Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the interaction between HBV and HDV infection in 149 consecutive subjects with HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis and in 22 chronic HBsAg healthy carriers. Liver HBcAg was detected in 52 (30.4%) of the 171 subjects. Of these 52, 35 were HBV-DNA and HBeAg positive, 11 HBV-DNA positive only; two HBeAg positive only and four were negative for both HBeAg and HBV-DNA. None of the 119 HBcAg-negative subjects had detectable HBV-DNA in serum. HD-Ag in hepatocytes was detected in 31 of the 171 subjects (18%); it was detectable in none of the 22 HBsAg healthy carriers, in four of the 56 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (7.2%), in six of the 24 patients with chronic lobular hepatitis (25%), in 16 of the 40 patients with chronic active hepatitis (40%) and in five of the 29 with cirrhosis (17%). A presence of anti-HD in serum in the absence of liver HD-Ag was found in 54 of the 171 subjects (32%). This condition was observed not only in patients with a progressive disease (37.7% of chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis and 33% of chronic lobular hepatitis), but also in healthy carriers (36%) and in chronic persistent hepatitis patients (21.4%). Liver HBcAg was detected in 6.4% of the 31 HD-Ag-positive patients, in 12.9% of the 54 HD-Ag-negative/anti-HD positive, but in 50% of the 86 with no marker of HDV infection. HDV appears to inhibit HBV genome and such inhibition may persist even when anti-HD is the only HDV marker detectable.
Infection
PMID:Interaction between HDV and HBV infection in HBsAg-chronic carriers. 188 68

In order to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the Black Sea region in Turkey, 287 serum samples taken from risk groups were investigated for anti-HCV antibodies using HCV EIA system. Anti-HCV antibodies were found to be positive in 51.2% of chronic haemodialysis patients, 20.6% of probable acute non-A, non-B hepatitis patients, 4% of patients who had multiple blood transfusions, 1.5% of the health personnel, while in new haemodialysis patients anti-HCV antibodies were not found.
Infection
PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Turkey. 191 33

Acute hepatitis C virus superinfection followed by spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion and hepatitis B surface antigen clearance in a patient with chronic type B hepatitis is described. The observations suggests that HCV may exert a suppressive effect on hepatitis B virus.
Infection
PMID:Acute hepatitis C virus superinfection followed by spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg elimination. 191 39

The first outbreak of reovirus infection in broiler chickens was observed in the Sudan in the largest poultry industry of the country. The disease was characterized clinically by growth retardation, lameness, poor feathering, shank depigmentation and occasionally retraction of the head. Grossly there was enlargement of the proventriculus, atrophy of the pancreas and bone abnormalities. Histopathologic changes included hepatitis, nephritis, myocarditis, pericarditis, catarrhal enteritis, pancreatic necrosis, encephalomalacia and ricketic changes. Details were described. Reovirus was isolated from affected birds and reisolated from experimentally infected chicks. Infection was confirmed by immunoelectrophoresis and agar gel precipitation tests.
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PMID:Occurrence of runting and stunting syndrome in broiler chickens in the Sudan. 196 97

CD4+ T cell lines specific for murine hepatitis virus (MHV) - JHM or myelin basic protein (MBP) proliferated when cultured together with MHC class I and II positive syngeneic rat astrocytes and either inactivated virus or MBP as antigen. The magnitude of the T cell proliferative response was comparable to that seen when thymocytes were used as a source of antigen presenting cells (APC). In contrast, MHC class I and II positive astrocytes were unable to significantly stimulate the proliferation of highly purified populations of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Both T cell populations proliferated when mixed with allogeneic lymph node cells. Infection of the astrocytes with a variant of MHV-JHM (PI-AS22D) did not alter this cells incapacity to stimulate the naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to proliferate.
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PMID:Astrocytes as antigen presenting cells for primary and secondary T cell responses: effect of astrocyte infection by murine hepatitis virus. 196 61

Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently develop hepatic dysfunction. Although hepatic injury may indirectly result from malnutrition, hypotension, administered medications, sepsis, or other conditions, the hepatic injury is frequently due to opportunistic hepatic infection, directly related to AIDS. Infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare typically occurs in patients with advanced immunocompromise and with systemic symptoms due to widely disseminated infection. In contrast, hepatic tuberculosis often occurs with less advanced immunocompromise. Cytomegaloviral infection may produce a hepatitis. Cytomegaloviral and cryptosporidial infections have been implicated as causes of acalculous cholecystitis and of a secondary sclerosing cholangitis. About 10-20% of patients with AIDS have chronic hepatitis B infection. These patients tend to develop minimal hepatic inflammation and necrosis. The clinical findings in patients with hepatic cryptococcal infection are usually due to concomitant extrahepatic infection. Hepatic histoplasmosis usually develops as part of a widely disseminated infection with systemic symptoms. Hepatic involvement by Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely documented ante mortem because an unguided liver biopsy is an insensitive diagnostic procedure. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver typically have lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and systemic symptoms. As a pragmatic approach, patients with liver dysfunction and HIV-related disease should have a sonographic or computerized tomographic examination of the liver. Patients with dilated bile ducts should undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography because opportunistic infection may produce biliary obstruction. Patients with a focal hepatic lesion should be considered for a guided liver biopsy. Patients with a significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level should be considered for a percutaneous liver biopsy. When performed for these indications, liver biopsy will demonstrate a significant disease involving the liver in about 50% of patients with AIDS and in about 25% of patients who are HIV seropositive but who are not known to have AIDS. The clinical impact of a diagnostic biopsy is blunted by a lack of efficacious therapy for many opportunistic infections.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 198 33

Infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an important cause of acute and chronic liver disease and can be rapidly fatal. Sequencing of the HDV RNA genome has revealed variability at the C-terminal end of the delta antigen reading frame. One genome type (termed the S genome) synthesizes a 24-kDa protein thought to be required for genome replication. Another genome type (termed the L genome) extends the reading frame by 19 amino acids as a result of a single base change. Replication of the S and L genomes was studied in cultured fibroblasts. While the S genome efficiently initiated genome replication, the L genome did not. Moreover, in a codelivery experiment, L genome RNA inhibited replication of the S genome. Potent trans inhibition was also observed following cotransfection of the S genome and a plasmid encoding the larger delta antigen. Mutational analysis indicated that the inhibitory activity was not a simple function of the large delta antigen reading frame's extra length. Implications for the viral life cycle, clinical infection, and potential treatment are discussed.
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PMID:trans-dominant inhibition of human hepatitis delta virus genome replication. 201 64

The frequency and clinical features of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with and without a hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infection was investigated retrospectively in the Stockholm region during two different time periods, September 1977-October 1978 and November 1984-October 1986. Totally, 31/229 (14%) patients with acute HBV infection had a HDV co-infection. No change in the frequency of co-infections, 12% and 15%, respectively, was observed between the 1970s and 1980s. Among the 31 HDV co-infected patients 74% were intravenous drug addicts. Totally 23/66 (35%) intravenous drug addicts with acute HBV infection had HDV co-infection. Clinically a biphasic rise of the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin was noted among 63% of the HDV co-infected patients but only among 8% of the solely HBV infected patients (p less than 0.001). A clinically more severe hepatitis was seen significantly more often among the HDV co-infected patients than among the solely HBV infected.
Infection
PMID:Acute hepatitis B and hepatitis D co-infection in the Stockholm region in the 1970s and 1980s--a comparison. 207 8

An experimental model of sporadic non-A non-B hepatitis involving a Fab nonimmune binding activity in stools was established in the rhesus monkey. The first animal was inoculated intravenously with a stool extract from a French patient who had never left the country and in whom post-transfusion hepatitis was excluded. Four passages were performed, and the infection was transmitted by parenteral as well as the oral routes by inoculation of stools or liver extracts. Infection led in three monkeys to reversible hepatocyte injury manifested by a transitory increase in serum aminotransferases. The other three animals, in which persistently high levels of aminotransferases was observed, were sacrificed on day 60 after inoculation. The incubation period, as evidenced by elevation of aminotransferases was about 3 to 4 weeks. The infectious agent was transitorily present in the stools before aminotransferase elevation. The presence of the infectious agent in the stools was correlated with the nonimmune Fab binding activity.
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PMID:Serial passage of west-European sporadic non-A non-B hepatitis in rhesus monkeys by inoculation with fecal extracts. 210 5

In view of the recognized importance of necroinflammatory episodes in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chimpanzees, either HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers or noninfected (naive), were infected with other primary hepatotropic viruses to evaluate histologic alterations and changes in virologic and biochemical markers of infection. The advantages of studies on chimpanzees are the availability of serial biopsy specimens and the viral type-specific histologic lesions, not as well recognized in humans. Infection with hepatitis A and non-A, non-B (NANB) agents produced more severe lesions in chronic HBsAg carrier chimpanzees than in naive animals. During this superinfection, the specific expression of the second agent was predominant, indicating that the exacerbation is caused by the second agent, but that carriers are prone to more severe disease than the naive chimpanzees. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infections were always coexistant with HBV and superinfection of carriers produced histologic changes more severe than those seen in any other type of viral hepatitis. Such HDV infections revealed less evidence of lymphocytotoxicity but rather of cytotoxicity, and sometimes resembled in appearance the histopathology of NANB. Coinfection of HDV and HBV and superinfection of HBV-carriers with NANB resulted in hepatitis that was far less severe than superinfection of HDV in HBV carriers, greatly in keeping with human experiences. HBV replication was suppressed transiently in both NANB and HDV superinfection. This implies that in exacerbations during chronic HBV infections of humans, suppression of HBV replication markers indicates superinfection, for instance, by NANB for which markers are so far not widely available; by contrast, elevated markers of HBV replication suggest reactivation of the original HBV infection.
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PMID:The significance of infections with two types of viral hepatitis demonstrated by histologic features in chimpanzees. 210 49


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