Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary hepatobiliary tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose and treat. We describe a woman with obstructive jaundice, a common hepatic duct stricture, and granulomatous hepatitis diagnosed with biliary tract tuberculosis when acid-fast bacilli were found in bile aspirated during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The hilar stricture resulted from either primary biliary tuberculosis or secondary inflammation related to tuberculous periportal adenitis and persisted despite adequate medical treatment for tuberculosis, apparently the result of postinflammatory stenosis. After 20 months, the patient had persistently elevated bilirubin due to the stricture, and liver biopsy revealed early secondary biliary cirrhosis. Placement of a permanent metal biliary stent produced excellent results. Both diagnosis of hepatobiliary tuberculosis by bile aspirate and treatment of a biliary stricture with a permanent metal biliary stent are newly described advances in the management of biliary tuberculosis made possible by ERCP.
 ...
PMID:Endoscopic diagnosis and management of hepatobiliary tuberculosis. 894 95

Cholestasis may present as extrahepatic (obstructive jaundice), as purely intrahepatic (hepatocellular), as part of a cholestatic hepatitis or as a result of intrahepatic obstruction. Anamnestic clues and clinico-chemical analyses (bilirubin, gamma-GT and alkaline phosphatase) together with sonography and finally ERCP usually will furnish the diagnosis. However, with technical advances computed tomography and MRI cholangiography will soon emerge as often useful techniques in hepatobiliary imaging.
 ...
PMID:[Cholestasis: diagnosis]. 985 63

Eosinophilia is a distinctive feature of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), especially in its early stages. Intriguingly, treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) ameliorates eosinophilia as well as liver tests in patients with PBC. It remains unknown, however, whether eosinophils in PBC patients are functionally activated and whether UDCA inhibits eosinophil activation. In the present study, we systematically examined eosinophil dynamics in the blood and liver in patients with stage I to II PBC before and after UDCA treatment. We determined serum concentrations of eosinophil granule proteins (major basic protein [MBP] and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin [EDN]) by radioimmunoassay and quantitated eosinophil degranulation using computer-assisted morphometry after MBP immunohistochemistry. Before UDCA treatment, patients with PBC (n = 25) showed significantly higher circulating eosinophil counts (P <. 05) and serum concentrations of MBP (P <.0005) and EDN (P <.02) compared with patients with chronic viral hepatitis (n = 22), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 10), and obstructive jaundice (n = 12). Four-week UDCA treatment significantly reduced blood eosinophil counts (P <.0001) and serum MBP (P <.0001) and EDN (P <.0001) levels in PBC patients. MBP immunohistochemistry and computer-assisted quantitative morphometry showed infiltration and degranulation of eosinophils in the portal tract in patients with PBC and significant reductions in the number of sites and the area occupied by extracellular MBP deposits after UDCA treatment for 2 years (P <.02) but not in placebo-treated patients. Our results suggest that eosinophils in patients with PBC are not only increased in number, but also release granule proteins, and that UDCA treatment inhibits this eosinophil activation/degranulation.
 ...
PMID:Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits eosinophil degranulation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. 1038 76

Serum antibody against carbonic anhydrase (CA) II has been described as a serological marker for distinguishing autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) from primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). To validate this finding in a Japanese population, we evaluated sera from patients with PBC and AIC for antibody to human CA II. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to quantify serum antibody against CA II in patients with PBC (n = 40), AIC (n = 23), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 10), and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice (n = 10). Compared with the finding of a 4% prevalence of anti-CAII antibody in healthy subjects (n = 24), a significantly higher prevalence of anti-CA II antibody was detected in patients with PBC (35%) and AIC (30%) (P < 0.05), but not in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and patients with obstructive jaundice. No significant difference was observed between PBC and AIC patients. These results showed that AIC and PBC would be indistinguishable by anti-CA II antibody testing in Japanese patients. However, the finding of serum anti-CA II antibody in patients with PBC and AIC supports the disease concept of autoimmune exocrinopathy.
 ...
PMID:The ability of anti-carbonic anhydrase II antibody to distinguish autoimmune cholangitis from primary biliary cirrhosis in Japanese patients. 1043 29

A novel DNA virus (TT virus; TTV) was isolated from a patient with post-transfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. If TTV replicates in the liver, TTV may appear in the bile. In the present study, to clarify whether fecal-oral infection occur via biliary excretion, the presence of TTV DNA was assessed in paired serum and bile samples collected from 28 patients with obstructive jaundice without parenchymal liver disease. TTV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using semi-nested primers, and quantified by Real Time Detection PCR (RTD-PCR). The nucleotide sequence of isolates TTV DNAs was also determined and the sequences were compared between serum and bile samples. Among 28 patients, 7 were positive for TTV DNA in both samples, and 3 and 2 were positive in serum and bile respectively. Of 7 patients positive for TTV DNA in both samples, the TTV DNA titer was higher in serum of 4 patients and in bile of 1 patient. Among 7 patients positive for TTV DNA in serum and bile, 6 had the same sequence in both samples. Multiple distinct types of TTV DNA clones were isolated from serum in 2 patients and from bile in 4 patients. In conclusion, TTV DNA is detected frequently in bile from patients with obstructive jaundice, suggesting a fecal-oral route of infection and high prevalence of asymptomatic TTV carriers. TTV DNA was detected only in serum from some patients, suggesting that replication of TTV may occur in other organs as well as in the liver.
 ...
PMID:Biliary excretion of TT virus (TTV). 1089 64

Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disease of the liver in which T helper 1 cytokines predominate over those of T helper 2 in the pathogenesis. Interleukin- 18 (IL-18), for which the gene was recently cloned, is a novel T helper 1 cytokine, which augments interferon-gamma production. We designed this study to clarify the role of IL-18 in primary biliary cirrhosis and to examine whether serum IL-18 level can be a prognostic indicator for the disease. Serum IL-18 levels were measured using an enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay with mouse monoclonal antibodies. Twenty-two healthy volunteers, 31 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (Scheuer's stage I, 13; II, 10; and IV, 8), 20 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, 11 patients with virus-related liver cirrhosis and six patients with obstructive jaundice were enrolled. Significant differences of serum IL-18 levels were observed between patients with Scheuer's stage IV and those with stage I, or II, virus-related liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice (P < 0.05). The IL-18 levels in primary biliary cirrhosis increased according to the disease progression, and fell promptly after living-related liver transplantation. Moreover, serum IL-18 levels in primary biliary cirrhosis were correlated with serum bilirubin concentrations and the Risk scores of the Mayo Clinic prognostic model for the disease. The IL-18 levels observed in patients with autoimmune hepatitis were also elevated, and correlated with the activity of the disease. These results indicate that serum interleukin-18 levels reflect the severity of primary biliary cirrhosis, the activity of autoimmune hepatitis, and may be an additive prognostic indicator in primary biliary cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Serum interferon-gamma-inducing factor/IL-18 levels in primary biliary cirrhosis. 1109 Dec 79

Forty five consecutive patients with acute icteric hepatitis in the University College Hospital, Ibadan were recruited for clinical assessment of the liver. Ultrasonographic assessment of the liver was also carried out with Siemens Sonoline ultrasound machine with 3.5 MHz sector probe. Eighty two percent of the patients had no liver abnormality on ultrasonography. No significant difference was found between ultrasonographic and clinical estimation of hepatic size. Thickened gallbladder wall was found in 6.7% of the patients while gallstones were found in 4.4%. Fine echoes and reduced parenchyma echoes were found in 2.2% of the patients. There were no ultrasonographic differences on account of viral status or transaminase levels. It is recommended that ultrasonographic assessment of the liver be considered in routine work-up of patients with acute icteric hepatitis to exclude structural causes of obstructive jaundice.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic ultrasonographic findings in Nigerians with acute icteric hepatitis. 1180 13

We report a patient who developed cholestatic hepatitis shortly after starting therapy with irbesartan, one of the new, recently marketed angiotensin II antagonists. Serological studies and ultrasonography ruled out viral hepatitis and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, respectively. A percutaneous liver biopsy showed a portal inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils and marked cholestatic features in the perivenular area. Irbesartan was discontinued and the patient's jaundice resolved slowly over a period of several weeks, although mild biochemical cholestasis lasted for more than 1 year. There have been seven prior cases of angiotensin II antagonist-induced hepatotoxicity reported in the literature. A class warning for hepatotoxicity for these compounds should probably be considered.
 ...
PMID:Cholestatic hepatitis related to use of irbesartan: a case report and a literature review of angiotensin II antagonist-associated hepatotoxicity. 1217 12

This is an evaluation of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, a technique of over eight years' standing, previously considered by many authorities as both unrewarding and dangerous. The value and risks of the procedure have been examined in 20 patients with obstructive jaundice of uncertain origin and in one further patient with a post-cholecystectomy syndrome. The presence and the nature of extrahepatic obstructive lesions was correctly diagnosed in 10 of 11 patients shown to have this cause for jaundice. The failure to obtain cholangiograms in the remaining 10 patients was correctly correlated with the presence of intrahepatic obstructive disease due to hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis. The risks of percutaneous cholangiography seem over-rated, biliary peritonitis occurring in under 5% of patients submitted to the procedure.
 ...
PMID:Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. 1368 78

The measurement of the plasma activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases, aldolase, cholinesterase, and isocitric, lactic, and phosphogluconic dehydrogenases in random samples of blood was found to be of no value in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatic cirrhosis, and neoplastic conditions involving the liver. Serial determinations of the enzyme activities provided useful information about the course of certain hepatic disorders, particularly acute viral hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Multiple plasma enzyme activities in liver disease. 1371 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>