Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aplastic anemia is a rare, life-threatening disease of unknown etiology, with unusually high prevalence in Thailand. It is sometimes associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). The hepatitis C virus (HCV), one of the causes of NANBH, is similar to flaviviridiae, a family of viruses many of whose members cause acute bone marrow suppression. To test the hypothesis that HCV viremia is associated with aplastic anemia among patients in Thailand, we compared 53 untransfused hospitalized aplastic anemia patients and 39 untransfused controls hospitalized for other conditions. We used the polymerase chain reaction to identify HCV viremia in three (5.7%) untransfused patients and two (5.1%) untransfused controls (P = 1.0, by Fisher's two-tailed exact test). Although our data do not exclude the possibility that a small subset of aplastic anemia cases are precipitated by HCV, we conclude that HCV viremia is not generally associated with aplastic anemia in Thailand. Our results also imply that the prevalence of HCV viremia may be unexpectedly high among untransfused persons in Thailand, a hypothesis that should be tested in other populations.
 ...
PMID:High prevalence of hepatitis C viremia among aplastic anemia patients and controls from Thailand. 131 6

A hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome was isolated and sequenced from a single Japanese patient with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. The genome (HCV-JT), which was constructed with 23 cDNA clones, consisted of 9436 nucleotides with a long open reading frame which could encode a sequence of 3010 amino acid residues. To study the sequence variation of the HCV genome in an individual, we analyzed another sequence of the HCV genome (HCV-JT') constructed with different cDNA clones derived from the same patient. The nucleotide variation between HCV-JT and -JT' was less than 1%, and was distributed throughout the genome except in the 5' non-coding region, where no variation was observed. The diversity was higher (1.6%) in the putative envelope protein region than in other regions. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of HCV-JT showed homologies of about 91 and 95%, respectively, with those of other Japanese HCV isolates. The nucleotide diversity was high in the gp 70 region (corresponding to the NS 1 region of flaviviruses) and low in the 5' non-coding and p22 (putative core protein) regions. A similar pattern of distribution of nucleotide changes was observed on comparison of HCV-JT with an American isolate HCV-US, where the homologies in nucleotide and amino acid sequences were about 79 and 85%, respectively. Base transversions contributed about 50% of the total base exchanges between the Japanese and American HCV sequences, but only 20% or less of those among Japanese HCV or among American HCV sequences. Thus, the Japanese and American HCVs are genetically distinguishable, supporting our earlier prediction that these two HCVs could be classified as different subtypes.
 ...
PMID:Molecular cloning of hepatitis C virus genome from a single Japanese carrier: sequence variation within the same individual and among infected individuals. 131 27

In 1987 Chiron Co. in USA and Arima et al. in Japan reported successful isolation of clones coding peptides specific for non-A, non-B hepatitis infection. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome reported by the Chiron is supposed to have structural proteins of core, matrix, envelope and non-structural proteins of NS 1-5 from 5' to 3' end. C-100 antibody of which antigen is derived from the NS 3-4 region of the HCV genome is used generally, it is not sufficient to diagnose hepatitis C. On the other hand, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences in the epitope of N-14 clone established by Arima et al. have homology to those of core region of the HCV genome. Usually there are some mutation in sequences of HCV genome, but there is little mutation in 5' non-coding region and core protein area. Therefore we could diagnose hepatitis C more exactly by using N-14 antibody. In the present study N-14 antibody was determined in 871 healthy subjects and 285 cases with liver diseases by an ELISA. 1.6% of healthy subjects and 70-75% of cases with non-A, non-B chronic liver diseases are positive for N-14 antibody. In acute non-A, non-B hepatitis, 33.3% of sporadic cases and 75.0% of post-transfusion cases are positive for the test. As only 2 of 100 cases with other liver diseases are positive for the test, the N-14 antibody test seems to be highly sensitive and specific for the non-A, non-B hepatitis virus infection. These 1156 cases were tested for the C-100 antibody as well. No much difference between the results by using these tests, 15-20% of discrepancy between the tests, has been observed. In conclusion hepatitis C can be diagnosed exactly by using N-14 antibody as well as by C-100 antibody. In addition for more exact diagnosis of hepatitis C, tests by N-14 antibody in combination with C-100 antibody will be prefered to determine anti HCV.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical significance of N-14 antibody (ELISA) in diagnosis of non-A, non-B liver disease]. 131 60

We report the cloning and sequencing of the putative structural region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome (2229 nucleotides) from an isolate derived from a British case of chronic sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. The overall sequence shows a higher similarity with one type of HCV, HCV1 (92%), than with HCV2 (80%), is very highly conserved at the 5' end (99%) preceding the long open reading frame, is well conserved also in the putative core region (90 to 97%), but shows marked variation in the putative envelope region, particularly in the envelope 2/non-structural 1 region (70%). The putative core gene was cloned in pJ3 omega under the early simian virus 40 promoter and expressed in human hepatoma cells. A predominantly cytoplasmic 22K polypeptide was expressed which was antigenically reactive with serum from chronically infected HCV patients.
 ...
PMID:Cloning and sequencing of the structural region and expression of putative core gene of hepatitis C virus from a British case of chronic sporadic hepatitis. 131 44

Anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) immunoglobulin M antibody titres were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 16 patients with non-A, non-B acute hepatitis (NANB AH), 13 with non-A, non-B fulminant hepatitis (NANB FH) and nine with type C chronic hepatitis. Anti-HCV IgM was positive in one of the 16 patients with NANB AH, six of the 13 with NANB FH, and five of the nine with type C chronic hepatitis. Anti-HCV IgG was positive in eight of the 16 patients with NANB AH and eight of the 13 with NANB FH. Either anti-HCV IgM or anti-HCV IgG were positive in 10 of the 13 patients with NANB FH. All of the five anti-HCV IgM positive patients with type C chronic hepatitis were undergoing an exacerbation of the diseases, while all of the anti-HCV IgM negative patients were in a remission stage which had lasted for more than 6 months. The findings of this study suggest that anti-HCV IgM is useful for the early diagnosis of type C FH and may be a useful marker of diseases activity in type C chronic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Anti-HCV immunoglobulin M antibody in patients with hepatitis C. 131 22

The development of a serologic assay to detect antibodies directed at an antigen (C-100-3) of the hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) has been a major breakthrough in the long search for causative agents of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. The frequency of HCV in those who have end-stage liver disease is not known. Moreover, the rate of recurrence after liver transplantation (OLTx) and the rate of acquisition of new HCV infection as a result of the OLTx experience is as yet unknown. This study was performed in an attempt to answer these questions. The prevalence of HCV in 372 patients undergoing OLTx at the University of Pittsburgh was determined. Those transplanted for HBV-related liver disease with hepatoma had the highest rate of HCV antibody positivity (45.4%) followed by those with metabolic liver disease (42.5%), putative NANB liver disease (41.4%), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (20.9%); those with cholestatic liver disease exhibited the lowest rate (16.2%). HCV antibody was positive in only 26.3% of patients with hepatoma. Of those patients who were negative prior to transplantation, 12.2% acquired HCV antibody post-OLTx. In the putative NANB group, no difference was detected in the AST and ALT prior to transplantation in either the HCV antibody-positive or -negative patients. In patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, those who were positive for HCV antibody had higher transaminase levels prior to transplantation than did those patients who were HCV antibody negative.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in a liver transplantation population. 131 88

We reviewed the records of all patients with a diagnosis of malignancy who were treated at our center and who had not had chemotherapy for at least 18 months, to assess the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatitis, to assess the prevalence of a marker of hepatitis C virus infection, and to determine the severity of chronic liver disease. Of 557 eligible patients, 38 (6.8%) had chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Of these 38 patients, 20 (52.6%) had a marker of hepatitis C virus infection. The prevalence of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis was higher in patients previously treated for leukemia than in patients treated for another malignancy (11.8% vs 4.6%; p = 0.004). The liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis or both in 8 (28%) of 28 patients with clinical chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Four patients without hepatitis C virus infection who underwent liver biopsy had hepatitis B virus antigen in the liver, confirmed by immunohistochemistry studies. One patient uninfected with hepatitis C virus had hemochromatosis. We conclude that infection with hepatitis C virus was the major cause of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis in pediatric patients previously treated for malignancy; the cause remained unidentified in 30% of the patients.
 ...
PMID:Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hepatitis after treatment of malignancy. 132 Jun 73

Between January 1987 and April 1988 following 462 open heart surgery operations, 83 patients with icteric hepatitis were seen. Among them 59 patients were anti-HCV positive with the Ortho anti-HCV test, these findings suggested a hepatitis C virus infection. The source of viral infection was searched, and a prothrombin complex concentrate which had been used during that period, seemed to be the potential cause of bloodborne hepatitis C. The results suggest that special care is required when using such blood products.
 ...
PMID:[The role of HCV in the pathogenesis of post-transfusion hepatitis]. 132 95

Hepatitis C virus was shown to be a member of the flavivirus family. Tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, members of the same family occur in Hungary, too. Serum samples from patients suffering from transfusion associated hepatitis were tested with yellow fever virus antigens for specific IgG, and IgM using immunofluorescence test. Eight hundred serum samples were tested. Yellow fever virus related IgG antibodies were found in 232 sera. In the case of 72 patients specific IgM antibodies could also be detected. The majority of the IgM positive patients underwent surgical operation and/or blood transfusion 1 to 2 months before the onset of the disease. Fifty-four sera positive for yellow fever virus-related antibodies were tested with HCV reagents, but only 13 were found to be positive, or cross-reacting. The 20 patients with yellow fever related antibodies were controlled with tick-borne encephalitis antigens, too. Nevertheless, no measurable cross-reaction could be detected. No measurable cross-reaction could be detected with the West Nile virus. The hepatitis B markers also were tested in 44 sera positive for yellow fever antibodies. There was only one, which contained HBsAg, and 10 of them proved to be positive for anti-HBcAg. The results indicate, that a non-A, non-B, non-C flavivirus is also present in the Hungarian population, which can be detected on the basis of the antigenic cross-reactivity with the attenuated yellow fever virus. This virus seems to be responsible for every 11th transfusion associated hepatitis examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Transfusion-associated non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis caused by flaviviruses]. 132 97

The development of serological assays for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has made specific diagnosis possible. However, markers useful in indicating acute-phase HCV infection have not been identified. By an immunoblotting method, we characterized the IgM and IgG antibody response against HCV capsid antigen in patients with HCV infection. Among 88% of patients with acute posttransfusion hepatitis C recruited in a prospective study, there was a transient IgM antibody response. The IgM antibody appeared shortly after onset of hepatitis (average 3.7 weeks), persisted for several months (average 18 weeks), and then disappeared. In contrast, the IgG antibody persisted long-term once it appeared. Among patients with chronic hepatitis C with milder disease activities (serum aminotransferase increase above normal levels of less than 4-fold), the IgM antibody was negative in the majority (72%). In those with acute exacerbations (aminotransferase increase of greater than 10-fold), about 55% were negative for the IgM antibody. The reactivity of the IgM antibody in the rest was weaker or became negative upon further dilution of serum. The results suggest that IgM anti-capsid antibody may serve as a marker indicating acute or active HCV infection.
 ...
PMID:Transient immunoglobulin M antibody response to hepatitis C virus capsid antigen in posttransfusion hepatitis C: putative serological marker for acute viral infection. 132 29


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>