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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipoprotein electrophoresis with measurement of serum lipids was performed on 115 patients with various forms of liver disease. There was a reduction in alpha-lipoproteins and an increase in beta-lipoproteins, as well as a reduced separability of pre-beta and beta fractions in those with acute viral hepatitis. All these changes regressed completely with healing. Similar changes were shown also in chronic liver disease and were most marked in acute liver failure, but also marked in decompensated liver cirrhosis and chronic progressive hepatitis, while less marked in chronic persistent hepatitis and compensated liver cirrhosis. In patients with fatty livers there were no characteristic findings other than a slight increase in pre-beta lipoproteins. On the other hand, the lipoprotein pattern was markedly changed in cases with tumour in the region of the gallbladder, but similar changes were noted also with tumours at other sites. They are, therfore, unlikely to be liver-specific.
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PMID:[Lipoprotein pattern in acute and chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. 17 52

The results of liver biopsy in 100 patients with tuberculosis are reported. In 8 patients, biopsy only occurred secondarily, during liver disease which appeared during antituberculous treatment. In five cases, the association of rifamycin and isoniazid was probably responsible and the mild histological signs noted suggested a favourable course after stopping one of the drugs or simply reducing the dose. The 3 other patients had virus hepatitis and biopsy was of prognostic interest by revealing the onset of post-hepatic cirrhosis. In 92 cases, liver biopsy was carried out before treatment. In 34 cases the liver was normal, in 38 patients there were hisotlogical changes which did not suggest tuberculosis but, probably, alcoholism. These were : steatosis, in 21 cases, cirrhosis in 8 cases, a mixture of steatosis and cirrhosis in 4 cases, and acute alcoholic hepatitis in 5 cases. Finally, in 20 cases, biopsy revealed an appearance of granulomatous hepatitis. Although this lesion is significant in the development of the disease, it is not characteristic of tuberculosis unless there is caseous necrosis, as in 2 cases, and unless culture of the biopsy material is positive, as in one case out of 9, i.e. the diagnostic interest of liver biopsy is not very great compared with prognostic interest. By determining the anatomical condition of the liver, often not obvious when simple liver function tests are carried out, it permits one to forsee to some extent the tolerance of the liver to antituberculous treatment, especially in alcoholics.
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PMID:[Information obtained by liver biopsy in 100 tuberculous patients]. 17 Jun 85

Acute viral hepatitis has several identifiable morphologic components but the major categories are (1) cytopathic, (2) inflammatory, and (3) regenerative. Each category has independently variable characteristics. Extreme alterations related to severity of disease, alteration of immune response, or pre-existing liver disease may result in diagnostic difficulties for the pathologist. In contrast to the usual concept, patients who survive fulminant viral hepatitis rarely, if ever, develop cirrhosis and those who have severe hepatic necrosis from hepatitis also do not usually develop serious sequelae of that disease except in the older age group where the difficulty is in impaired regeneration (IR). The usual criteria for the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis or chronic aggressive hepatitis need a thorough review since many of the variations of acute viral hepatitis result in histologic patterns that might be considered to be chronic aggressive hepatitis using the previous definitions; yet such patients recover without developing chronic liver disease. Chronic active hepatitis, a progressive hepatic disorder, is characterized by changes in the distribution of necrosis and regeneration within the lobule from that usually observed in acute viral hepatitis. Persistent viral hepatitis, a development in 10 to 12 per cent of adult patients after icteric acute disease, is characterized by a "cobblestone" hepatocellular change that resembles continued regeneration, focal hepatocytolysis, and often portal lymphoid hyperplasia. Apparently with time, these histologic features fade and the incidence, in type B PVH, of "ground glass" HBs Ag laden cells increases. This may reflect a continued adaptation of host and virus to one another.
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PMID:Viral hepatitis: a pathologic spectrum. 17 49

During a 23 year period at Memorial Hospital, the diagnosis of liver cell carcinoma was made in 42 patients who were 11 to 40 years old. Ninety per cent were Caucasian, mostly born in the United states. No occupational hazard was detected. Serum hepatitis antigen was demonstrated in only one patient. Alpha fetoprotein was found in the serum of 55 per cent of nine patients tested. Eight-three per cent were Rh positive, 43 per cent were ABO groups, A or O, respectively. Twenty-three per cent of 13 patients with sufficient material for study had an associated cirrhosis. Of these, active hepatitis with cirrhosis was present in one patient; postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in another. Approximately 7 per cent had a history of previous liver disease. One patient had infectious mononucleosis, and nearly 13 per cent gave a family history of cancer. Weight loss or pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant was present in 65 per cent, and hepatomegaly was found in 88 per cent. Only one patient presented with hemoperitoneum simulating an acute condition within abdomen. The liver profile examinations characteristically revealed an elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase, 5 nucleotidase, and Bromsulphalein retention with normal bilirubin level. The most common finding, upon roentgenographic examination, was an elevated right hemidiaphragm. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric angiography and 99mTc sulfur colloid liver scans were both done in 13 patients. There was a 75 per cent accuracy rate in localization of the tumor. At laparotomy, the tumor was found to be confined to one lobe in seven patients and involved both lobes in ten. Twenty-seven patients were thought to have multicentric tumors and 15 unicentric lesions. Only ten were found to be candidates for hepatic lobectomy. Five and ten years survival rates were 20 per cent; the operative mortality rate was 40 per cent. Twenty per cent died within a year, ten per cent, one patient, is alive with disease at 28 months and another is free of disease at 31-months. Paraneoplastic syndromes were erythrocytosis in two patients, terminal stage of hypoglycemia in one patient, and hypocholesterolemia with associated excess beta globulin in one patient.
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PMID:Liver cell carcinoma during the prime of life. 17 34

Significant liver disease developed in 14 patients after renal transplantation. Nine patients had morphologic and functional evidence of chronic active hepatitis. In general, these patients had few symptoms of liver disease, even though the course of chronic active hepatitis was progressive. Despite large doses of prednisone, cirrhosis ultimately developed in five patients. The cause of chronic active hepatitis could not be related to azathioprine or methyldopa therapy because there was no perceptible change in the course of liver disease after treatment with these drugs was stopped. Three patients were persistently positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Isolated instances of granulomatous hepatitis (Mycobacterium kansasii) and of prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis were encountered in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Two patients had acute cytomegalovirus hepatitis. There was one episode each of fulminant herpes simplex hepatitis and severe fatty metamorphosis.
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PMID:Liver disease in renal transplant recipients. 18 93

This paper gives, in detail, the causes of either liver disease or hepatomegaly in 100 patients, mostly adults, admitted to the medical wards of Angau Memorial Hospital, Lae, during 1968 and 1969. The major findings included liver cell carcinoma, cirrhosis (often with chronic active hepatitis), tropical splenomegaly, pericholangitis and hepatitis. There were 27 with miscellaneous findings including ten with normal, or almost normal, livers despite the definite enlargement. Patients with liver cell carcinoma presented late in the course of their illness and had a poor prognosis. Others, with pericholangitis, had clinical features of portal hypertension indistinguishable from that complicated cirrhosis. There was an unexpected number with chronic active hepatitis and a liver biopsy is essential for such a diagnosis. Hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytosis is almost invariably found in patients with TS but may occasionally be found in those with a non-palpable spleen. Patients with right heart failure of chronic respiratory disease, and jaundice of acute pneumonia were excluded from the study.
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PMID:Liver disease in Papua New Guinea. 19 19

With the development of simplified methods of bile acid analysis, a new era has drawned in the evaluation of hepatobiliary disease. 1. A total serum bile acid particularly in the postprandial periods is more sensitive than either BSP or ICG for the detection of minimal liver disease and will become a useful screening method. 2. The ratio of chenodeoxycholate to cholate in serum together with the total concentration can often distinguish hepatitis and cirrhosis from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis with normal liver cell parenchyma. However, in practice this is usually of less value than the total serum bile acid level. 3. Changes in serum bile acids throughout a 24 hour cycle reflect the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and the capacity of the liver to transport them. These patterns are most useful in judging the severity of cholestasis and response to resin therapy. They also provide new insights into the pathophysiology of bile acid metabolism and excretion in different diseases of the liver.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum bile acids. 19 97

Hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (IF) in liver biopsies from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis A virus infection. Blocking experiments with paired sera from patients with hepatitis types A, B, or non-A, non-B, as well as with purified HA Ag, showed that the fluorescence was specific for HA Ag. HA Ag could be demonstrated only in biopsies from chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis A virus. In two of four chimpanzees biopsied weekly, HA Ag could be detected by IF before stool shedding of HA Ag, elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), or histopathological evidence of liver disease was seen. The HA Ag was detected for 4 to 5 weeks; the last IF-positive biopsy was obtained after SGPT activity had returned to normal. In the two other chimpanzees, HA Ag could be detected only in the biopsy taken at the time of SGPT elevation. In the early IF-positive biopsies, HA Ag was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of many cells, but it later accumulated in a focal distribution in the cytoplasm of a few of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. This cytoplasmic distribution agrees with previous electron microscopic data.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis A antigen by immunofluorescence. 20 May 65

The chief causes of liver disease in Ethiopia are reviewed, considering hospital data on admissions for hepatitis, cirrhosis, ascites and hepatoma. Liver diseases account for 11.4% of all medical admissions in 3 medical wards in Addis Ababa. The causes are viral hepatitis, post- hepatic and post necrotic and mixed cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic cirrhosis is rare. Viral hepatitis with shivering, rigor and fever and elevated direct bilirubin levels are common in Ethiopians, especially in child-bearing women. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is often associated with hepatitis. The disease may be transmitted by several species of mosquitoes, placental transmission, or feces, urine, saliva or semen. Blood products are not screened for hepatitis B. Cirrhosis is common, and causes significant mortality, usually from esophageal varices and hepatic coma. Chronic active hepatitis patients may live for a time, especially if they are near a hospital and are treated with steroids. In Ethiopia presenting symptoms for hepatoma are anorexia, weight loss, persistent, burning, right upper quadrant pain, and a hard, nodular, tender RUQ mass. Over 5% of malignancies seen are primary hepatocellular carcinomas. 50% have HBsAG, compared to 3.8% of controls. 65% have alpha-fetoglobulins. It is suggested that some viral hepatitis cases progress to cirrhosis, of which some go on to hepatocellular carcinoma. Herbal medicines, aflatoxins and other toxins may also contribute to liver disease.
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PMID:Current views on liver diseases in Ethiopia. 20 62

Liver disease is a common complication in renal transplant recipients. Several types of liver disease can occur. The most common are acute and chronic hepatitis. The variety of acute hepatitis include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, herpes simplex hepatitis and azathioprine hepatitis. The incidence of azathioprine hepatitis may not be as high as initially suggested. Chronic hepatitis is a serious problem because the disease seems to be progressive despite prednisone therapy. The causes of this chronic hepatitis are not fully known, although hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus have been implicated. Discontinuation of azathioprine therapy has no appreciable effect on the course of chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:Liver disease in renal transplant recipients. 20 90


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