Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The discovery of persistent transmissible agents by veterinarians has led to striking advances in the infectious cause of neuropathies of human beings. There is evidence for persisting infection in congenital rubella and the herpes group of viruses including cytomegalovirus infections. Hepatitis types A and B are candidates for inclusion in the category of persisting viral infections. The rubeola or measles virus is established as a persistent virus which causes elevated antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of many patients with severe demyelinating disease such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis. Elevated antibodies against vaccinia virus have been found in the cerebrospinal fluid of some patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, a rare form of multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:Persistent or slow viral infections and related diseases. 16 38

"Gigasept" is a highly efficient chemical disinfectant on the basis of succine dialdehyde and form aldehyde. The virucidal capacity was assayed in the suspension test procedure with different representative RNA and DNA viruses with and without an envelope, such as polio wild virus type I, coxsackie virus type B 3, adeno virus type 3, herpes virus type ) and vaccinia virus. Parameter for disinfectant activity was the virus inactivation kinetic, i. e. interdependence of titer reduction vs. disinfectant concentration and disinfectant contact time. A "minimal disinfection" was defined as a greater than or equal to 99.9% virus inactivation. A "disinfection per definitionem" must gain a titer reduction of greater than or equal to 10(3) ID 50 and absence of virus. According to these criteria all virus strains were inactivated by Gigasept regardless of absence or presence of serum, which was tested in a concentration of 40% calf serum. Disinfection per definitionem was achieved with Gigasept concentrations of 3% after 60 min. or 5% after 30 min. except for enteroviruses. This group of viruses has to be disinfected with a 10% solution for 4 hours or with a 5% solution overnight. Gigasept, on the basis of these results, can be classified as a highly effective virucidal disinfectant. As to the hepatitis virus group however, no data so far are available. An enterovirus - disinfection procedure is recommended in hepatitis risk areas, as long as test systems for hepatitis viruses are not developed.
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PMID:[Virucidal activity of the disinfectant "gigasept" against different enveloped and non-enveloped RNA-and DNA-viruses, pathogenic for men. I. Investigation in the suspension test (author's transl)]. 17 45

Of 567 patients receiving renal transplantation at the University of Minnesota between October 1967 and October 1975, 22 developed clinical jaundice. Of these 22, nine died with their initial episode of hepatitis, six died within three months of causes associated with liver malfunction, four developed evidence of chronic hepatic failure and only three totally recovered from their illness. Five had clear evidence of Australia antigen positive hepatitis B, four of cytomegalovirus hepatitis, two of herpes hominis hepatitis, one of varicella zoster hepatitis and three of hepatic failure associated with systemic bacterial and/or fungal sepsis. Two of the 22 patients were thought likely to have cytomegalovirus hepatitis though definite proof was absent and in five patients a clear-cut etiology could not be made. In many of these patients the diagnosis was confounded by the previous presence of HB(s)Ag antigen and the frequent occurrence of a previous or concurrent infection with cytomegalovirus. The role of various drugs including azathioprine, sulfisoxazole, chlorpromazine, acetominophen, etc., could not be established but major roles for these agents in the face of the many viral and bacterial infections present in these patients is doubted. No clear-cut therapy could be established although it appears safe to discontinue azathioprine for longer or shorter periods of time with or without substitution of cyclophosphamide without serious deterioration of renal function. The problem of hepatic failure in transplant patients is still unsolved and will require a prospective study of etiologic agents and sub-clinical hepatic dysfunction in order to establish even the first principles of clinical-pathological correlation.
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PMID:Jaundice after renal allotransplantation. 21 23

The etiology of 72 episodes of liver disease that developed in 62 of 162 renal-transplant recipients was evaluated. Infection with hepatitis B virus was a minor problem, and none of our patients had evidence of infection with hepatitis A. Cytomegalovirus infection was ubiquitous in the population and probably accounted for many episodes of acute liver disease. This agent's role in causing chronic hepatitis is less secure. Infections with other viruses including Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and the herpes viruses were only rarely associated with hepatic disease. Azathioprine was responsible for some episodes of acute cholestasis but could not be incriminated as a direct cause of chronic disease. A cause could be identified for the majority of episodes of acute hepatic dysfunction, but the cause of most of the chronic hepatitis remains undetermined. It is likely that infection with non-A, non-B hepatitis virus accounts for much of this serious, often fatal, complication of renal transplantation.
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PMID:Etiology of liver disease in renal-transplant patients. 22 42

A summary is given on the local and general risks of blood donation for the donor and especially on the recipient's risks to blood transfusion itself, including massive transfusion. The transfusion reactions are grouped in (1) risks in connection with the technique and physics of transfusion (cooling, air embolism, microaggregation, circulatory overload), (2) biochemical-metabolic risks (citrate intoxication, acidity, coagulation deficiencies), (3) immunological-serological risks (allergic and hemolytic reaction, addendum: pyrogenic reaction), (4) dangers of infection (bacteria: septic-toxic reaction, protozoae: malaria, viruses: herpes group, cytomegaly, hepatitis). In order to cut down the overall frequency of transfusion reactions, the use of blood derivatives instead of whole blood has been described.
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PMID:[Risks to donor and recipient in blood collection and blood transfusion]. 55 63

An overview of dermatological diseases which occur in conjunction with oral contraceptive (o.c.) use is presented. An increase in pigmentation during o.c. use is attributed to an increase in the binding of cortisol with transcortin caused by the estrogen component, which leads to an increase in melanin-stimulating hormone production. Sebum production is decreased during o.c. use, which has a beneficial effect in cases of acne and seborrhea oleosa. This effect is most pronounced with preparations containing chlormadinon acetate, which has an antiandrogenic effect. O.C. use can influence hair growth by disturbing the balance between anagenic and telogenic hairs. Androgenetic alopecia is most often caused by preparations containing nortestosterone. Peroral dermatitits, lupus erythmatodes visceralis and similar disorders, and allergic skin reactions have been observed among o.c. users. Porphyria cutanea tarda is generally found in young women in conjunction with o.c. use, which can be related to liver dysfunctions. Vaginal candidosis is also more frequently found among o.c. users, particularly in conjunction with combination preparations. Herpes gestationes can occur during o.c. use, mainly among women who developed it during pregnancy. Progesterone appears to be responsible for provoking the condition. 166 patients who developed dermatological disorders during o.c. use were studied according to the preparation each used. Acne vulgaris improved more frequently among Ovosiston users. A marked increase in vaginal fluor indicated an increase in trichomoniasis and candida mycosis. In all observed cases of porphyria cutanea tarda, liver damage (hepatitis, cyrrhosis, or fatty liver) could be ascertained.
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PMID:[Reactions and side effects of ovulation inhibitors on the skin]. 72 69

7 cases of pruritus in pregnancy are reported and their laboratory findings compared with a group of normal pregnant women; then pruritus is reviewed with respect to diagnosis, pathogenesis, therapy, and prognosis. The 7 women developed pruritus in 28-38 weeks of typically the 2nd pregnancy, although during oral contraception in 1 woman. The frequency was about 2/1000 pregnancies. Lab findings suggestive of cholestasis included normal prothrombin, elevated transaminaes, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and slowed BSP clearance. None of these women had any history of hepatitis, medication, or positive Australia antigen. It is important in diagnosis to rule out infections, toxic or iatrogenic hepatitis, and especially herpes gestationis, which is teratogenic. Pruritus of pregnancy is identical to that seen during oral contraception, i.e., it is a less severe form of cholestatsis than jaundice. It can be treated with cholestyramine, or will regress spontaneously after delivery, but may cause prematurity.
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PMID:[Significance of pruritus during pregnancy. Relations with the hepatic disorders of gestation]. 113 31

The human herpes virus 6 (HHV 6) may induce not only the wellknown condition of exanthem subitum, but also a number of more common (cf. Part 1) or rare, even previously unknown, clinical manifestations. Part 2 of this paper deals with the more rarely observed manifestations. These include complications of ARD (sinusitis, otitis media, bronchial pneumonia) hepatitis, encephalitis or Pfeiffer's disease (mononucleosis-like syndrome). In individuals with a relevant disposition (genetic HLA/DR type?) initiation or (re-)activation of rheumatoid arthritis (JCA = juvenile chronic arthritis) or chronic iridocyclitis may occur. Although, on account of the high prevalence of vaccination in our population (approximately 95%), prenatal infections are extremely rare, they may manifest in a severe "septic" form (fatalities have occurred) or may lead to neurological deficits (comparable with cytomegalovirus infection). To date, no specific therapy (e.g. gammaglobulin, virostatics) or reliable preventive measures (e.g. vaccination) are available.
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PMID:[Infections with herpesvirus 6--really only "exanthema subitum"? Part 2: Rare or unknown disease pictures]. 133 53

After a review of the literature reports from recent years viral infections in pregnant women are presented as a fetal and neonatal risk factor. Maternal infections with rubella virus, cytomegalovirus++, hepatitis, Coxsackie B, varicella, herpes, poliomyelitis, parvovirus B19 and HIV are discussed stressing their unfavourable effect on the developing embryo, fetus or newborn.
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PMID:[Maternal viral infections as a fetal risk factor]. 133 11

Mucosal resistance to infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) has been previously demonstrated, and the LDV system presents an important murine model for the study of mucosal barriers to viral infection. In the present study, duodenal molecules were isolated from normal mice which had potent virucidal activity, when tested against LDV as well as canine herpes, canine hepatitis, Semliki forest, and visna viruses. The virucidal activity was demonstrated to be non-immune in nature, and was present in apparently non-enzymatic protein molecules, having a molecular mass of between 10-100 kDa by membrane filtration and 10-17 kDa by gel filtration. The anti-LDV activity of these molecules was suppressed by anti-duodenum antibodies in vitro, and in vivo studies suggested a possible protective role for the anti-viral molecules. We conclude that the normal mouse duodenum contains potent virucidal molecules, which are of interest to the study of biological and molecular mechanisms of viral resistance.
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PMID:Virucidal effect of murine duodenal extracts: studies with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. 141 11


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