Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

Patients attending a clinic for diseases of the liver were tested for blood-ethanol by a gas chromatographic technique sensitive to about 5 mg/dl (1 mmol/1). Of 172 patients (51 men, 121 women) 36% gave a history of heavy drinking (greater than 80 g ethanol/day; equivalent to 8 fl oz of whisky or 1 litre of wine) and 13% had ethanol in the bloodstream at values of 8-400 mg/dl. 42 patients (24%) had the liver-biopsy changes of alcoholic liver disease, and 17 of these had ethanol in the blood at one time or another. Nearly half (22/49) of all patients admitting heavy drinking also had detectable blood-ethanol. In all cases but 1 where blood-ethanol was found, a drinking history was admitted on first attendance, and alcoholic liver disease was nearly always found on subsequent biopsy. Blood-ethanol and admission of drinking were most constantly found in association with alcoholic steatosis and hepatitis. Both features were less commonly present in cases of alcoholic cirrhosis. Only 1 patient of 22 with "cryptogenic" cirrhosis on biopsy was found to have both ethanol in the blood and an alcoholic history, although 5 had an alcoholic history alone. The value of serial blood-ethanol estimations in the treatment of alcoholics and the detection of relapses is demonstrated. The findings confirm the relatively low frequency of alcoholism as a contributor to cirrhosis in the United Kingdom. Alcohol does not seem a major cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Casual blood-ethanol estimation is a useful and objective adjunct to techniques of investigating diseases of the liver.
 ...
PMID:Casual blood-ethanol estimations in patients with chronic liver disease. 5 Nov 46

Ther serum concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured by radio-immunoassay in 98 patients with liver disease including hepatoma, chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and acute virus B hepatitis. Raised AFP levels, above 30 ng/ml, were found in 87% of patients with acute viral hepatitis, in 82% of patients with primary liver cell carcinoma, in 58% with chronic active hepatitis and in 14% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. However, levels above 1 000 ng/ml were found only in patients with hepatoma and in acute viral hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:alpha-Fetoprotein in liver disease. 7 25

During the 11 1/2 year period ending 13 months ago, 93 consecutive patients were treated with orthotopic liver transplantation. Fifty-six of the recipients were 18 years old or younger, and the other 37 were adults. The most common indications for operation were biliary atresia, primary hepatic malignant tumor, chronic aggressive hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. There has been a gradual improvement in results throughout the period of study, although to a satisfactory level. Twenty-seven of the 93 patients survived for at least one year after liver replacement with a maximum of six years, and 16 are still alive after 13 to 71 months. The 11 late deaths after one to six years were caused by chronic rejection, biliary obstruction, recurrence of hepatoma, systemic infection or hepatitis of the homograft. Rejection of the liver as judged by classical histopathologic criteria played a surprisingly small role in the heavy over-all mortality, accounting for less than 10 per cent of the deaths. Technical or mechanical problems, especially those of biliary duct reconstruction, were a far greater cause of failure, as were systemic infections. Six of the 37 adult recipients had lethal cerebrovascular accidents during, or just after, operation. When abnormalities of liver function developed in the postoperative period, the nearly automatic diagnosis of homograft rejection, in retrospect, proved to have been wrong in most instances. Further development of liver transplantation depends upon two kinds of progress. There must be reduction of operative and early postoperative accidents and complications by more discriminating patient selection, purely technical improvement and better standardization of biliary duct reconstruction. The second area will be in sharpening the criteria for the differnetial diagnosis of postoperative hepatic malfunction, including the liberal use of transhepatic cholangiography and needle biopsy. Only then can better decisions be made about changes in medication or about the need for secondary corrective surgical procedures.
 ...
PMID:Orthotopic liver transplantation in ninety-three patients. 17 41

The chief causes of liver disease in Ethiopia are reviewed, considering hospital data on admissions for hepatitis, cirrhosis, ascites and hepatoma. Liver diseases account for 11.4% of all medical admissions in 3 medical wards in Addis Ababa. The causes are viral hepatitis, post- hepatic and post necrotic and mixed cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic cirrhosis is rare. Viral hepatitis with shivering, rigor and fever and elevated direct bilirubin levels are common in Ethiopians, especially in child-bearing women. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is often associated with hepatitis. The disease may be transmitted by several species of mosquitoes, placental transmission, or feces, urine, saliva or semen. Blood products are not screened for hepatitis B. Cirrhosis is common, and causes significant mortality, usually from esophageal varices and hepatic coma. Chronic active hepatitis patients may live for a time, especially if they are near a hospital and are treated with steroids. In Ethiopia presenting symptoms for hepatoma are anorexia, weight loss, persistent, burning, right upper quadrant pain, and a hard, nodular, tender RUQ mass. Over 5% of malignancies seen are primary hepatocellular carcinomas. 50% have HBsAG, compared to 3.8% of controls. 65% have alpha-fetoglobulins. It is suggested that some viral hepatitis cases progress to cirrhosis, of which some go on to hepatocellular carcinoma. Herbal medicines, aflatoxins and other toxins may also contribute to liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Current views on liver diseases in Ethiopia. 20 62

The serologic and tissue markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were studied in 50 patients in whom hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was confirmed at autopsy. Serologic and tissue markers included serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), tissue HBsAg, tissue hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg), and serum antibody to HBcAg (anti-HBc). Twenty-two patients had HCC arising in alcoholic cirrhosis; 2 of the 22 (9.1%) had one or more of the HBV tissue and serologic markers. This infection rate is similar to the rate of 7.9% observed in 63 control alcoholic cirrhotic patients without HCC. In contrast, 15 of 20 (75.0%) patients with HCC in nonalcoholic chronic active liver disease showed evidence of active HBV infection. One of 8 patients with HCC in normal liver had serum HBV markers. This result indicates that there is an extremely high prevalence of HBV infection among HCC patients with nonalcoholic chronic liver disease in the U.S.A. The prevalence of HBV infection in these patients is as high as that observed in Asia and Africa. Thus, it can be concluded that the lower prevalence rate of active HBV infection in HCC patients in the U.S.A. is the result of statistical dilution of HCC-B-viral disease by the large numbers of the alcoholic cirrhotic patients with HCC, and that if chronic active hepatitis type B were as common in the United States as it is in Africa and Asia, the frequency of occurrence of HCC might also be as high.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S.A., etiologic considerations. Localization of hepatitis B antigens. 21 88

In patients who have impaired hepatic reserve, the Warren shunt has been proposed as an effective operation because it decompresses the esophageal varices without disturbing portal perfusion of the liver. However, early reports of high operative mortality and technical difficulties have impeded acceptance of the procedure. The operation was done in a series of 17 patients. All patients in whom elective variceal decompression with a patent splenic vein was required and without clinical ascites were candidates for this operation. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 48 months. Six patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, two had primary biliary cirrhosis and seven had postnecrotic cirrhosis; in two the cause of the liver disease was unknown. Five patients were categorized as Child's class A, nine as class B and three as class C. No intraoperative or early postoperative deaths owing to hemorrhage occurred. However, there was one death two weeks postoperatively from pulmonary sepsis and one death five weeks postoperatively due to antigen-positive hepatitis. Two patients died from hepatic failure six weeks and five months after operation, respectively; in the first of these, chronic active hepatitis was diagnosed at the time of operation. In one patient hemorrhage recurred and transfusion was required. Although ascites, which eventually resolved, developed in eight patients after operation, the results in 76 percent of patients have been good without new episodes of hemorrhage or encephalopathy. We conclude that the Warren shunt is a safe and effective elective operation for the treatment of patients in whom hemorrhage from esophageal varices has occurred.
 ...
PMID:The Warren shunt in treating bleeding esophageal varices. 31 64

The authors describe a case of cirrhogenic hepatitis due to Pexid which was given for 8 months at 400 mg/day for a severe angina pectoris. We find here the anatomo-clinical profile of perhexiline maleate hepatiits already described in approximately 20 cases. There was a cirrhogenic evolution in our case as in 5 others : but here cirrhosis was revealing and seems stabilized since the treatment was stopped. The cirrhogenic evolution could be due to a cumulative effect of the drug and/or to an immuno-allergic mechanism as in alcoholic cirrhosis which is very similar, especially from an anatomical point of view. However cirrhogenic hepatitis differs by a characteristic lysosomal overload : brown pigment under microscopic observation and lipolysosomes with in some cases a lamellar structure under electron microscopic observation. The prescription of such a drug should be limited to cases of refractory angina pectoris and needed a regular clinical and biological survey.
 ...
PMID:[Cirrhogenic hepatitis due to perhexiline maleate: general review based upon one new case with ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. 36 26

Lymphocytes from patients with HBs-Ag-positive and -negative acute, chronic-persistent, and chronic-active hepatitis, from healthy controls and from patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were tested under standardized conditions. These included use of a single charge of Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) dissolved and diluted in one operation, of a single pool of homologous serum of the major blood group AB found free of HBs-Ag and cytotixic factor, and elaboration of PHA dose response curves in the presence of autologous and homologous serum in each case examined. During the early phase of acute virus hepatitis B and non-B, and in HBs-Ag-positive chronic persistent and active hepatitis, hyperresponsiveness of lymphocytes to PHA was observed independently of the source of the serum present in the culture. Lymphocyte responsiveness returned to normal in the later phase of acute hepatitis and depressed in alcoholic liver cirrhosis and in cases of HBs-Ag-positive chronic active hepatitis in which cirrhosis had developed. Although the cause of these alterations in lymphocyte responsiveness is not completely understood, the central role of a primary change of the lymphocytes themselves affecting their ability to react to PHA seems probable.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in hepatitis B antigen-positive and -negative hepatitis. 44 26

Different methods of performing the (14C) aminopyrine breath test have been assessed. A tracer dose of 2 muCi without a loading dose and with a single breath collection at two hours was the method selected, since it gave the best discrimination between patients with hepatocellular diseases and normal subjects (5.2 +/- 0.2%, mean +/- SEM). Reduced values occurred in patients with chronic active hepatitis (with and without cirrhosis) (1.5 +/- 0.2%), alcoholic cirrhosis (1.7 +/- 0.4%) and hepatitis (2.5 +/- 0.3%), and late primary biliary cirrhosis suggesting defective microsomal function with respect to demethylation. Normal results were common in early primary biliary cirrhosis. Two weeks of prednisolone therapy caused some improvement in the breath test in nine of 10 patients with chronic active hepatitis. It is concluded that the (14C) aminopyrine breath test is a simple test for detecting hepatocellular dysfunction, but has no obvious diagnostic advantage over the determination of serum aspartate transaminase and two hour post-prandial bile-acids.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of the (14C) aminopyrine breath test in liver disease. 62 4


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>