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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibody profiles for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were determined on 55 serum samples collected from patients with chronic renal failure who were on long-term haemodialysis for periods ranging from 8 months to 5 years and 3 months. The exposure rates for HBV, HAV, CMV, EBV and HIV were 94.5%, 100%, 94.5%, 94.5% and 0% respectively. Among the 7 HBsAg carriers, 1 and 3 were positive for e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe), respectively and three negative for both. These 7 carriers were also negative for anti-delta antibody. A comparison of the above antiviral profiles to those of voluntary blood donors and general population in this district revealed tht there is no difference for HBV, HAV, CMV and EBV exposure rates, VDRL, alpha-fetoprotein and CEA were also tested and the results showed no abnormalities. Only 3 patients had abnormally elevated SGOT and SGPT levels; the causes were undetermined because all of them gave positive HBV, HAV, CMV and EBV antibody profiles. In conclusion the screening of HBsAg and VDRL in the blood banks virtually eliminated possible infections of HBV and spirochate by blood transfusion and the patients with chronic renal failure who are maintained on long-term haemodialysis are generally not at higher risks of hepatitis-related viral infections.
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PMID:[Hepatitis-related viral markers in patients under long-term hemodialysis]. 245 21

A 66-year-old woman with ovarian cancer which had metastasized was receiving chemotherapy with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide while undergoing haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Cisplatin concentration in plasma was measured by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. After infusion of 40 mg cisplatin/m2 body-surface peak levels of 2.06 micrograms/ml and 2.29 micrograms/ml were obtained after the second and third treatment cycles, respectively. Terminal half-life was 14 days. Clearance value during haemodialysis was 470 ml/min. Seven treatment cycles were administered, up to doses of 60 mg/m2 cisplatin and 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide. Complete remission occurred after five treatment cycles. But the patient died 22 months after onset of treatment from an acute non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in long-term hemodialysis treatment]. 292 Jun 79

The pharmacokinetics of the antikaliuretic amiloride has been studied in healthy controls and in patients with chronic renal failure or hepatitis. It was 40% bound to protein. In healthy volunteers 49% of an oral dose was recovered unchanged in the urine. The renal clearance of amiloride was about 3 times the creatinine clearance, which means that it was predominantly excreted via tubular secretion. Renal impairment reduced the clearance of amiloride, causing a prolongation of the t1/2 and drug accumulation in plasma. In hepatitis the t1/2 of amiloride was prolonged and the AUC increased. Urinary recovery (Ae) of amiloride was greater in hepatitis patients than in controls.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of amiloride in renal and hepatic disease. 342 42

To determine the outcome of chronic hepatitis in ESRD we studied all 358 renal transplant recipients and 295 hemodialysis patients treated for greater than 1 year since 1970. The incidence of chronic hepatitis (elevated SGOT for greater than 1 year) was 15% (N = 54) in transplanted and 3.4% (N = 10) in dialysis patients. Forty-eight percent (26) of transplanted and 50% (5) of dialysis patients were HBsAg positive. In the transplanted group, the clinical outcome of chronic hepatitis was significantly better in HBsAg-negative compared to HBsAg-positive patients; 11% died, none from liver disease, and 32% remitted after a mean follow-up from start of liver disease of 77.3 +/- 8.2 months, whereas in the HBsAg-positive group 54% (14) died, nine from liver disease, and one remitted after a follow-up of 90.2 +/- 8.9 months. Adverse prognostic factors (age, duration of diabetes, and heart disease) present before ESRD treatment began were similar in both groups, as was duration of follow-up. Only 14% (2/14) of HBsAg-negative patients progressed to chronic active hepatitis on liver biopsy compared to 71% (15/21) of HBsAg-positive patients. Histological stability in those with serial biopsies occurred in 66% (4/6) of HBsAg-negative patients, but in only 18% (13/16) of HBsAg-positive patients with a similar duration of follow-up. No dialysis patients died from liver disease. We conclude that chronic hepatitis occurs more frequently in transplanted than dialyzed patients, and that HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis has a more benign, clinical, and histological outcome than chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis in renal transplant recipients.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis in end-stage renal disease: comparison of HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive patients. 393 66

A 28-year-old patient with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis developed fever, granulomatous hepatitis, pulmonary infiltrates, sacroiliitis, and spondylitis which were unresponsive to conventional antituberculous treatment. Cultures of the sputum gave repeated growth of Mycobacterium fortuitum. This organism was resistant 'in vitro' to most antituberculous drugs and sensitive to some aminoglycosides and doxycycline. No mycobacteria were found in the water used for dialysis. The patient was successfully treated with amikacin and doxycycline. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses resembling tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients. Defective immune mechanisms could contribute to this complication. Since M. fortuitum is usually resistant to antituberculous drugs, precise identification and sensitivity testing are essential for optimal management.
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PMID:Disseminated visceral infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum in a hemodialysis patient. 401 25

Although a large number of patients are maintained on chronic dialysis, there is little information regarding the medical care rendered to these patients. We therefore obtained information on health care maintenance policies from 90 dialysis centers (8,104 patients) selected from each End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Network. All centers except one obtained BUN, creatinine, electrolytes, calcium, and phosphorus at intervals of 1 month or less; 85% of centers obtained a multiple-test laboratory panel at monthly intervals. Annual physical examination, ECG, and chest x-ray were performed in 80% or more of the centers. Immunization policies varied with 88%, 64%, and 17% of centers offering influenza, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccine, respectively. Patterns of surveillance for anemia, osteodystrophy, and hepatitis were variable. In view of the high frequency and cost of testing, prospective studies to determine optimal methods of health care maintenance in the chronic dialysis center are indicated.
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PMID:Selected health care maintenance policies in chronic dialysis centers. 405 Jul 81

During a study of peripheral nerve function in chronic renal failure, 11 patients who were being treated by chronic intermittent haemodialysis developed serum hepatitis. Before the infection there was a trend towards improvement in nerve conduction velocities. A pronounced deterioration in the conduction velocities in motor fibres of peripheral nerves occurred in association with hepatitis. In the months after recovery from the infection there was again a trend towards improvement in conduction velocities. We suggest that this reflects the occurrence of a peripheral neuropathy which is at least in part demyelinating. The neuropathy is related to the serum hepatitis, but its pathogenesis is indeterminate.
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PMID:Neuropathy associated with hepatitis in patients maintained on haemodialysis. 433 84

Liver dysfunction is common in patients on hemodialysis or during the posttransplant period. Twelve children in the End-Stage Renal Disease Program at the University of Florida ranging in age from 4 to 18 years, developed persistent, elevated liver enzymes (SGOT or SGPT greater than 100 IU/liter) during hemodialysis in preparation for renal transplantation. Eleven of 12 developed enzyme elevations within six weeks of the initiation of hemodialysis. The other child exhibited enzyme elevations after one year on dialysis while awaiting a second transplant. Most of the children were anicteric and asymptomatic. Potential hepatotoxic drugs were discontinued when serum transaminase elevations were noted. Hepatitis B surface antigenemia was associated with enzyme elevations in one patient; cytomegalovirus seroconversion had occurred in eight patients, but only three had associated enzyme elevations. Liver biopsies were performed in all the patients before or at the time of renal transplantation. The histology was variable and ranged from normal in six patients, mildly abnormal with changes compatible with acute hepatitis in four patients, and granulomatous hepatitis in one patient, to severely abnormal with chronic hepatitis inthe remaining patient. Seven of the 12 children underwent successful transplantation with return of enzyme levels to normal in five and persistent elevations in the others. These findings suggest that evaluation of liver histology provides the only accurate means of assessment of persistent liver dysfunction in children and adolescents on hemodialysis and after renal transplantation.
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PMID:Liver dysfunction in children and adolescents during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. 626 5

We conclude from this study that bleeding esophageal varices may occur as a late complication of liver disease associated with chronic renal failure and renal transplantation. In two of the three patients reported upon, the liver disease was probably determined on the basis of cirrhosis, secondary to chronic, active hepatitis from non-A, non-B hepatitis, while the third patient had hepatic fibrosis. Such bleeding is best controlled by selective variceal decompression with a DSRS. Finally, it is technically feasible to perform a DSRS upon some patients following a left nephrectomy, and the renal vein is of adequate caliber even in the presence of nonfunctioning kidneys.
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PMID:Distal splenorenal shunt in treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in renal transplant recipients. 636 44

To investigate the cause of clinically detectable splenomegaly, which is common in patients receiving regular haemodialysis, splenic volume was assessed by isotopic scanning using intravenously injected technetium-99m microspheres in 34 controls and 149 patients with chronic renal failure. Of the patients, 16 had never received dialysis, 10 were undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis, 94 were undergoing regular haemodialysis, and 29 had undergone successful renal transplantation more than nine months previously. Mean splenic volume was increased only in the patients who were receiving haemodialysis. Splenic enlargement was probably not due to iron overload as it occurred in all patients who had received haemodialysis, 14 of whom had not received intravenous iron. No patient had had hepatitis. Splenic enlargement was probably related to the process of haemodialysis itself and may have been due either to red cell damage produced by haemodialysis or to an immunological reaction induced by a component of haemodialysis, possibly ethylene oxide.
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PMID:Spleen size in chronic renal failure. 643 78


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