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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve infants, born to mothers with hepatitis B virus infection, were inoculated within 7 days of birth with immune serum globulin containing antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titers of 1:32 to 1:64 as measured by passive hemagglutination. Six of nine infants (66.7%) born to HBsAg-positive carrier mothers became HBsAg-positive within 3 mo of age. In addition, two of three treated infants born to mothers with acute hepatitis B during the delivery period also developed HBsAg. The hepatitis e antigen was detected in four of five carrier mothers and in two mothers with acute hepatitis, whose infants subsequently became HBsAg positive. In addition, hepatitis B-specific DNA polymerase activity was detected in the seven HBsAg-positive mothers who transmitted the virus to their infants. All eight infants have remained persistently HBsAg positive. Thus, the immune serum globulin containing low-titer antibody to HBsAg is not protective when given to infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers or to mothers with acute hepatitis B during the delivery period.
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PMID:Failure of immune serum globulin to prevent hepatitis B virus infection in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers. 8 62

One hundred and seventy hepatitis B Surface antigen positive sera derived from blood donors, patients with liver diseases and leprosy were antigenically subtyped by Rheophoresis and 107 of them by agar-gel diffusion. For the first time in India HBsAg/adr as a predominant subtype (64.0%) is documented. Of the two methods adopted, Rheophoresis showed a greater sensitivity of typing, namely 82.3% in contrast to 39.2% only by agar-gel diffusion (p less than 0.001). Analysis of the Hepatitis Be antigen and antibody (anti HBe) positive sera for subtype predeliction revealed the same pattern as in HBe system negative sera.
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PMID:Antigenic subtypes of HBsAg: their distribution and pattern of occurence among blood donors and patients with liver diseases and leprosy in Tamilnadu, India. 8 1

A microtitre solid-phase blocking radioimmunoassay (RIA) for antibody to the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated delta antigen was specific and detected anti-delta antibody at dilutions of serum of up to 10(6). Analysis of sera from HBsAg-negative subjects and different categories of HBsAg carriers from different regions confirmed the association of anti-delta antibody with HBV infection. Anti-delta antibody was detected in persistently high titres in 19.1% and 2.6% of sera from patients with chronic hepatitis and symptomatic chronic carriers, respectively, and was not detected in the sera of HBsAg-negative controls. Anti-delta antibody appeared transiently and in low titres (less than 1:500) in 4.8% of sera from patients with acute type B hepatitis. The presence and persistence of anti-delta antibody seem to be associated with chronic HBV infection and the development of progressive liver damage.
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PMID:Incidence and significance of antibodies to delta antigen in hepatitis B virus infection. 9 76

Two antigenic systems of the woodchuck hepatitis virus have been identified. The relationship between viral antigens of the woodchuck hepatitis virus and the human hepatitis B virus was determined by using immunoprecipitation, hemagglutination, and immune electron microscopy techniques. Antigens found on the cores of the two viruses were cross-reactive. Lack of cross-reactivity between the surface antigens of the two viruses in immunodiffusion experiments suggested that the major antigenic determinants of the viral surfaces are different; however, results of passive hemagglutination tests indicated that there are common minor determinants. Nucleic acid homology, as measured by liquid hybridization, was found to be 3 to 5% of the viral genomes. The results of this study provide further evidence that woodchuck hepatitis virus is the second member of a new class of viruses represented by human hepatitis B virus. Since virus-infected woodchucks may acquire chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, these antigens and their respective antibodies will be useful markers for following the course of virus infection in investigations of the oncogenic potential of this class of viruses. The nucleocapsid antigen described may be a class-specific antigen of these viruses and, thus, may be useful in discovering new members of the group.
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PMID:Serological relationship of woodchuck hepatitis virus to human hepatitis B virus. 9 59

The frequency of Hepatitis Bs antigen and antibody was determined in healthy subjects and patients with acute and chronic liver disease. The frequency of HBs Ag in healthy subjects was 2.9% and HBs Ab 35%. The high prevalence of antibody in normal individuals suggests a constant non-parenteral sub-clinical exposure to hepatitis virus. Thirty-three per cent patients with acute viral hepatitis, 20% with cirrhosis and 10% with hepatocellular carcinoma were HBs Ag positive, while HBs Ab was detected in 22% cases of acute viral hepatitis and 37% with other liver disorders. This pattern of prevalence of HBs Ab suggests that hepatitis B virus may be an important etiological agent in acute and chronic liver disease in Pakistan.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in healthy subjects and patients with liver disease. 9 84

The concept of chronic hepatitis is very complex. There is no generally recognized definition and no agreement on the nomenclature. In more recent times a subdivision into chronic persisting (CPH) and chronic active (aggressive or progressive) hepatitis (cah) has been proposed. Morphologically CPH has a mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of the portal fields with preservation of the lobules. In positive hepatitis B CPH, orcein-positive milkglass-shaped hepatocytes and washed-out nuclei have recently been established by immunofluorescence. Periportal inflammation (piecemeal necrosis) is characteristic of CAH. Severe forms show hepatocytolysis and confluent necroses in addition. Since there is not always a sharp division between CPH and CAH, an unequivocal diagnosis of clinical, biochemical, serologic and immunological data is required.
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PMID:[The morphogenesis of chronic hepatitis]. 10 39

A receptor for polymerized human serum albumin was demonstrated on Dane particles as well as on 20-nm hepatitis B surface antigen particles, isolated from asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus who were positive for HBeAg. In contrast, such receptor was not born by 20-nm hepatitis B surface antigen particles obtained from carriers positive for antibody to HBeAg. Hepatitis B surface antigen particles with the receptor were heavier than those without, and when treated with pronase, they became lighter and lost the receptor. The receptor is responsible for the agglutination of erythrocytes coated with polymerized human serum albumin by the serum of patients with Type B hepatitis and asymptomatic carriers, which have been attributed to autoantibodies directed to denatured albumin molecules. When albumin fractions of chimpanzees were polymerized with glutaraldehyde, they also bound with the receptor on hepatitis B surface antigen. Polymerized albumin fractions of all the other experimental animals without susceptibility to hepatitis B virus, however, failed to bind with the receptor. These results seem to suggest a possible role of the receptor on Dane particles (presently accepted hepatitis B virions) for polymerized albumin molecules in infecting hepatocytes both in humans and chimpanzees.
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PMID:A receptor for polymerized human and chimpanzee albumins on hepatitis B virus particles co-occurring with HBeAg. 10 74

Serum and plasma samples concentrated 8 to 10 times with polyethylene glycol (PEG) having a molecular weight of 6,000 were examined by micro-Ouchterlony (MO) analysis with a view to increasing the detection sensitivity for HBe antigen (HBeAg), one of the hepatitis B virus associated antigens, and HBe antibody (HBeAb). The subjects of this investigation consisted of 82 symptom-free HBsAg carriers and 59 patients with B hepatitis. HBeAg was detected in 22 (26.8%) and HBeAb in 43 (52.4%) of 82 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, and 17 (20.7%) were negative for both HBeAg and HBeAb. The corresponding values for the liver disease patients were 7 (11.9%), 16 (22.1%) and 36 (61.0%). Histologically, the rate of detection for HBeAg was higher in the cases of a mild disturbance.
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PMID:Detection of HBe antigen in sera from HBs antigen asymptomatic carrier and hepatitis patients using polyethylene glycol (PEG). 10 43

The frequency of non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 325) was determined among all cases (n = 1368) of acute viral hepatitis observed in the Hannover are abetwen 1975 and 1978. Hepatitis A was excluded by demonstration of anti-HAV-IgM, hepatitis B by demonstration of HBs antigen or an isolated occurrence of anti-HBc at the beginning of the disease. Non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred predominantly in adults and showed no seasonal variability. As a consequence of results of followup investigations in 174 hepatitis patients 2 years after the onset of the disease it can be assumed that non-A, non-B hepatitis tends to lead to chronic courses more frequently than hepatitis B.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and prognosis of non-A, non-B hepatitis (author's transl)]. 11 67

Sera of 480 hospitalized hepatitis patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and anti-HAV of IgM-class. Serological markers indicating hepatitis A infection were found in 107 (22.3%) and markers indicating hepatitis B in 297 patients (61.9%), while 63 patients (13.1%) were classified as hepatitis type "non-A, non-B". The latter group mainly comprised drug addicts (50.8%), cases of post-transfusion hepatitis (11.1%) and patients without obvious hepatitis exposure (28.6%). In spite of these epidemiological similarities to hepatitis B, the maximum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin were comparable to those in patients with hepatitis A and significantly lower than in hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis developed in 7.1% of the "non-A, non-B" patients, a figure close to that reported for hepatitis B.
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PMID:Clinical, epidemiological and prognostic aspects of hepatitis "non-A, non-B"--a comparison with hepatitis A and B. 11 11


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