnancies with subcutaneous heparin supplemented with acetylsalicylic acid.
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PMID:Treatment of habitual abortions associated with autoimmune abnormalities. A report of two cases. 324 41


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