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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atresia and hypoplasia of the bile ducts are the most common congenital biliary anomalies of clinical importance. Surgical correction can help about 10% of these infants. However, surgery should be performed within the first month of life to avoid irreversible liver parenchymal changes. It is difficult to separate the surgical condition, biliary atresia, from conditions in which the trauma of laparotomy should be avoided, such as neonatal hepatitis and other clinically indistinguishable causes of obstructive jaundice. Radionuclide imaging with the 99mTc-labeled N-substituted iminodiacetic acids (HIDA, PIDIDA, DISIDA, etc) have been helpful in the differential diagnosis of biliary atresia.
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PMID:Differentiation of jaundice in infancy: an application of radionuclide biliary studies. 407 38

An abnormal lipoprotein, containing a high proportion of unesterified cholesterol and phospholipid, has previously been described as occurring in the serum of patients with obstructive jaundice, and has been called lipoprotein X. Using an immunoelectrophoretic method for the detection of lipoprotein X in serum, the sera of 97 patients with liver disease have been screened and the associated biochemical features measured.Lipoprotein X was found in 45% of cases of liver disease with cholestatic features, and was not detected in cases of liver disease without cholestasis. The incidence of lipoprotein X in different causes of cholestatis varied, and while it was commonest in cases of extrahepatic obstruction of recent onset, occurring in 75% of cases, it was also found in primary biliary cirrhosis in 48% of cases, and in cholestatic hepatitis, less commonly.The cause of the appearance of lipoprotein X is unknown, but analysis of associated biochemical features suggested a relationship to physical biliary obstruction rather than a derangement of liver cell function.
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PMID:Occurrence of an abnormal lipoprotein in patients with liver disease. 551 83

Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis is the uncommon syndrome of prolonged obstructive jaundice associated with giant cell transformation in the liver and patent bile ducts. Either hepatitis virus or an inherited abnormality has been suggested as a likely pathogenic agent for the syndrome.Recent observation of discordance for idiopathic neonatal hepatitis in monozygotic twins is felt to be inconsistent with either an infectious or a simple genetic etiology. Immaturity of the hepatic parenchymal cell bilirubin excretory pathway is postulated as a cause of jaundice in some of these babies.
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PMID:Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis: discordance in monozygotic twins. 602 3

The behaviour of alpha 1 antitrypsin in 76 subjects with cirrhosis of the liver, 14 subjects with chronic persistent hepatitis, 14 subjects with chronic active hepatitis, 8 subjects with toxic hepatitis, 5 subjects with obstructive jaundice, 5 subjects with liver carcinoma. 4 of these groups (cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatoma) showed alpha 1 antitrypsin blood levels significantly higher than the control group (82 healthy subjects). Very high alpha 1 antitrypsin blood levels, significantly greater than in cirrhosis, were found in the patients with hepatoma. All these subjects also showed blood levels of alpha fetoprotein higher than 100 ng/ml. The diagnostic meaning of these finding was considered.
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PMID:[Behavior of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatopathies and its diagnostic significance]. 616 21

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was measured in various diseases of the liver. Activity increased in progressive order in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic aggressive hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Activity was increased also in patients with acute hepatitis. On the other hand, patients with fatty liver had normal angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and patients with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice showed subnormal activity. Although the mechanism for these enzymatic changes in diseases of the liver remains to be elucidated, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme determination may be useful in the diagnosis of diseases of the liver under certain conditions.
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PMID:Angiotensin-converting enzyme in diseases of the liver. 628 63

In a survey the present possibilities are outlined to get knowledge about diseases of inner organs with the help of enzyme determinations in the urine. Here it is remarkable that changes of the enzyme excretion appear not only in renal disease with acute renal failure, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal infarction and nephroptosis but are also to be observed in primarily extrarenal diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, thesaurismoses, myocardial infarction, hypertension, acute pancreatitis, epidemic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice and rheumatoid arthritis. The causes of the changes of enzyme excretions are various. Since enzymes of different origin and localisation behave themselves variably, the simultaneous determination of a brush border marker (e.g. alanine aminopeptidase), a lysosomal enzyme (e.g. beta-glucuronidase or N-acetyl glucosaminidase) and a low molecular enzyme (e.g. lysozyme) is of use for the recognition of renal alterations. By the control of activities of urinary enzymes it is possible to get without risk informations about pathobiochemical processes in the kidney which are not to be gained by means of other methods.
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PMID:[Urinary enzyme excretion in diseases of the internal organs]. 636 87

Viral hepatitis characterized by prolonged cholestasis has not been associated with a specific serologic marker. We report the cases of six patients presenting with a clinical syndrome typical of cholestatic hepatitis who were subsequently found to have acute hepatitis A. Usual features include pruritus, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss with serum bilirubin levels greater than 10 mg/dL, and a clinical course lasting at least 12 weeks. All patients recovered completely without sequelae. Knowledge of this unusual manifestation of hepatitis A may help avoid potentially invasive procedures involved in the evaluation of suspected obstructive jaundice and facilitate appropriate immunoprophylactic measures.
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PMID:Prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis secondary to acute hepatitis A. 648 95

An unusual case of obstructive jaundice due to metastatic pancreatic plasmacytoma is described. Initially post-transfusion hepatitis was suspected in the patient who suffered from multiple myeloma (IgA) and had received numerous transfusions for severe anemia. Clinical and laboratory findings indicated obstructive jaundice and the ecographic examination showed a dishomogeneous mass at the level of the pancreas. The investigators suggest that after this type of ecographic finding a percutaneous biopsy should be performed eliminating exploratory laparotomy, a high risk procedure in this type of patient, and eventually radiotherapy should be initiated since this type of tumor is radiosensitive.
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PMID:[Clinical and diagnostic considerations on a case of pancreatic plasmacytoma]. 652 54

Technetium-99m di-isopropylphenylcarbamoylmethylimidodiacetic acid cholescintigraphy, together with measurements of radioactivity in duodenal juice, was used to evaluate 23 infants with prolonged obstructive jaundice. Four patients proved to have biliary atresia. The remainder had neonatal hepatitis. There was distinct differentiation of biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis when the time-activity curves were analyzed. In neonatal hepatitis the radioactivity in duodenal juice is obviously higher, peaking above 1500 cpm/100 microliter per mCi dose. In biliary atresia the pattern is flattened, with maximal activity below 500 cpm/100 microliter per mCi dose.
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PMID:Diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in infants: Tc-99m DISIDA in duodenal juice. 653 26

To investigate possible involvement of immune responses in the pathogenesis of obstructive jaundice in infancy we measured antibody to liver specific lipoprotein (LSP) by radio immunoassay and immune complexes by their ability to bind C1q in sera from 16 patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and 16 with neonatal hepatitis and 13 age matched controls. Anti-LSP was present in 6 of 16 with preoperative biliary atresia and 6 of 16 with hepatitis. Mean percentage C1q bound was higher in hepatitis (22 SD 15%) than preoperative biliary atresia (11.1 SD 2.3%). Nine of 16 hepatitis patients had elevated C1q binding as compared with 1 of 16 with biliary atresia. The highest value for anti-LSP and C1q binding were found in sera from patients with histologically severe hepatitis and hepatitis associated with specific viral or bacterial causes. Anti-LSP was significantly raised 5 months post-operatively in all of 6 patients with biliary atresia and poor biliary drainage but only 2 of 5 survivors. Elevated C1q binding was detected in 6 of 7 with poor drainage and 1 of 7 survivors at the same stage. Anti-LSP and C1q binding fell in 4 patients with neonatal hepatitis on recovery. These findings suggest that immunological mechanisms, possibly involving antibody to hepatocyte membrane components and immune complexes, may be involved in the pathogenesis of progressive liver disease in biliary atresia.
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PMID:Immune responses in patients with obstructive jaundice of infancy. Anti-LSP and Clq binding in sera. 660 56


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