Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An assay for the estimation of guanosine deaminase is described. The method employs guanosine as substrate and after incubation of serum and substrate at 22 degrees C for 18 h the ammonia liberated is estimated using the Berthelot reaction. Absorbance is measured as 625 nm and the catalytic activity read from a standard curve obtained using ammonia standards. The method provides reproducible measurements of serum guanosine deaminase. The results obtained using 'normal' sera have been used to calculate the 'normal range' for the enzyme in serum. Preliminary results suggest that guanosine deaminase is increased in hepatitis and in patients with liver metastases but normal in all other liver diseases including cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice.
 ...
PMID:The estimation of serum guanosine deaminase activity in liver disease. 666 43

With the development of new surgical techniques the outlook for infants with biliary atresia has improved significantly. It has therefore become increasingly important to identify these patients quickly in order to allow prompt surgical intervention. Differentiation of biliary atresia from other causes of jaundice, in particular idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, is often difficult as there is considerable clinical and histological overlap of the two conditions. Demonstration of biliary patency using radiopharmaceuticals is a well established technique. 131I rose bengal and the 99Tcm-labelled iminodiacetic acid derivatives have both been used, but are not completely satisfactory, and controversy still exists as to which is the most suitable agent. Nine infants with prolonged jaundice have been studied using 123I-labelled rose bengal. All infants with biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis were correctly identified. The results indicate that 123I rose bengal provides a reliable tracer for assessing biliary patency and is the agent of choice in the investigation of neonatal obstructive jaundice.
 ...
PMID:The investigation of neonatal obstructive jaundice using 123I rose bengal. 669 81

Low values of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were found in a group of 27 patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis. The values were significantly lower than CPK values in a group of 25 patients with extra hepatic obstructive jaundice (23.3 +/- 32.1 versus 163 +/- 43 U/L, p less than 0.001). CPK values in the hepatitis group when recovered (6 months after hospitalization) were much higher than the mean CPK levels in the same group during the acute illness (178 +/- 28 versus 23.3 +/- 32.1 U/L, p less than 0.001) and were the same as a control group of 26 healthy volunteers (179 +/- 28 versus 179 +/- 20.9 U/L). Similar results were found when the groups were divided into separate male and female groups. Serum CPK values, thus, were found to be a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish between patients with intrahepatic jaundice due to acute viral hepatitis and patients with extra hepatic obstructive jaundice.
 ...
PMID:Low serum creatine phosphokinase values in patients with acute viral hepatitis. 671 30

Hepatitis B virus-like particles including: small spheres and filaments 15--25 nm in diameter together with a 35--40 nm Dane particle-like virion have been identified in sera of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. In a coded serological study, such particles were detected transiently in 3/4 acute, and persistently in 7/8 chronic cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis with non-A, non-B antigenemia. Only 2/12 similar cases without non-A, non-B antigens (Ag) in serum had detectable particles but neither patients with drugs, or type A hepatitis, nor cases of obstructive jaundice. The particles did not express hepatitis B surface (HBs) or non-A, non-B Ag at their surface but were associated, in three patients, with significant endogenous DNA polymerase activity. Furthermore, particles similar to hepatitis B cores (BHc) and also associated with DNA polymerase activity were demonstrated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of a liver homogenate obtained from a patient who had died of non-A, non-B hepatitis. The non-A, non-B hepatitis virion described here appears, therefore, as a hepatitis B-like virus. The exact kinship between these two agents is currently being investigated.
 ...
PMID:Non-a, non-b hepatitis: identification of hepatitis-B-like virus particles in serum and liver. 677 42

Drug damage to the liver can be divided into two types: Type I damage is predictable, dose-dependent and appears in most patients treated. Type II lesions are not predictable, are not dose-dependent and occur in only a small percentage of patients. Clinically they can be differentiated into (1) a cytotoxic form (clinical picture: fatty liver, virus hepatitis), (2) a cholestatic form (clinical picture: obstructive jaundice) and (3) a mixed form. In the present study, liver damage due to the following drugs, as important examples of the different types of damage, are dealt with in greater detail: isoniazid (unpredictable damage of the cytotoxic type), methotrexate (predictable damage of the cytotoxic type) chlorpromazine (unpredictable damage of the cholestatic type) and finally estrogens or oral contraceptives (damage of the cholestatic type and other damage to the hepatobiliary system).
 ...
PMID:[Damage to liver and biliary tracts by long-term drug therapy (author's transl)]. 677 79

Using an aluminum oxide column, we fractionated and quantitatively determined urinary monohydroxy bile acids in young infants. For comparison purposes, monohydroxy bile acids were also measured in urine from older children and adults with obstructive jaundice. Lithocholic acid was not found in any specimens of the young infants examined, while 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was detected in all. In the biliary atresia group, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid excreted was 0.45+/-0.28 mumol per day (n=7), and in the neonatal hepatitis group, 0.48+/-0.44 mumol per day (n=9). The mean rate of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid to total urinary bile acids in the biliary atresia group was 2.1%, and 1.3% in the neonatal hepatitis group. In the older children and adults with obstructive jaundice (n=6), 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was excreted at a mean rate of 3.9% of total urinary bile acids, ranging from 0.63 to 14.81 mol per day. The excretion rate of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was related to that of chenodeoxycholic acid (p less than 0.05) in infants, while it was related to that of both chenodeoxycholic acid (p less than 0.01) and cholic acid (p less than 0.05) in older children and adults.
 ...
PMID:Urinary monohydroxy bile acids in young infants with obstructive jaundice. 713 22

The aim of this work was to analyse the value of duodenal intubation in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in infants. Thirty-six patients were studied, ages varying between one and five months (average 2.4), 21 males and 15 females, all presenting cholestasis characterized by jaundice, choluria and fecal acholia. Of the 36 patients, 15 with negative intubations had during surgery a confirmation of a diagnosis of biliary atresia. The other 21 infants with positive duodenal intubation received at that moment the diagnosis of "neonatal hepatitis syndrome". Because it is efficient, harmless and inexpensive, duodenal intubation is an useful method in deciding whether cholestasis in infants requires medical or surgical treatment.
 ...
PMID:Duodenal intubation in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in infants. 718 63

Distinguishing between obstructive (surgical) and hepatocellular (medical) jaundice is sometimes impossible using the relatively simple diagnostic means of history, physical examination and liver function tests. In an attempt to reduce the number of jaundiced patients in need of complex and expensive diagnostic procedures, we investigated the use of the plasma amino acid pattern in the diagnosis of jaundice. Jaundiced rats with galactosamine-induced hepatitis and seven patients with acute onset hepatitis presented a plasma amino acid pattern in which most all amino acid levels were elevated except for arginine in the rat and branched chain amino acids in the patients. Rats jaundiced due to common bile duct ligation and seven patients with obstructive jaundice proved at surgery exhibited a near-normal amino acid pattern. These experimental and clinical data demonstrate very clear qualitative and quantitative differences in plasma amino acid patterns of hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice, with the latter exhibiting an almost-normal pattern. We suggest the use of the plasma amino acid pattern as a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of medical and surgical jaundice.
 ...
PMID:Plasma amino acid analysis in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. 735 Aug 38

Emphasis is laid on the correlation existing between liver and biliary apparatus pathology. On the one hand, attention is called to the development of reactive hepatitis in 60-75 per cent of patients presenting complicated cholelithiasis, and in nearly 30 per cent of the forms free of complications. Removal of the biliary pathology leads to complete regeneration of liver parenchyma in 80 per cent of the patients, especially in operation undertaken in opportune time. On the other hand, pathological conditions of the liver aggravate the developmental course and worsen the prognosis of biliary system diseases when operative management of the letter is necessitated. On the basis of personal experience, the unduely elevated risk in combining surgical intervention for biliary pathology with liver cirrhosis (27 observations), cholangiohepatitis (89 observations), and obstructive jaundice conditioned by a benign underlying cause--usually concrement (164 observations), is underscored. In established cholelithiasis it is fully justified to advise early operation. Surgical intervention in liver cirrhosis should be done after adequate preparation only if absolutely necessary. Obstructive jaundice requires urgent operation, within 10 days, as long as the pathomorphological changes are still reversible.
 ...
PMID:[Operations on the biliary system in liver damage]. 864 50

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a 25-50% chance of developing abnormal liver tests in their lifetime. This percentage does not include unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia due to haemolysis associated with SLE, or elevated aspartate-aminotransferase caused by SLE-associated myositis. The most common cause is drug-induced hepatitis, while mild, predominantly lobular-but sometimes also portal and periportal-hepatitis reflecting SLE activity is another possibility. Other liver disease in SLE can be related to thrombotic events, whether or not associated with the lupus anticoagulant, including Budd-Chiari syndrome and veno-occlusive disease. Other liver abnormalities have been more or less frequently associated with SLE, such as nodular regenerative hyperplasia, perihepatitis, and hepatic or splenic rupture. Also viral hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, granulomatous hepatitis, cryptococcus infection of the liver, chronic hepatitis with IgA or IgD deficiency, porphyria or idiopathic portal hypertension co-existing with SLE have been described.
 ...
PMID:The spectrum of liver disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. 871 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>