Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the effect of rifampin on pruritus in 12 patients with chronic liver disease: non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 3), alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 4), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 4), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 1). The study was a crossover, randomized, double-blind trial where placebo and drug were given daily in identical capsules (300 mg) for 2 weeks each, with a 1 week washout before and after each cycle. Mean duration of pruritus was 1.6 years (range of 4 months-5 years). Blood tests were done weekly and patients used a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 100 to mark their level of itchiness daily. Only transaminases were significantly lower while the patients were on rifampin. VAS scores were minimally affected by either rifampin or placebo. At the end of the trial, four patients said they were less itchy on rifampin and three preferred placebo. Of these seven patients, small falls in VAS scores occurred in two patients on rifampin and two on placebo; there was no change in the remaining three. There was little change in serum bile salt levels during the trial. No patient became jaundiced and deepening of jaundice did not occur in the four patients with initially elevated bilirubin. We conclude that a daily 300 mg dose of rifampin was not effective in relieving pruritus in a variety of chronic liver diseases.
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PMID:Failure of rifampin to relieve pruritus in chronic liver disease. 218 5

From February 1978 to November 1989, 118 orthotopic liver transplantations were performed in 106 patients, including 100 adults and 6 children; 11 of these grafts were performed before 1984. The study of this series emphasizes the casuistical peculiarities, with high incidence of alcoholic cirrhosis, 24/106 (22.6%) and of fulminating hepatitis, 17/106 (16%). The study of the results yields a real survival rate of 61% in the total series, 78% for the recent period including the past 3 years, and 86% if excluding the emergent cases. The comments also deal with the changes in the procedure and in postoperative complications, with some immunological issues and with the peculiar features connected with the insertion of this operation into a combined medical and surgical program of multi-organ transplantation.
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PMID:[Experience in hepatic transplantation. Report of 118 cases]. 222 37

Concentrations, patterns and distribution in different lipoprotein classes of human serum gangliosides were investigated in acute and chronic liver diseases of different etiologies. The total concentrations of gangliosides were moderately elevated in sera of patients with cirrhosis and acute B or NANB virus hepatitis, but almost 3-fold in those with severe cholestasis. Up to three unknown gangliosides appeared in the sera of six out of nine patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. They accounted for 11-27% of total serum gangliosides. In acute viral hepatitis very small amounts of these gangliosides were inconsistently detected. In severe cholestasis (bilirubin greater than 10 mg/dl) the distribution of serum gangliosides was altered in different lipoprotein classes including lipoprotein X (LP(x)). The results indicate that the liver produces serum gangliosides. The diseased liver is supposed to affect the total concentration, pattern and distribution of serum gangliosides in different lipoprotein classes as a result of at least two different pathogenetic events: the qualitative and quantitative alterations of their biosynthesis and secretion into the circulation (cirrhosis); and the alteration of lipoprotein metabolism following cholestasis.
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PMID:Altered concentrations, patterns and distribution in lipoproteins of serum gangliosides in liver diseases of different etiologies. 229 19

Spontaneous regression of oesophageal varices in liver cirrhotics without sclerotherapy or shunt operation has only been known in alcoholic cirrhosis after alcohol abstinence. Therefore, 20 liver cirrhotics of different aetiologies were controlled over 13 years (six alcohol, nine hepatitis, five haemochromatosis). Under strict alcohol abstinence, all underwent treatment with lactulose and ammonia-reducing amino acids to improve the urea synthesis in the liver. Since gastrointestinal bleeding was not observed, neither sclerotherapy nor shunt operation were performed. Initially, all patients had oesophageal varices (nine stage III, three stage II-III, eight stage II). Following conservative therapy, eight cirrhotics showed total regression and twelve showed stage I-II. Their Child-Pugh index, and urea synthesis rate improved significantly. Possible causes for the spontaneous regression of oesophageal varices are strict abstinence from alcohol, spontaneous seroconversion in six posthepatic B-cirrhoses and consequent phlebotomy in haemochromatosis.
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PMID:Spontaneous regression of oesophageal varices after long-term conservative treatment. Retrospective study in 20 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, posthepatitic cirrhosis and haemochromatosis with cirrhosis. 205 Oct 8

Seventy patients, selected from 265 patients with proved variceal bleeding, underwent a distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) procedure with or without splenopancreatic disconnection (SPD). Alcoholic cirrhosis was the cause of portal hypertension in 57% of the patients. The operative mortality was 13% (Child's classes A and B 2%, class C 66%). Despite fewer varices in all of the patients, variceal rebleeding and death occurred in one patient (2%). Late portal perfusion was observed in 91% of the patients, with worsening in 23%, compared with the preoperative study. Persistent hepatocyte necrosis and incomplete SPD were the most significant prognostic factors for decreased perfusion (presence and absence of necrosis, 38% and 12%, respectively; DSRS and DSRS with SPD, 43% and 12%, respectively). SPD also decreased ongoing hepatocyte damage. Post-shunt encephalopathy was clinically evident in 7% of the patients, but after electroencephalographic evaluation, it increased to 24.6%. Significant factors in its development included decreased portal perfusion (62% versus 14%), active hepatitis (48% versus 17%), and incomplete SPD (43% versus 14%). The higher late liver-related mortality was associated with a lack of or decreased portal perfusion and the absence of SPD.
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PMID:Selective variceal decompression and its role relative to other therapies. 236 77

Pi phenotype was determined in 335 patients with liver diseases and compared with the results in 2830 healthy blood donors. Eleven of 335 patients had phenotype MZ (3.3%, compared with 2.9% in healthy blood donors (NS]. None of 53 patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis had the MZ phenotype, but it was found in 2 of 18 patients (11.1%) with cryptogenic cirrhosis, 3 of 78 (3.8%) with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, 2 of 36 (5.6%) with primary sclerosing cholangitis, and 1 of 26 (3.9%) with primary biliary cirrhosis. Altogether, 3 of 335 patients were homozygous for Pi ZZ and had cirrhosis. One of them (a male) developed a hepatoma and died. We conclude that the reported association between Pi MZ phenotype and chronic non-B active hepatitis does not seem to include patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, whereas the possibility of an association between cryptogenic cirrhosis and the MZ phenotype cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Heterozygous MZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in adults with chronic liver disease. 240 84

Liver transplantation is a highly successful therapy for liver diseases that were previously debilitating and often fatal within a few months. One-year actuarial patient survival for our first 162 patients is 74.7%. Our results have improved since the inception of the program despite the fact that the indications have been extended to higher risk patients such as those with fulminating hepatitis or thrombosed portal veins. The prognosis following transplantation for each specific indication needs to be defined, especially for hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis and individual cancers. We believe that a more conservative approach to immunosuppression, close attention to intravenous and enteral nutrition, and aggressive treatment of complications (including prompt reoperation when indicated) have been important improvements in our management practices.
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PMID:Liver transplantation at the University of Michigan. 248 60

A human T-cell clone (TA-NB-2) that could lyse both autologous and allogeneic hepatocytes from chronic hepatitis patients with type non-A, non-B virus (NANB) was established. This clone produced CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and expressed an antigen specific for alpha and beta subunits of T-cell receptor. The cytotoxic activity of the clone was abrogated by incubation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies did not block the lysis of the target hepatocytes by TA-NB-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of TA-NB-2 clone against hepatocytes from patients with chronic NANB hepatitis was 39.8 +/- 13.2% (mean +/- SD; n = 17) (range, 14.2-60.5%), whereas that against hepatocytes from control patients with chronic type-B hepatitis, acute hepatitis B, acute hepatitis A, or alcoholic liver cirrhosis was 4.0 +/- 7.7% (n = 12) (range, -10.8 to 14.0%). The results suggest that TA-NB-2 cells specifically recognize a hepatitis NANB-related antigen expressed on hepatitis NANB-infected hepatocytes by T-cell receptor and that the recognition is not restricted by the major histocompatibility complex antigens. The results also suggest that most, if not all, cases of chronic hepatitis due to NANB are caused by one agent; TA-NB-2 clone may be useful as a tool to identify this particular hepatitis-related antigen.
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PMID:Establishment of a human T-cell clone cytotoxic for both autologous and allogeneic hepatocytes from chronic hepatitis patients with type non-A, non-B virus. 249 38

Since 1970, the types of glomerulopathy encountered in patients with cirrhosis of the liver have been accurately determined. In alcoholic cirrhosis IgA glomerulonephritis is frequent, usually non-proliferative and latent, sometimes membranoproliferative. Defective elimination of circulating immune complexes made up of bacterial or food antigens and IgA antibodies is thought to play a part in the pathogenesis of this type of glomerulonephritis. Extramembranous or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, occasionally containing the viral antigen, may complicate post-hepatitis cirrhosis, in which case an antiviral treatment might be effective against the renal disease.
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PMID:[The glomerulopathies of cirrhosis of the liver]. 252 8

Alcohol inhibits phospholipase (PL) activity in a number of animal models. We have therefore measured prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), liberated by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils respectively in chronic alcoholics and in control subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from alcoholics produced less PGE2 (p less than 0.01) and neutrophils produced less LTB4 (p less than 0.025). Reduced PGE2 production by PBMC of alcoholics was corrected by the addition of exogenous arachidonic acid (p less than 0.005) whilst neutrophil LTB4 production remained lower in the alcoholics (p less than 0.01). Percutaneous liver biopsies were undertaken in the 20 alcoholics having abnormal liver function tests. Prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis was lower in PBMC from patients with alcoholic hepatitis than with alcoholic cirrhosis (p less than 0.05). Analysis of PBMC fatty acid composition demonstrated that endogenous arachidonate and linoleate contents were not significantly different in alcoholics and controls. Cells from controls and alcoholics were incubated with 0, 50 and 150 mmol/l ethanol for two hours but there was no alteration in PGE2 or LTB4 biosynthesis. In summary, we found reduced eicosanoid production by peripheral leucocytes in alcoholics, supporting the hypothesis that chronic alcohol consumption either inhibits membrane bound phospholipase activity or enhances, alternatively, catabolism of eicosanoids. This phenomenon is more marked in alcoholic patients with hepatitis than in those with cirrhosis alone.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 synthesis by peripheral leucocytes in alcoholics. 255 53


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