Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The development of a serologic assay to detect antibodies directed at an antigen (C-100-3) of the hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) has been a major breakthrough in the long search for causative agents of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. The frequency of HCV in those who have end-stage liver disease is not known. Moreover, the rate of recurrence after liver transplantation (OLTx) and the rate of acquisition of new HCV infection as a result of the OLTx experience is as yet unknown. This study was performed in an attempt to answer these questions. The prevalence of HCV in 372 patients undergoing OLTx at the University of Pittsburgh was determined. Those transplanted for HBV-related liver disease with hepatoma had the highest rate of HCV antibody positivity (45.4%) followed by those with metabolic liver disease (42.5%), putative NANB liver disease (41.4%), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (20.9%); those with cholestatic liver disease exhibited the lowest rate (16.2%). HCV antibody was positive in only 26.3% of patients with hepatoma. Of those patients who were negative prior to transplantation, 12.2% acquired HCV antibody post-OLTx. In the putative NANB group, no difference was detected in the AST and ALT prior to transplantation in either the HCV antibody-positive or -negative patients. In patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, those who were positive for HCV antibody had higher transaminase levels prior to transplantation than did those patients who were HCV antibody negative.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in a liver transplantation population. 131 88

Activities of alpha-L-fucosidase (alpha-Fucase), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (beta-GlcNA-case), N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminidase (beta-GalNAcase) and alpha-mannosidase (alpha-Manase) in sera of normal adults, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), benign liver diseases and non-liver diseases were determined by microquantitative spectrophotometry. The results showed that the activity of the four serum glycosidases in patients with HCC was significantly higher than that in normal adults. When the maximum 95% confidence limit was used as the positive line, the positivities of alpha-Fucase, beta-GlcNAcase, beta-GalNAcase and alpha-Manase for the diagnosis of HCC were 66.80%, 37.29%, 32.20% and 18.64%, respectively. There was a close relationship among the four glycosidases without being related to serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Some patients with benign liver diseases and non-liver diseases also had elevated glycosidase activity. However, the increase in several glycosidase activities was mainly found in HCC patients. Hepatitis patients with increased activities of more than one glycosidase were always accompanied with elevated SGPT or other abnormal liver functions. Therefore, serum glycosidase spectrum is useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HCC, especially in AFP negative HCC patients.
 ...
PMID:[Value of serum glycosidase spectrum in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 131 91

The prevalence of hepatitis virus markers in patients with chronic liver diseases from two countries has been studied: 68 patients (38 alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, 30 chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis) from Hungary as well as 109 patients (55 alcoholic liver disease, 45 chronic hepatitis or cryptogenic cirrhosis and 9 hepatoma) from Romania were examined for HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and anti-HDV, using the corresponding Abbott Elisa test systems. In alcoholic liver disease HBsAg occurred in 6/38 patients from Hungary and in 22/55 patients respectively, that is HBV markers occurred with significantly higher frequency in alcoholic patients from Romania (p less than 0.05). In the Hungarian group a total of 36 patients were HBsAg positive and out of them 5 had anti-HDV (13.9%), while out of 21 Romania HBsAg carriers 10 patients had anti-HDV (47.6%). Among 9 hepatoma patients 4 had HBsAg, 6 anti-HBs and 7 anti-HBc and 4 had anti-HCV and 3 had anti-HDV. One patient with hepatoma had both HBsAg and anti-HCV plus anti-HDV as well. Results suggest that the infection with hepatitis viruses in alcoholic liver diseases is more common in Romania than in Hungary, and the prevalence of delta virus infection in HBV carriers is also significantly higher in Romania than in Hungary.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatitis virus (HBV, HCV, HDV) markers in chronic liver diseases. Comparative studies in two East-Central European countries]. 132 99

Amongst 17 patients with hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) encountered at Westmead Hospital between 1981 and 1990, FNH was found in association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in three (3/17), one male and two females, one of whom also had peliosis and an hepatic adenoma. FNH was also found in association with other conditions which may affect hepatic function, structure or circulation, including chronic obstructive airways disease (2), congestive cardiomyopathy (1), chronic active hepatitis (1), granulomatous hepatitis (1), coeliac artery stenosis (1) and metastatic malignant melanoma (1). This report, derived from our experience with FNH over 10 years draws attention to a possible link between FNH, hepatic malignancy and conditions which may disturb the hepatic circulation. We suggest that patients with FNH should be investigated thoroughly and an aggressive management policy should be adopted.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: a benign incidentaloma or a marker of serious hepatic disease? 132 5

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyse the results of 1102 primary liver cancer (PLC) patients who underwent liver resection in the past thirty years and to research some effective approaches for improving the longterm effect of PLC treatment. Ninety five percent were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 85.2% with cirrhosis of hepatitis and 25.6% with tumor equal to or smaller than 5 cm in diameter. The mortality rate (MR) within 1 month after operation was 1.8%, the operative MR was 8.8% before 1977 and only 0.4% after that. The total 5-year survival rate (SR) was 28.4% while in the group of small tumor (less than or equal to 5 cm), it was 75.0%. Our experience is as follows: (1) Early diagnosis and early resection of PLC is the key point for improving the operative result of long-term survival. In 282 cases of small cancer, tumor resection rate was 90.0%. Of 48 cases with tumor equal to or smaller than 3 cm in diameter, the 5-year SR was 83.3%. (2) Rehepatectomy for recurrent liver cancer is an important approach for improving the surgical result. In our series, recurrent rate within 5 years postoperation was 72.3% in larger tumor group and 34.5% in small tumors. There were 78 cases undergoing reoperation in a total number of 170 times of rehepatectomy with 54.7% of 5-year SR, after the 1st operation and 34.6% after the 2nd one. (3) For unresectable large tumors, two-stage operation is an important development in liver surgery. We had 26 cases of such patients with 60.0% of 5-year SR. (4) Improvement of operating techniques plays an important role in reducing postoperative complications, lowering operative mortality and obtaining better operative result. (5) Postoperative comprehensive treatment is also important for solidating operative effect and preventing tumor recurrence.
 ...
PMID:Surgical approaches for improving the operating results of primary liver cancer. 132 42

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers run an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where the expression of HBV genes play the most important role in the initial stage of hepatocarcinogenesis. As the integration of HBV DNA into the cellular DNA of HCC as well as chronic hepatitis was demonstrated very frequently, the virus-cell fusion gene was considered to be most essential for hepatocarcinogenesis. Among the virus-cell fusion genes, the X gene is known to function as a transactivator for viral and cellular genes at the time of chronic infection. One mechanism for hepatocarcinogenesis that appears particularly reasonable is transactivation of cellular oncogenes by the X-cell fusion protein. In 1990, we found a part of the amino acid sequences in the X protein to be highly homologous to functionally essential sequences in the Kunitz domain, characteristic of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors. It has been recently demonstrated that X protein expressed in E. coli or from the in vitro translation system binds to a specific serine protease from the liver cells. These results indicate that transactivation function of X protein may be exerted by acting as a protease inhibitor analogue to control the proteolytic pathway of cellular transcription factor(s). On the other hand, viral hepatitis resulting from viruses other than hepatitis A virus and HBV has been referred to as non-A, non-B hepatitis. In 1989, the viral genome was molecularly cloned as a positive-strand RNA having about 10 kb in size and named as hepatitis C virus (HCV). Details of genetic structure and mechanism of expression are currently under investigation at molecular level.
 ...
PMID:[Gene expression of hepatitis viruses in the liver and hepatocarcinogenesis]. 132 91

Plasma TM levels in patients with various liver diseases were determined by using EIA. In normal subject (n = 58), it's concentration was 15.9 +/- 3.5 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). In liver diseases, the level increased: Acute hepatitis (n = 16), 23.0 +/- 6.5, chronic active hepatitis (n = 21) 22.2 +/- 6.6, compensated liver cirrhosis (n = 20) 27.8 +/- 10.1, decompensated liver cirrhosis (n = 14) 47.6 +/- 17.5, compensated liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 7) 26.3 +/- 7.9, decompensated liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 4) 46.0 +/- 11.8, and fulminant hepatitis (n = 9) 42.0 +/- 20.4. The percentages of abnormal values higher than 22.9 ng/ml, which is mean + 2SD in control subject was 38-100% in liver diseases, especially 100% in patients with liver cirrhosis or with fulminant hepatitis. There was little correlation between plasma TM levels and conventional liver function tests in various liver diseases. Immunohistochemical study of liver tissue showed that an increase of plasma TM level was partially caused by damage and regeneration of endothelial cell. Based on these results the measurement of plasma TM concentration could be an useful marker for detection of hepatic failure.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels in patients with liver disease]. 132 24

In order to clarify the significance of mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the genesis and development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an aflatoxin B1 low-exposure area, the spectrum, i.e., incidence, type, and site, of p53 gene mutations was examined in 169 tissue samples resected mainly from Japanese patients using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. Forty-nine tumors (29%) showed a p53 mutation (39 point mutations and 10 frameshifts). The point mutations comprised 18 transitions, only 4 of which occurred at CpG sites, and 21 transversions. Two evolutionarily conserved domains, IV and V, contained 65% of all mutations and codon 249 was the most frequent mutation site (7/49). The spectrum of p53 mutation did not differ among HCCs in relation to the type of hepatitis virus infection, sex, age, and background liver disease of patients, tumor size, or presence of metastasis, but incidence and site were significantly associated with the degree of differentiation of cancer cells. In poorly differentiated HCC, p53 mutation was frequent (54%) and clustered on domains IV and V, whereas in well or moderately differentiated HCC, the mutation was less frequent (21%) and equally distributed on domains II to V. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p in 55 (69%) of 80 informative cases and in 34 (95%) of 36 cases with p53 mutation. Therefore, p53 gene mutation is suggested to occur independently of the type of viral infection or status of preexisting liver disease and to occur preferentially in moderately and poorly differentiated HCCs in association with or after loss of another p53 allele as a late event of HCC progression.
 ...
PMID:p53 gene mutation spectrum in hepatocellular carcinoma. 133 Feb 91

In 1974, Prince et al. reported the existence of posttransfusion hepatitis with a long incubation period which was not related to hepatitis B virus (HBV). These cases were named "non-A, non-B" (NANB) hepatitis. The genome of NANB hepatitis virus was discovered recently using a recombinant complementary DNA (cDNA) approach. It was termed the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and a specific diagnostic tool for the circulating HCV antibody (anti-HCV) was developed using a purified viral polypeptide derived from recombinant yeast expressing a small part of the HCV genome. HCV is believed to be the main cause of blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide, which frequently evolves to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and which may also be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV is classified as part of the flaviviridae family and contains a positive-stranded RNA molecule by approximately 10 kb nucleotides. The HCV genome encodes a large polyprotein precursor, which is processed in structural nucleocapsid and envelope proteins and in non-structural proteins (NS1-NS5). Nucleotide sequence comparisons of distinct HCV isolates have shown a significant genetic variability between the different HCV strains. At present the diagnosis of HCV infection depends on various anti-HCV tests including second generation HCV Ab. Antigenic markers for HCV are being developed but the concentrations of HCV antigens in serum are at the lower limit of detectability by existing immunoassay technology. A polymerase chain reaction has been used to detect HCV RNA in the serum and liver. Serum HCV RNA disappears from serum after effective IFN treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental studies of hepatitis C virus: a review]. 133 74

One of the major debates in hepatocellular carcinogenesis at present is whether the hepatitis-B and -C viruses are directly carcinogenic or exert their effect indirectly by causing chronic necro-inflammatory hepatic disease, which in turn is responsible for malignant transformation of hepatocytes. This debate has been fueled by the observation that hepatitis C virus is a single-stranded RNA virus with no precedent for inducing cancer but with a marked propensity to cause chronic necro-inflammatory hepatic disease and by the findings in Chisari's transgenic mouse model, which suggest that severe and prolonged hepatocellular injury per se induces a proliferative response that progresses to tumour formation. Recent reports of a guanine to thymine mutation of the third base of codon 249 of the tumour suppressor gene, p53, in 50% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in regions of high aflatoxin exposure, and mutagenic experiments showing that aflatoxin B1 binds particularly to guanine residues in G-C-rich domains and that codon 249 is a preferred target have suggested a mechanism whereby aflatoxin might induce malignant transformation.
 ...
PMID:Tumours of the liver. 133 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>