Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metabolic disturbances of pancreatic hormones in obstructive jaundice in infancy were evaluated experimentally and clinically. In our experimental study, using young rats, the level of plasma insulin (IRI) gradually increased after ligation of the common bile duct. These levels were a little lower than those in the non-treated controls. The level of plasma glucagon (IRG) increased remarkably 4 weeks after ligation of the common bile duct. Clinically, there were no significant differences in the levels of IRI and IRG among normal controls and cases of neonatal hepatitis and congenital biliary atresia (CBA). In CBA patients, these levels can be correlated with the progression of hepatic fibrosis; an increase in IRG and a decrease in the IRI/IRG mol ratio was noticed in patients with grade III of hepatic fibrosis. These results indicate that, in obstructive jaundice in infancy, the more severe the hepatic damage due to obstructive jaundice, the higher the level of plasma glucagon concentration will rise.
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PMID:Pancreatic hormone changes in infantile obstructive jaundice. 210 86

Fifty-nine colorectal cancer patients with metastatic liver cancer who underwent intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (IAIC) at the National Cancer Center Hospital from May 1986 to February 1989 were reviewed. Excisions of metastatic liver cancer were performed in 36 patients and 23 had nonresectable metastatic liver cancer. Catheter troubles, including severe infections (8), extravasations (3), obstruction (1) and other (1) occurred in 13 (22.0%) patients, and 6 patients (10.2%) were unable to receive IAIC. Three patients did not undergo IAIC because of hepatitis or other reasons. Serious complications following IAIC, including sclerosing cholangitis (SC) (6), extravasations (6) and obstructions (3) were observed in 15 patients (30.0%). 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) (700 mg/m2) and mitomycin C (MMC) (7 mg/m2) were infused through implantable pumps weekly or every two weeks. Total infused doses of 5-FU ranged from 7,000 to 26,250 mg (mean: 11,800 + 7,700 mg) and those of MMC from 24 to 84 mg (mean: 45.3 + 25.8 mg) in 6 patients (12%) with SC, 4 resectable and 2 non-resectable cases. All six patients with SC had cholangiographic abnormalities of the biliary tract by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), but serial CT examination of the liver did not show any progression of the tumor at the hilum in these patients. Segmental stricture at the common hepatic duct and bifurcation appeared specific to IA-5-FU induced SC. Obstructive jaundice occurred in 3 patients. Four patients had epigastralgia and 3 exhibited elevated alkaline phosphatase level prior to the cholangiographic examination. The elevated level of alkaline phosphatase was reversible in one patient without obstructive jaundice. Although the relation of the sclerosing process to IA-5-FU dose is not yet clear as well as IA-FUDR, it should be important to make an early detection of SC by ERCP and also to discontinue IAIC as soon as possible. In our opinion, SC may relate to the arterial delivery of 5-FU. In order to prevent SC, devascularization of the right hepatic artery via surgical procedures may well be effective, because retrograde flow from the right hepatic artery was confirmed by several clinical and anatomical studies.
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PMID:[Complications of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastasis, with special reference to IA-5-FU induced sclerosing cholangitis]. 250 36

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis is a disorder described 3 decades ago. The literature describes at least 60 cases. This syndrome is characterized by attacks of jaundice with obstructive features recurring over a number of years. Though the etiology remains, obscure the coincidence in members of a family or brothers suggests that this may be a constitutional form of jaundice. We describe the case of a young man who presented two episodes of obstructive jaundice. The serologic tests were negative for hepatitis and the biopsy revealed a severe intrahepatic cholestasis without histologic inflammatory changes and preserved lobulillar architecture. Inquest of the family were negative, but parents were possibly related, this factor may be important if a genetic defect is implicated. We conclude that from the clinical biochemical and histological findings this case of jaundice is due to intermittent intrahepatic cholestasis. The most common causes of intrahepatic cholestasis--viral hepatitis and certain drugs--; can be ruled out in this patient. Finally we have to suspect this syndrome, even though very rare, when we have a patient as we described.
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PMID:[Recurrent benign familial intrahepatic cholestasis]. 253 51

13 patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma treated in our institute from 1960 to 1986 are reported. All were proven by pathology. There were 10 moderately differentiated or mucin adenocarcinomas, 2 poorly differentiated and 1 undifferentiated cancers. There were 9 males and 4 females with an average age of 60.6 years. Progressive obstructive jaundice was the most common presenting symptom (11/13). Hepatomegaly was found in 7 patients, distended gallbladder in 4 and gallstone in 2. Before operation, 10 patients were misdiagnosed as hepatitis, cholecystitis or cholelithiasis. During operation, regional lymph node metastasis was observed in the majority of patients. Palliative operation was performed in 10 patients and radical surgery in 3. Three received operation plus postoperative radiotherapy. None survived more than two years. The lesions occurred frequently in the upper bile duct (8 patients). The middle bile duct and diffuse type carcinomas comprised 2 each. One was not recorded clearly. The prognosis is related to the gross type of the tumor and differentiation degree. Finally, carcinogenesis is discussed briefly.
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PMID:[Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct--report of 13 patients]. 285 Jan 47

The goal of this article is to inform psychiatrists of the hepatotoxicity of certain drugs used for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. A review of biochemical pathways lends support to the argument that toxicity is due to certain toxic metabolites. The physiopathology of these disorders, which are rare, requires an appreciation of an individual's biochemical make up which can explain the quantity of active metabolites produced, the occurrence of immunological reactions and the contributing factor of enzymatic induction resulting from the simultaneous prescription of several medications. The most serious disorder is cytotoxic hepatitis which has a 10 to 20 per cent mortality. The molecules which may cause this affection in less than one out of a thousand cases are the hydrazide M.A.O. inhibitors and valproic acid. These medications should not be prescribed without being aware of their drawbacks and after a failure to achieve improvement with other drugs having a similar action. Obviously it is important to prescribe no more than moderate doses, and to avoid prescribing medications which, together can occasion enzymatic induction. The most common complication is obstructive jaundice for which the clinical and biological diagnosis should be made early in the course of the disorder. The medication should be stopped immediately and further prescription, in patients who have already presented this disorder, when a molecule is known to have certain toxic side effects (phenothiazines and tricyclics), suspended this surveillance should be carried out over a three months period. The occurrence of jaundice during a period of treatment is not always iatrogenic. It is always necessary to ascertain the etiology by asking a specialist to do a complete workup.
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PMID:[Clinical and physiopathologic study of the hepatotoxicity of psychotropic drugs including the antiepileptics]. 286 88

The authors illustrate the indications of laparoscopy by reporting their clinical experience in a Department of gastroenterology between 1982 and 1984. In addition to the clinical indications which remain valid, new indications of laparoscopy are described in cases of failure of ultrasonography and/or computerised tomography, and of direct opacification of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Laparoscopy has been practically abandoned in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and pancreatic pathology. It is irreplaceable in peritoneal pathology. The role of laparoscopy in hepatic tumours, hepatitis, cirrhosis, certain abdominal emergencies, unexplained abdominal pain and pelvic disease is discussed. Some rare indications may be considered only when the technical possibilities of laparoscopy are understood.
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PMID:[Current indications of laparoscopy]. 295 91

alpha(1)-Protease inhibitor (alpha(1)-Pi) deficiency is associated with emphysema, neonatal hepatitis and cirrhosis. The deficiency associated with emphysema has multiple alleles. Cigarette smoke may influence the onset of emphysema in a twofold manner: by overwhelming the concentration of alpha(1)-Pi by increasing elastase release, and by inactivating the alpha(1)-Pi active site through oxidation. alpha(1)-Pi-associated hepatic disease occurs primarily in children with the allele PiZZ, most of whom are asymptomatic although in a small percentage severe obstructive jaundice and fatal junvenile cirrhosis develop. Pharmacologic intervention and alpha(1)-Pi replacement therapy are being tested against alpha(1)-Pi-associated emphysema.
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PMID:Association of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency with lung and liver diseases. 332 8

Patients with jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia over 34 mumol/l have been examined by different methods in order to assess the diagnostic value of the methods. 340 patients were examined clinically and by laparoscopy, 168 patients and 92 healthy persons were examined by 10 laboratory indices, 639 patients--by ultrasonography, 95 patients--by scintigraphy, 116 patients--by computer tomography, 83 patients--by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCPG), 17 patients--by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), 70 patients--by directed liver biopsy. In the patients with cholestasis the 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamyl transpeptidase (lipoprotein X is positive in 92% of the patients) and cholesterol are increased most. The extrahepatic obstructions are diagnosed by ultrasonography in 94.8% of the patients (the biliary ducts are dilated), in 88.7% of the patients the localization of the obstruction and in 74.7% of the patients the cause of the obstruction are found. In parenchymal jaundice the sonography reveals the disease which has caused jaundice in 62.1% of the patients. The scintigraphy gives correct diagnosis in 50% of the patients with hepatitis and jaundice, in 78% of the patients with cirrhosis and jaundice and in 87.5% of the patients with liver cancer. The computer tomography reveals the obstructive jaundice in 94.7% of the patients and the focal processes in the liver in 96.7% of the patients. The ERCPG gives a clear picture of the biliary ducts in 72.28% and of the pancreatic duct in 83.13% of the patients with jaundice, simultaneously the biliary and the pancreatic ducts--in 45.78% of the patients and correct diagnosis in 83.1% of the patients examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of jaundice]. 343 27

Ten cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree (RMS/BT) in children are reported in this review of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) I and II. RMS/BT constitutes 0.8% of evaluable tumors on IRS I and II. Intermittent obstructive jaundice with or without abdominal distention, fever, and loss of appetite is the typical presentation. Attribution of these symptoms to hepatitis commonly delayed definitive treatment. Demonstration of a mass in the porta hepatitis by ultrasound led quickly to surgical consultation and an exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperative cholangiography was a valuable technique in establishing the level of biliary tree obstruction and verifying a functioning drainage procedure. Resection of the mass with only microscopic or minimal gross residual disease was possible at the initial surgery in six of the ten patients. Included in this group are all four of the surviving patients. The continuity of bile flow was usually maintained by variations of a Roux-en-Y jejunostomy. Histology was embryonal RMS with some botryoid elements. Consultation with a surgical pathologist during the course of the surgery was of invaluable assistance. Multi-drug chemotherapy and radiotherapy consistent with the IRS protocols were given postoperatively. A second-look surgery was useful in evaluating residual or recurrent disease. Four patients are surviving free of disease at 6 months, 3, 6 1/4, and 6 1/2 years from diagnosis, respectively. This review demonstrates that a multidisciplinary approach in RMS/BT can lead to long-term survival.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree in childhood. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. 400 14

Differentiation between biliary atresia, biliary hypoplasia and severe neonatal hepatitis continues to require direct visualization of the biliary ducts. This is usually accomplished by operative cholangiography using radiographic contrast material. Recently, we have employed an alternate technique of operative cholangiography using methylene blue. This method identifies patent biliary ducts by direct visualization. Methylene blue cholangiography (MBC) has been used in 16 infants with severe obstructive jaundice. In contrast to the radiopaque cholangiogram, MBC more accurately demonstrated biliary hypoplasia in two patients. In addition to the better resolution obtained by MBC, it can be performed in considerably less time than that usually required for x-ray cholangiography.
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PMID:An alternate method for intraoperative cholangiography in infants with severe obstructive jaundice. 404 72


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