Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

6 commercially available ELISA kits and 4 new Brazilian made methods for detecting HIV were compared on 2 panels of sera, 292 from AIDS patients, HIV-positives and negatives, and 180 sera from asymptomatic blood donors, including 90 HIV-positives. The kits tested were 5 ELISAs: Roche Diagnostica (Basel), Hoechst Enzygnostic (Sao Paulo), Virgo Electronuclionics (Columbia MD), Organon Teknika (Boxtel, Netherlands), Salck Industria e Comercio de Produtos Biologicos (Sao Paulo), and a passive hemagglutination test, (Salck Ind), and indirect immunofluorescence IIF (Virgo electronucleonics, Columbia), a dot blot (Embrabio, Empressa Brasiliera de Biotecnologia Ltda, Sao Paolo) and Karpas AIDS cell test, Fujichemical Industries Ltd (Chokeiji, Takaoka, Japan). The sensitivities ranged from 84.2% to 100% with no significant differences in sera from panel A. In panel B, the sensitivity of the PHA test was significantly lower than that of the ELISA and the AIDS cell tests. The specificities of the PHA and the AIDS cell tests were also lower than that of the ELISA. The costs of all the tests were similar, but the equipment needs varied. The simplest tests to perform were the dot blot assay, PHA and Karpas AIDS cell test. The Hoechst ELISA is simpler because it does not require dilution of the serum. The dot takes too long for use in a blood bank, 16-18 hours. Immunofluorescence tests would be practical in countries already screening blood for malaria or Changes disease. Brazil is not doing so on a large scale due to lack of political will. In countries with high incidence of malaria, Chagas disease, leishmania, hepatitis and leprosy, HIV test need to be tested on local sera because of possible B cell activation.
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PMID:Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent and alternative assays for detection of HIV antibodies using panels of Brazilian sera. 209 32

Dysfunction of taste perception is a significant problem for many individuals. Taste anomalies may affect health not only by directly affecting liquid and solid food intake, but also by creating a state of depression due to the loss of an important source of pleasure. Many factors alter taste perception, such as lesions of the oral mucosa, cigarette smoking, radiation, chemotherapy, renal disease, hepatitis, leprosy, hormones, nutrition, use of dentures, medications, and aging. Gum or ice chewing may temporarily help loss of taste. Patients should be encouraged to chew their food thoroughly, alternating the sides of the mouth, or alternating different foods. Unfortunately, in many cases there is no cure for this alteration, and patience is then the only possibility.
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PMID:[Factors that alter taste perception]. 212 67

Three-hundred-eighty-four leprosy patients were clinically examined for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in north and northeastern India, revealing a high incidence (5.2%) of STD among them. Eighteen males, one female, and one eunuch were found to have chancroid ulcer, gonococcal urethritis, lymphogranuloma inguinale, and primary chancre. Of these patients, only 100, selected randomly, could be screened serologically for STD due to Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex (type 1 and 2), Entamoeba histolytica, hepatitis-associated virus, cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); 100 control sera were included for comparison. In addition, sera from another 133 normal subjects and another 176 lepromatous patients were also screened for HIV antibody. Thus, a total of 233 normal sera and 276 leprosy sera were tested for HIV antibody. Although our leprosy patients have shown significantly high incidences of clinical STD and also high seropositivity against T. pallidum, herpes-simplex viruses types 1 and 2, hepatitis-associated virus, and cytomegalovirus, the search for antibody against HIV was negative. Our clinical and serological data suggest promiscuity in our patient population. The absence of HIV antibody in this high-risk population, however, seems to be an enigma.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases in leprosy patients in north and northeastern India. A futile search for human immunodeficiency virus antibody. 228 Jan 16

Nine patients of leprosy, 5 BL and 4 LL who developed jaundice during the course of disease were investigated. Two LL patients developed jaundice during ENL reaction. There was slight hepatomegaly in 5 patients and moderate splenomegaly in 3 only. There was significant alterations in liver enzymes and serum bilirubin in all patients. The abnormalities of the enzymes levels persisted for abnormally long periods even when the serum bilirubin had come down and the patients had become asymptomatic. Blood for HBsAg and anti-HAV IgM was negative in all the patients except one in whom HBsAg was positive. Drugs could not be implicated as the cause of jaundice, all patients maintained recovery even after restarting antileprosy drugs. The possibility of non A, non B viruses producing hepatitis during the course of disease is brought out. Course of prolonged jaundice in leprosy is compared with other diseases which could result in a similar situation.
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PMID:Leprosy, liver and jaundice. 311 6

Dapsone (4-4-diaminodiphenyl-sulfone) is a member of the sulfone group of antibiotics used in the treatment of leprosy and various dermatitidies and more recently employed in the management of local reactions to the bite of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa. A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy. A case report of the hypersensitivity syndrome occurring in a patient being treated with dapsone for a brown recluse spider bite is presented.
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PMID:Case report: dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome associated with treatment of the bite of a brown recluse spider. 319 22

In Guadeloupe, from January 1980 to December 1984, 420 leprosy patients were put under daily multidrug therapy: 10 mg/kg RMP plus 100 mg DDS during six months for paucibacillary patients, 10 mg/kg RMP plus 100 mg DDS during 24 months supplemented during the 12 first months with 10 mg/kg of a thioamide, ethionamide or protionamide, for multibacillary patients. The approval to the treatment was satisfactory in all the patients with active leprosy, new cases and relapse cases, less in the inactive patients already treated with dapsone only. The patients's compliance to treatment was satisfactory too. The lepra reactions were observed with a 19% frequency which is not different of the 15% frequency of lepra reactions observed in patients treated with DDS only. Hepatitis were observed only in multibacillary patients treated with PTH and RMP with a 14% frequency. Discontinuing treatment with RMP and PTH but not DDS resulted in recovery. When RMP was resumed without PTH, the hepatitis did not recur. All patients responded favorably under multidrug therapy and no relapse was observed among the 45 paucibacillary patients after a four year-surveillance and among the 16 multibacillary patients after a three year-surveillance.
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PMID:[5-year assessment of daily multi-drug therapy of leprosy in Guadeloupe since 1980]. 329 12

The authors have studied tolerance of multibacillary patients to 4 MDT regimens. These 4 regimens consist of: One supervised part in which RMP-ETH combination in once-monthly administered; furthermore, in 2 of these regimens, is included one "starter phase" with daily doses of that combination for 2 months. One self-administered part during which CLO is associated either to DDS for new cases, or to ETH for relapses. Clinical Supervision: Out to 310 multibacillary patients, 7 cases of hepatitis with or without icterus, but no death due to the treatment. Interruptions of MDT have been temporary and have been observed in 0.9 to 5.6% of the patients according to the therapeutic regimen. Checking SGOT: The SGOT were abnormally high in 16.3% of the patients before treatment. These pre-existing liver damages do not favour the appearance of intolerance disorders. During MDT, abnormal increases in SGOT are observed in 27% of the patients but there is no exact correlation between the absorbed doses of ETH and the frequency in SGOT increases. The clinical or biological evidence of liver damages occur rather early (1st, 2nd month) in regimens with "starter phase", and later (4th-8th month) in those without "starter phase". But introduction of "Starter phase" does not increase the global frequency of such intolerance accidents. ETH combined with RMP, must be used under steady clinical and biological supervision. Recalling the results of a previous survey, the authors consider that a long duration of MDT is not necessary. For the multibacillary leprosy treatment, they propose a diphasic regimen, more easily applicable in the field than the WHO protocols. In this diphasic regimen, the only part which must be supervised is the initial "starter phase" of 2 month. It consists of daily administration of 3 antibacillary drug among which RMP and ETH. The second phase is a relay treatment using 2 drugs, CLO combined with DDS or ETH, self-administered until smear negativity.
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PMID:[Multi-drug therapy trials for leprosy in Senegal: first observations relative to liver tolerance of multibacillary patients. Therapeutic consequences]. 329 13

The prevalence of cutaneous, medical and surgical disorders was studied in 846 leprosy patients. Common cutaneous disorders among leprosy patients were pityriasis versicolor, tinea, pyodermas, warts, acquired ichthyosis, scabies, pediculosis and callosities. Only pityriasis versicolor had higher incidence when compared to general population. Common medical diseases were tuberculosis, infective hepatitis and diabetes mellitus. The epidemiological importance of their co-existence with leprosy is discussed and relevant literature of other diseases found to be frequently associated with leprosy is reviewed.
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PMID:The associated diseases with leprosy. 344 Aug 51

Twenty freshly diagnosed, previously untreated, adult male patients with paucibacillary leprosy were treated with Multi drug therapy (MDT) according to WHO regimen (1982). The patients remained in the hospital throughout the course of the study. At the end of six months treatment, they were evaluated clinicobacteriologically and histologically for evidence of the disease activity. Active disease was present in 55% of the patients at the end of six months treatment. DDS had to be discontinued in one patient who developed hepatitis.
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PMID:Short term chemotherapy of paucibacillary leprosy. 357 96

Nonhuman primates are excellent animal models for human diseases because of their close relationship to humans. Indeed, comparisons of the chromosomes and DNA homologies between primates and humans testify to the commonality of the genetic material between these phylogenetically related species. Not surprisingly, this close relationship at the genotypic level extends to the phenotypic level. Thus, the patho-physiological responses of humans and nonhuman primates to internal and external insults are remarkably similar. Two types of human diseases for which nonhuman primates are paramount animal models are discussed. One type includes diseases with defined, single agent etiologies and to which all members of the species are genetically susceptible. Examples of these are leprosy, AIDS, hepatitis and Parkinson's disease. A second type represents diseases that have a substantial genetic component, but are multifactorial and are greatly influenced by the environment. Examples of these are diabetes, lymphoma, atherosclerosis, alcoholic cirrhosis and anxiety disorders. Nonhuman primates are also ideally suited to the role of animal models in the new area of human gene therapy. In the future, biomedical research will focus increasingly on genetic manipulations such as the transfer of genes from one individual to another to correct genetic diseases, particularly those diseases caused by single recessive gene defects. Before gene transfers are attempted in humans, they should be done in nonhuman primates. In a real sense, nonhuman primates, as animal models, represent the "step to man."
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PMID:Genetic significance of some common primate models in biomedical research. 360 96


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