Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of HIV infection on HBV and HDV replication and liver damage were evaluated by comparing the findings from 48 anti-HIV-positive HBsAg chronic carriers with those from 22 matched anti-HIV-negative subjects. The state of HBV/HDV infection was also related to the degree of immunodeficiency of the anti-HIV-positive patients. Most patients were intravenous drug addicts (IVDA) (84.2%); male homosexuals represented only a small proportion (7.1%). Serum HBV-DNA was detected more frequently in anti-HIV-negative than in anti-HIV-positive patients (50% vs. 35%) despite evidence of HDV replication in the anti-HIV-negative group (P = 0.02). Seroconversion from ongoing to inactive HBV infection occurred in 45% of anti-HIV-negative patients as well as in 23% of anti-HIV-positive patients (P = ns). The difference in severity of liver damage between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.84). Furthermore, in the anti-HIV-positive subjects, HBV and/or HDV activity was detected in 63% of patients with mild immunodeficiency (CDC groups II and III with a total CD4 count greater than 400/mm3) and also in 75% of ARC-AIDS patients (CDC groups IV A-IV C) (P = ns). Severe hepatic disease occurred in subjects with CD4 counts above or below 400/mm3 (13 vs. 6, respectively). In conclusion, the data do not demonstrate that HBV or HDV infections are modified by HIV. The epidemiological background of the patients investigated and the extensive spread of hepatitis viruses in Italy before the appearance of HIV may account for the lack of relationship between HIV and HBV/HDV infections.
 ...
PMID:Lack of HBV and HDV replicative activity in HBsAg-positive intravenous drug addicts with immune deficiency due to HIV. 168 Oct 28

A random primed lambda gt11-cDNA library was constructed from donors plasma presumably infected by blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C:HC) agent and immunoscreened with serum pooled from patients with acute or chronic HC. Twelve lambda gt11-cDNA clones encoding antigens associated with HC infection in Japan as well as in the USA were isolated. Of these one clone consisting of 114 nucleotides and showing a discrete band on an immunoblot analysis, was extensively studied. The clone is not derived from the host DNA encoding one polypeptide specific and highly sensitive for serum from patients with HC and has no homology to the nucleotide sequences of known human viruses including hepatitis A,B and D viruses, Ebstein-Barr virus, coxsackievirus, immunodeficiency virus type 1 or Japanese encephalitis virus. These results suggest that this clone is derived from the genome of HC agent.
 ...
PMID:A cDNA clone encoding a peptide highly specific for hepatitis C infection. 169 49

A random primed lambda gt11-cDNA library was constructed from donors plasma presumably infected by blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C:HC) agent and immunoscreened with serum pooled from patients with acute or chronic HC. Twelve lambda gt11-cDNA clones were isolated that was shown to encode antigens associated specifically with HC infection in Japan as well as in USA. Of these two, as well as another clone which is specific only to Japanese HC infection, have unique nucleotide sequences and were extensively studied. They are not derived from host DNA and have no homology to the sequences of known human viruses including hepatitis A, B and D viruses, Ebstein-Barr virus, coxsackievirus, immunodeficiency virus type 1 or Japanese encephalitis virus. These results suggest that they are derived from the genome of HC agent(s). In addition, of these, one clone seems to encode epitopes derived from both the core and the surface polypeptides of the agent.
 ...
PMID:Cloning of hepatitis C virus genomes and their properties. 169 32

The overall prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in a group of 125 haemophiliacs was 62%. Four patients who had never received replacement therapy were anti-HCV negative. Of the 121 patients injected regularly with commercial concentrates, 76 were already anti-HCV seropositive in 1985 and remained so throughout the follow-up. Two patients seroconverted in 1987 without obvious signs or symptoms of hepatitis. Our patients were treated with dry heat-treated concentrates since 1985 and with wet heat- or solvent/detergent-treated concentrates since 1988. The absence of further seroconversions and of symptoms of acute post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis since 1988 suggest that present virucidal treatments of concentrates are effective in preventing HCV transmission. Anti-HCV positivity appeared to be unrelated to the type and degree of haemophilia as well as to the presence of antibodies to hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and human herpesvirus type 6.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in Italian haemophiliacs injected with virus-inactivated concentrates: five year follow-up and correlation with antibodies to other viruses. 170 52

Recent reports of transmission by intravenous gamma-globulin preparations of non-A non-B hepatitis (NANBH), including several cases that progressed to severe liver damage and death, have raised concerns about the safety of intravenous gamma-globulin. However, the problem does not seem to be widespread. To assess this issue, we previously reported the results of liver function tests monitored in 41 patients with primary immunodeficiency treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV), pH 4.25 over periods ranging from 6 to 15 months. Eighteen of these patients at two of the three centers have now had serial serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels performed regularly at intervals of 1-5 weeks while continuing monthly intravenous infusions of nonmodified IGIV, pH 4.25 for an additional 14-26 months. The standard dosage was 400 mg per kg body weight IGIV, pH 4.25. Six lots of IGIV, pH 4.25 were used. Transient minor SGPT elevations were observed in 5 of the patients on a total of 8 occasions. None of the elevations was considered indicative of NANBH or of any chronic hepatic disease. All patients remained negative for hepatitis B surface antigen throughout the study.
 ...
PMID:Prospective study on the hepatitis safety of intravenous immunoglobulin, pH 4.25. 170 45

4000 sera were tested for antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) by means of an ELISA using the C100-3 antigen. 38.9% of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis following blood transfusion (n = 108) had HCV antibodies. Among patients with chronic liver damage of unknown origin (n = 316) 30.4% were anti-HCV positive, and in 2,506 patients with transitional or chronic elevation of transaminases 14.8% showed HCV antibodies. Haemophiliacs (n = 26) with 65.4% anti-HCV positives and drug addicts (n = 46) with 56.5% anti-HCV positives had the highest prevalence among high risk groups. Addicts dying from drug abuse (n = 216) and HIV 1 positives (n = 127) were anti-HCV positive in 37.5% and 26.0%, respectively. Patients on haemodialysis (n = 331) had antibodies against HCV in 12.4%. Health care workers (n = 217) appear to be at a comparably low risk with only 2.8% anti-HCV positives. Up to now we could not find a single case of intrafamilial spread of HCV in 46 examined cases. We suggest that HCV infectivity of contaminated body fluids and blood is lower than that of hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carriers. In suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis negative test results should be confirmed in a second sample because it may take three to six months after infection before HCV antibodies occur. However, about 10% of chronic HCV infections are not detectable with the presently available test. This may change when new tests become available using HCV specific antigens other than C100-3.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies among different groups at risk and patients with suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis. 171 Oct 18

A seroepidemiological study was conducted, during 1988 and 1989, of mother-child pairs living in The Gambia (West Africa) in order to determine the distribution of the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). Specimens were obtained from 931 children (age range, 14-17, months) and 923 mothers (age range, 14-17 years) using village-based cluster samples; the children are participating in The Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study (GHIS), a large-scale HBV vaccination program. Large numbers of indeterminate Western blot patterns were observed among the mothers, mainly for HIV-1 antibodies; HIV-1 infected subjects were not found, whereas an HIV-2 seroprevalence rate of 0.75% was observed. The children born to the seven HIV-2 positive women were seronegative for HIV-2 antibodies, and none of the children showed HIV-2 or HIV-1 seropositively.
 ...
PMID:HIV-1 and HIV-2 seroprevalence rates in mother-child pairs living in The Gambia (west Africa). 173 84

Health care workers are at risk of exposure to serious infectious diseases. Since the seroconversion rate is approximately 0.4% for human immunodeficiency virus and may be greater than 20% for hepatitis exposure, these risks are substantial. To assess body fluid exposure to otolaryngology operating room personnel, elective operations were prospectively analyzed over 2 months. Statistical evaluation was made between types of cases and length of procedures. Thirty-eight contaminations occurred in 228 operations with 26 torn gloves, 1 soaked grown, 6 skin scratches, 4 skin punctures, and 1 ocular exposure. Exposure was more likely in cases longer than 3 hours. Independent of procedure length, head and neck operations carried the greatest risk, followed by otologic procedures, as compared to general, endoscopic, pediatric, and elective trauma cases. The impact of potential operative exposure and universal precautions is emphasized.
 ...
PMID:Intraoperative infectious disease exposure to otolaryngology operating room personnel. 176 96

The risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis transmission by an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparation was assessed in a prospective multicenter trial in 68 patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (40 children or adolescents and 28 adults). During the 4-week prestudy evaluation period the clinical examinations and liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were normal in all patients. The treatment consisted of three infusions of 200 mg IVIG (pH 4; pepsin procedure) per kilogram body weight at 2-week intervals. During the observation period of 24 weeks following the first infusion of the study IVIG, the patients were monitored at regular time intervals. No clinical and laboratory signs of hepatitis or liver dysfunction were noticed. All patients completed the study. In 5 patients, one isolated alanine aminotransferase value and in another patient one gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase value were moderately elevated, but always below 2.5 times the upper limit of the reference range. Similar isolated and transient elevations were observed for aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. It was concluded that the IVIG preparation did not transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis or other viral liver diseases.
 ...
PMID:Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations: a prospective multicenter study to exclude the risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis. 177 40

A retrospective analysis of 135 drug addicts followed between 1986 to 1987, was done, in order to asses the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis Delta virus (HDV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as also their clinical and prognostic significance. A high prevalence of HBV, HDV and HCV infection was observed in this study: 81%, 64% and 83% respectively; in contrast just one case was positive for HIV. Among the drug addicts the frequency of multiple infections (HBV/HCV 51.6%; HBV/HDV/HCV 18.7%; HBV/HDV 2.2%; HCV/HIV 1.1%) was highest in comparison with isolated (HBV 5.5%; HCV 12.1%) or absent infection (73.6% vs 17.6% vs 8.8% respectively; p less than 0.001). Eleven of 12 (92%) patients with Delta hepatitis and HCV superinfection were seronegative for IgM anti-HD; in contrast the case without HCV superinfection was IgM anti-HD positive. In the former group the Alanine Amino-transferases (ALT) were significantly lower comparatively with those HBV positive patients superinfected by HCV (97 +/- 92 IU/L vs 249 +/- 125 IU/L; p = 0.001), and were not different from drug addicts with isolated HCV infection (62 +/- 49 IU/L). The results of this study indicate, a low prevalence of HIV infection in the Portuguese drug addicts and a high frequency of multiple HBV, HDV and HCV infection in the same period of study. Our observations suggest that HCV may have the capacity to inhibit the replication and pathogenic activity of hepatitis Delta virus.
 ...
PMID:[Viral infections in intravenous drug addicts. Clinical and prognostic significance]. 178 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>