Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Overt liver disease caused by left-sided heart failure is seldom recognized unless there is obvious hypotension. We now report 4 patients whose initial diagnosis was hepatitis but who were later shown to have central hepatic necrosis associated with left ventricular failure. Signs of right-sided heart failure were absent. Hepatitis was initially suspected in 3 patients because of striking transaminase elevations and in 1 patient because of jaundice and symptoms compatible with hepatitis. Liver biopsies performed on all patients revealed central hepatic necrosis without evidence of acute or chronic hepatitis. Left ventricular failure was documented in all 4 patients. One patient had coronary artery disease, and the other three patients had valvular heart disease. Liver function tests became normal or improved in all cases as the underlying heart disease was treated. We believe that liver dysfunction secondary to left ventricular failure is not uncommon and can be seen in the absence of right-sided heart failure or hypotension.
 ...
PMID:Left-sided heart failure presenting as hepatitis. 63 89

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response using DNCB was studied in 51 apparently healthy Pakistanis and 60 patents with acute and chronic liver diseases. A Positive response was observed in all the healthy subjects, 22 out of 29 cases with acute viral hepatitis, 8 out of 22 patients with post-necrotic cirrhosis, one out of three cases of liver cancer and all the cases of alcoholic cirrhosis. It was postulated that hyperactive cell mediated immune response and a heavy exposure to hepatitis virus may be resonsible for the observed pattern of liver disease in Pakistan.
 ...
PMID:DNCB sensitivity in healthy Pakistani subjects and patients with liver disease. 65 81

Human liver contains an acid cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) of presumed lysosomal origin, but its significance is unknown. We developed a modified CEH radioassay suitable for needle biopsy specimens and measured hepatic activity of this enzyme in 69 patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy. Histologically normal livers hydrolyzed 5.80 +/- 0.78 SEM mumoles of cholesterol ester per hr per g of liver protein (n, 10). Values were similar in alcoholic liver disease (n, 17), obstructive jaundice (n, 9), and miscellaneous hepatic disorders (n, 21). In contrast, mean hepatic CEH activity was more than 3-fold elevated in 12 patients with acute hepatitis, 21.05 +/- 2.45 SEM mumoles per hr per g of protein (P less than 0.01). In 2 patients studied serially, CEH returned to normal as hepatitis resolved. CEH activity in all patients paralleled SGOT levels (r, 0.84; P less than 0.01). There was no correlation with serum levels of free or esterified cholesterol nor with serum activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for cholesterol esterification in plasma. These studies confirm the presence of CEH activity in human liver and show markedly increased activity in acute hepatitis. The pathogenesis and clinical significance of altered hepatic CEH activity in liver disease require further study.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic cholesterol ester hydrolase in human liver disease. 68 May 3

Recent studies suggest that the ratio of plasma alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine is increased specifically by chronic heavy alcohol consumption. To test this hypothesis, we determined this ratio in normal controls and (1) currently drinking chronic heavy alcoholics; (2) currently abstaining chronic alcoholics; (3) patients with nonalcoholic liver disease; (4) chronically alcohol-fed rats and mice; (5) mice infected with murine hepatitis virus; and (6) mice exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Mean ratios in control persons, drinking alcoholics, abstaining alcoholics, and nonalcoholic liver disease patients were not statistically different. Of 5 drinking alcoholics followed serially from the beginning of abstinence, 1 had an elevated ratio on admission and a persistently elevated ratio even 2 weeks later; another had a ratio more elevated after 2 weeks of abstinence, than on admission; and 3 had ratios in the normal elevated after 2 weeks of abstinence than on admission; and 3 had ratios in the normal range. Compared to control rats, chronically alcohol-fed rats had a significantly elevated mean ratio after 1 month and an even higher ratio after 2 months (P less than 0.001). In control, alcohol-fed and carbon tetrachloride-treated mice, alpha-amino-n-butyric acid was undetectable, but in two sets of mice with severe murine hepatitis virus infection, elevated ratios were found. We conclude that because the ratio of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine is not necessarily elevated in chronic heavy alcoholics but can be elevated in acute experimental liver cell injury, it does not appear to be a specific marker for the detection of alcoholism.
 ...
PMID:Plasma alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine ratio: nonspecificity as a marker for alcoholism. 71 Aug 26

In 27 male patients (age 31--60 years) with chronic hepatic diseases--10 of which with alcohol-toxic cirrhosis (ACi), 10 with hepatitic cirrhosis (HCi) and 7 with chronic aggressive hepatitis (CHAH)--total testosterone (T) and total oestradiol-17 beta (E2) in plasma were determined before and after HCG i.m. as well as LH and FSH before and 30 min and 60 min after LH-RH i.v. T, E2, LH and FSH were evaluated by specific RIA. Basal T was significantly decreased in ACi in comparison to normals and to HCi and CHAH. The increase after stimulation with HCG was reduced in all patient groups. Mean E2 before stimulation was altered in none of the groups compared to controls. After HCG there was an inadequate response only in ACi. Before as well as after stimulation with LH-RH, LH and FSH were increased in all patient groups. Our results point to the following: In males with chronic hepatic failure a testes insufficiency often occurs, which may depend on the etiology and the stage of the liver disease. An additional pituitary insufficiency appears not to exist.
 ...
PMID:[Investigations on pituitary-testes axis in males with chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. 71 23

Stokke has described a lysosomal cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) in human liver. To clarify the significance of this enzyme, we first modified Stokke's assay to enable CEH determination in hepatic needle biopsies. Studies established optimal pH of 4.6--5.2 and linearity of hydrolysis for at least 12 hours, using homogenates containing about 2 mg liver and radiolabeled cholesterol oleate as substrate. The assay was then applied to patients undergoing percutaneous needle biopsy. Hepatic CEH activity in alcoholic liver disease, obstructive jaundice and a variety of other hepatic disorders was not significantly different from that in histologically normal livers. In patients with acute hepatitis, however, mean CEH activity was more than 3-fold increased (P less than 0.01). Values paralleled SGOT levels, returned to normal as hepatitis resolved, and were unrelated to serum cholesterol levels or to lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. In contrast to CEH, activity of acid phosphatase, a standard lysosomal marker enzyme, was the same in hepatitic as in normal livers. We conclude that CEH can be assayed in needle biopsies of human liver, that its activity increases in acute hepatitis, and that this is probably not simply due to a nonspecific general increase in lysosmal enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Studies on human hepatic cholesterol ester hydrolase in liver disease. 74 52

To determine the clinical significance of serum bile acid measurements, changes in the serum bile acid composition in liver diseases and endogenous bile acid clearance due to test meal loads were investigated. In the case of changes in the serum bile acid composition, a characteristic pattern of a remarkable increase of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was found in fulminant hepatitis. In patients with acute hepatitis, increases in CDCA were somewhat greater than those of cholic acid (CA) and there was tendency for these changes to precede changes in other liver function tests. In cases of extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, the CA/CDCA ratio was a large value exceeding 1.0. In investigations of endogenous bile acid clearance, serum bile acid concentration two hours after the text meal load clearly reflected the hepatic disorder and it was useful in differentiating between active and inactive form in chronic hepatitis and compensation and decompensation in liver cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of serum bile acid measurement in liver diseases. 74 93

Progressive liver injury in chronic active liver disease is usually associated with elevation of serum immunoglobulin levels. However, the role of immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of this disease is still obscure. We report here the case of a 41-year-old man with hypogammaglobulinemia since at least 1964 in whom chronic active liver disease later developed. From 1954 he had had frequent respiratory tract infections, and these continued, along with diarrhea, despite regular gamma-globulin therapy. Studies in 1969 showed absent serum IgA and IgM and an abnormally low level of IgG. In 1974, liver enzyme abnormalities were recorded and a diagnosis of chronic active liver disease was made. A liver biopsy showed cirrhosis with active hepatitis. Lymphocyte function studies revealed that the T cells suppressed B-cell maturation and production of immunoglobulins. He was treated with azathioprine and prednisone, and this therapy has been associated with a decrease in both the elevation in liver enzymes and the frequency of infections. This case suggests that liver cell injury in chronic active liver disease is independent of the elevation of immunoglobulins and that immunosuppressive therapy may be well tolerated by patients with hypogammaglobulinemia.
 ...
PMID:Chronic active liver disease with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. 76 94

Oxazepam (Serax) is a tranquilizer-sedative of the benzodiazepine group that is predominantly metabolized to a pharmacologically inactive glucuronide and subsequently excreted by way of the kidneys. We administered this drug as a single oral dose to seven patients with acute viral hepatitis, to six with cirrhosis, and to age-matched control subjects. Elimination half-life (T1/2) and the apparent oral plasma clearance for the drug in patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis were comparable to values obtained in age-matched controls (P greater than 0.05). In addition, the apparent volume of distribution of oxazepam, its plasma binding, blood/plasma ratio, and the rate of urinary excretion of oxazepam, predominantly as the glucuronide, were comparable (p greater than 0.05) in the two groups of patients with liver disease and their respective controls. Unlike many other sedatives, oxazepam is eliminated normally in patients with parenchymal liver disease an therefore, on pharmacokinetic grounds, seems to be an excellent sedative for use in such persons.
 ...
PMID:Normal disposition of oxazepam in acute viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. 76 32

129 blood donors found to be HBsAg-positive on routine testing were studied for evidence of hepatic disease. Twelve had already lost the antigen from the serum when histologically examined. None of these has had clinical or histological evidence of inflammatory liver disease. Two of the 129 patients showed mild icteric hepatitis, cleared the antigen during the follow up and became anti-HBs positive. The remaining 115 patients who appeared clinically healthy and who had no history of previous icteric liver disease remained HBsAg positive during a mean follow up period of 17.3 +/- 3.0 months. Forty patients from these had a normal liver histology and 37 mild to distinct steatosis but no signs of inflammatory liver disease. 11 patients a mild nonspecific mesenchymal activity but no focal necrosis, 16 patients had mild infiltration in portal tracts and a few necrotic parenchymal cells with mesenchymal reaction, 6 patients had chronic persistent hepatitis, 4 chronic aggressive hepatitis, and 1 definite posthepatic cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:[The characterization of clinically healthy hepatitis-b-surface-antigen (HBsAg)-carriers. Clinical, biochemical, histiological and immunological investigations in 129 case of a prospective study (author's transl)]. 78 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>