Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1972 and 1976, 585 persons attending methadone maintenance clinics at East Coast veterans hospitals were enrolled in a survey of hepatitis antibody prevalence. Sera were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) using both HTLV-I and HTLV-II immunoblots. Clinical and death records were also reviewed. None of the sera had HIV antibodies (upper 95% confidence limit, 0.5%); however, 103 (18%) had reactivity to HTLV. The profile of reactivity suggested that these subjects had been exposed to HTLV-II rather than to HTLV-I. Prevalence was as high in the early 1970s as today and correlated with duration of drug use rather than age. Neither cancers, specific neurologic diseases, nor excess deaths from any cause (overall 14%) could be ascribed to seropositivity. Therefore, HTLV (probably HTLV-II) has been a common infection of drug users for many years but adverse outcomes following infection were not demonstrated.
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PMID:Antibody to human retroviruses among drug users in three east coast American cities, 1972-1976. 167 Jun 8

Twenty-seven patients suffering from congenital coagulation defects of the prothrombin complex factors were investigated: six had haemophilia B; 14, factor VII defect; four, factor X defect; and three, factor II defect. Nineteen patients (70.3%) had previously received plasma and/or clotting factors concentrates. Among these, markers of hepatitis B infection (HBV) were present in five cases (26.3%) and hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies were found in seven cases (36.8%). The HIV1 prevalence was similarly high. In fact, five patients (26.3%), previously infused with factor IX or prothrombin complex factors concentrates, developed HIV1 infection. No patient with factor VII deficiency became HIV1 positive, despite the administration of unheated factor VII concentrates and the consequent HBV and HCV contamination. In the HIV1 positive group, three patients showed a false positivity for HIV2 antibodies. Five years after seroconversion, three patients developed AIDS (stage IV) and died, one had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (stage III), and one with post-hepatitis liver cirrhosis was asymptomatic (stage II) for HIV infection. The significant decrease in total white cells, T4 lymphocytes and platelet counts and increase of beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin levels confirmed the prognostic value of these markers for the progression of HIV1 disease. Only one HIV1 negative transfused patient developed anti-HTLV-I p19 antibodies.
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PMID:Prevalence of HIV infection in a cohort of patients with congenital coagulation defects of the prothrombin complex factors. 178 37

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection is endemic in southwestern Japan, the Caribbean basin, Colombia, Africa and in several isolated populations in Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. To determine the seroprevalence of HTLV-I infection in Singapore, we tested sera from 115 hospitalized patients with acute nephritis, 50 patients with suspected leptospirosis, 34 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis, and from 28 healthy volunteers for IgG antibodies against HTLV-I using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies were detected in sera from 6 of the 199 patients and from 3 of the 28 healthy volunteers, but these positives could not be confirmed by Western immunoblotting. Our data are consistent with other reports of low seroprevalence of HTLV-I infection despite extensive Japanese contact in Korea, Taiwan, the People's Republic of China and Micronesia. Further studies on a larger sample size, however, are necessary to confirm the absence of any focus of infection in the Singapore population.
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PMID:Prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection in Singapore: a preliminary report. 182 7

Over the last dozen years the relative frequencies of specific transfusion reactions have markedly altered, in general for the better. Although AIDS remains the Public's primary concern, the risk of AIDS from a transfusion is extremely low at this point. Hepatitis remains the most common infectious complication of blood transfusion, but only 1 in 6,000 units now carry a risk, whereas in the early 1980's the risk is believed to have been close to 10% per patient. Transmission of HTLV-I/II has also been markedly reduced by tests of donor sera. In contrast, cytomegalovirus has become of increased importance in view of the large number of patients immunosuppressed for transplantation and cancer therapy; bacterial growth in blood components appears to be increasingly common; and Chagas disease is likely to become a serious transfusion problem in this country. More widespread use of filters which remove three logs or more of white blood cells from components should play a major role in reducing transfusion reactions further.
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PMID:Transfusion reactions: the changing priorities. 771 89

The prevalence and incidence of human T cell leukemia virus type I/II (HTLV-I/II) and hepatitis A, B, and C virus infection were determined among US Marines stationed in Okinawa, Japan. Of 2875 personnel, 2 (0.07%) had antibody to HTLV-I/II. After 1-3 years, no HTLV seroconversions were observed, although 23% reported sexual contact with Okinawans. Of 1010 hepatitis-tested marines, 121 (12%) had antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), 26 (2.6%) had antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and 2 (0.2%) had antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). On follow-up, 1 subject seroconverted to anti-HAV, 8 to anti-HBc, and none to anti-HCV. Most marines with recent hepatitis B infection were young, single, and enlisted and had been on short deployments to other countries in Southeast Asia. Marines stationed in Okinawa are not at high risk for HTLV infection but are at increased risk for hepatitis B infection and should be considered for vaccination.
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PMID:The risk of human T cell leukemia virus and viral hepatitis infection among US Marines stationed in Okinawa, Japan. 787 20

Generation of epidemiological data on perinatally-transmitted infections is a fundamental tool for the formulation of health policies. In Brazil, this information is scarce, particularly in Northeast, the poorest region of the country. In order to gain some insights of the problem we studied the seroprevalence of some perinatally-transmitted infections in 1,024 low income pregnant women in Salvador, Bahia. The prevalences were as follow: HIV-1 (0.10%), HTLV-I/II (0.88%), T.cruzi (2.34%). T.pallidum (3.91%), rubella virus (77.44%). T.gondii IgM (2.87%) and IgG (69.34%), HBs Ag (0.6%) and anti-HBs (7.62%). Rubella virus and T.gondii IgG antibodies were present in more than two thirds of pregnant women but antibodies against other pathogens were present at much lower rates. We found that the prevalence of HTLV-I/II was nine times higher than that found for HIV-1. In some cases such as T.cruzi and hepatitis B infection there was a decrease in the prevalence over the years. On the other hand, there was an increase in the seroprevalence of T.gondii infection. Our data strongly recommend mandatory screening tests for HTLV-I/II, T.gondii (IgM), T.pallidum and rubella virus in prenatal routine for pregnant women in Salvador. Screening test for T.cruzi, hepatitis and HIV-1 is recommended whenever risk factors associated with these infections are suspected. However in areas with high prevalence for these infections, the mandatory screening test in prenatal care should be considered.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV-I/II and other perinatally-transmitted pathogens in Salvador, Bahia. 859 64

Although a new virus, GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), has been isolated from patients with hepatitis by two different research groups, its prevalence in the world and pathogenesis are still unknown. In this study, 92 samples from the Jewish population of Uzbekistan were investigated for the prevalence of GBV-C/HGV. GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers derived from the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). Sequences were analyzed by a molecular evolutionary method. Of 92 samples, GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected in ten (10.9%), HCV RNA was present in two (2.2%), and HBsAg in eight (8.7%). HTLV-I and HIV infection was not detected. Single GBV-C/HGV infection was detected in eight (80%), and co-infection with HBV or HCV was detected in only two of the GBV-C/HGV infections. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated in three (3.3%), but none with single GBV-C/HGV infection had an elevated ALT level. Nine people (90%) with GBV-C/HGV infection were distributed under the mean age of the population (P < 0.05). Molecular evolutionary analysis showed all GBV-C/HGV strains in this study were related to the HGV derived from the US. These results indicate that (1) GBV-C/HGV infection is highly prevalent among the Jewish population in Uzbekistan; (2) single GBV-C/HGV infections without persistent hepatitis are common; and (3) GBV-C/HGV infection is present among the younger generation.
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PMID:High prevalence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection among the Jewish population in Uzbekistan. 914 Jan 96

Representatives of various population groups in Azerbaijan were tested for infection with human T-lymphotropic (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) and hepatotropic viruses (HCV and HBV). A total of 835 sera were studied by screening and specific tests for virus-specific antibodies and/or antigens. Thirty-five DNA specimens from peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed in the PCR for HTLV-I-specific sequences. No HTLV-I or HIV were detected, but two cases with integration of the HTLV-I LTR gene into cellular DNA genome were detected. A high rate of infection with hepatitis B and C was revealed. The level of anti-HCV was 8.7%, HBsAg 4.1%, and antiHBs 23.4%. Six cases with double HBV-HCV infection were detected. High values of ALT among HBV/HCV-seronegative subjects prompts their testing for other types of hepatitis viruses.
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PMID:[Analysis of some viral infections, transmitted by parenteral and sexual routes, in the Republic of Azerbaijan]. 1054 53

We reported a 60-year-old female patient with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) accompanied by primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The diagnosis of PBC and AIH was confirmed by liver biopsy. HAM is considered to be mediated by cellular immune mechanisms, while humoral immune mechanisms may play a predominant role in the development of PBC and AIH. Flowcytometric analysis of lymphocyte subset of peripheral blood was within normal limits. We then collected CD4 positive cells from the patient. These cells expressed T helper 2 (Th 2) cytokine mRNA such as IL-4 and IL-10, but did not express Th 1 cytokines, indicating the predominance of Th 2 in this patient. This case suggested the possibility that disease associated Th 2 might develop in the course of Th1-mediated disease like HAM.
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PMID:[A case with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) accompanied by primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)]. 1068 35

We report a 49-year-old man who was an HTLV-I carrier with an immunodeficiency state and intracranial pyramidal tract lesion revealed by MRI. He was born in Hokkaido and was admitted to our hospital because of fluminant hepatitis. On admission, neurologic examination revealed exaggerated deep tendon reflexes including the jaw jerk; the plantar response was flexor. Laboratory examination revealed decrease in the number of lymphocytes and CD4-positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and CD4/CD8 ratio was consistently low, indicating the presence of cellular immunodeficiency state. Serum anti-HTLV-I antibody was markedly increased but he did not have HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM). He had no underlying disease which would cause immunodeficiency state such as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or HIV infection. We concluded that the HTLV-I carrier state induced his immunodeficiency. During the course, he developed retrobulbar neuritis. T2 weighted cranial MRI revealed high signal lesions in the bilateral corona radiata, posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the pontine base, corresponding to the location of the pyramidal tracts. His hospital course was complicated by opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infections, and meningitis, and died of multiple organ failure 7 months after the admission. Cellular immunodeficiencies in ATL patients are well known. Intracranial central nervous system (CNS) lesions in HAM patients are also mentioned. Recently coincidence of ATL and HAM in the same patients has also been reported. Asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers may have a latent immunodeficiency state and/or CNS lesions. We shall have to be alert about the presence of such carriers.
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PMID:[A patient with marked immunodeficiency in an HTLV-I carrier: a case report]. 1083 33


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