Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An association between viral hepatitis and two rheumatic disease syndromes has been observed. Twenty-nine patients manifested a transient polyarthritis, sometimes associated with a rash (Group I). Ten patients were seen with a multisystem disease (Group II). Histologic evidence of arteritis or glomerulonephritis was present in seven of ten patients with multisystem disease. Liver tissue from 18 patients showed morphologic evidence of hepatitis with viral features in 9 of 10 patients in Group I and in 6 of 8 patients in Group II. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or antibody to HBsAg were detected in sera of all 39 patients. Abnormal liver functions were present in 36. Twelve Group I patients and 2 Group II patients became jaundiced. Rheumatoid factor was present in sera of seven patients in each group. The third component of complement (C3) was depressed in 13 patients in Group I and 7 patients in Group II. The fourth component of complement (C4) was decreased in 8 of 21 Group I and 3 of 7 Group II patients. Synovial fluid C3 was decreased in 2 of 11 Group I and 1 of 4 Group II patient's fluids. Articular inflammation in patients with transient polyarthritis responded in three to seven days to aspirin, acetominophen and/or bedrest alone and rashes disappeared spontaneously. Patients with multisystem disease generally had a prolonged illness and responded somewhat unpredictably to prednisone or a combination of prednisone and cyclophosphamide.
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PMID:Polyarthritis, polyarteritis and hepatitis B. 0 29

Culex tarsalis and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on chimpanzees carrying hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) of known infectivity and pools were tested by radioimmunoassay daily for the presence of HBS Ag. HBS Ag continued to be detected at low levels in mosquito tissue after digestion of the blood meal. Inoculation of susceptible chimpanzees with macerated pools of A. aegypti mosquitoes at two intervals after digestion of the blood meal did not produce hepatitis or serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Mechanical transmission studies by interrupting feeding of A aegypti from HBS Ag-carrier chimpanzees and transferring them to susceptible chimpanzees did not produce hepatitis. These findings do not support the hypothesis that mosquitoes are involved in either biological or mechanical transmission of hepatitis B.
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PMID:Experimental studies on the transmission of hepatitis B by mosquitoes. 0

Tissue samples from 180 unselected necropsy cases of various forms of hepatitis were examined by histopathology and immunofluorescence. The hepatitis forms studied included acute fulminant hepatitis (28 patients), subacute hepatitis (48 patients), acute fatal hepatitis (24 patients), chronic aggressive hepatitis (26 patients), liver cirrhosis (49 patients), and "minimal" hepatitis (5 patients). Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen were detected in 101 patients (56.1 per cent). In these, lesion-bound immune complexes of hepatitis B surface antigen were found in the liver and extrahepatic locations in 77 patients (76.2 per cent). The latter included activated germinal centers of lymph nodes and spleen, focal hyaline lesions of splenic and renal arterioles, necrotic and/or proliferative lesions of small and medium-sized arteries, and kidney glomeruli with mild proliferative and degenerative lesions. There was an inverse relation of the approximate amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen in the liver and the liver damage, the latter being directly proportional to the amount of HBS Ag immune complexes in the liver and indirectly proportional to their amount in extrahepatic locations and to the severity of lesions at these sites.
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PMID:Immunopathological aspects of hepatitis type B. 1 54

Histamine H2-receptor antagonists metiamide and cimetidine were used in the treatment of severe peptic ulceration in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The ulcerations were completely healed in all four patients after treatment lasting from six weeks to four-and-a-half-months. Two patients developed recurrent ulcer after the treatment had stopped, but responded to a second course. One patient developed hepatitis B during cimetidine treatment and it is possible that the course of the hepatitis was unfavourable affected by cimetidine. But no other side effects were noted nor was there a significant change in basal serum-gastrin concentration or an increase in H+ secretion. Total gastrectomy remains the treatment of choice in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, but cimetidine should be considered if the patient refuses operation or operation is not feasible because of a poor general state.
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PMID:[Treatment of peptic ulcer in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with histamine H2-receptor antagonists (author's transl)]. 2 85

In 7 unselected necropsy cases of clinically diagnosed periarteritis nodosa, the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes indicated an ongoing infection with hepititis B virus (HBV). In all these cases histologic changes found in the liver varied from "minimal" to chronic aggressive hepatitis. In all the cases, deposits of HBsAg, immunoglobulins, beta1C-globulin and C1q were detected in vascular lesions. That these deposits could represent HBsAg-anti-HBs immune complexes was supported by demonstrating their strong binding of guinea pig complement and by the successful elution of all HBsAg and part of the immunoglobulin from these deposits by treatment with buffers known to dissociate antigen-antibody bonds but not with phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.6 (PBS). Glomerulonephritis associated with these immune complexes was found in 6 cases. The presence of larger masses of HBsAg immune complexes, chiefly in recent insudative and fibrinoid vascular lesions, their lesser amounts in lesions undergoing involution, and their absence from healed lesions strongly suggest that these complexes play a primary role in the pathogenesis of acute vascular damage in periarteritis nodosa.
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PMID:Immune complexes of hepatitis B surface antigen in the pathogenesis of periarteritis nodosa. A study of seven necropsy cases. 2 42

A new antigen-antibody system was recently described in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAG(-positive sera. Despite indications of heterogeneity in specificity, the designations "e antigen" and "e antibodies" are used for the system as such in this articly. E'IGHT OF 17 long-term carriers of HBSAg with a histological picture of chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic aggressive hepatitis carried the e antigen, while none had demonstrable e antibodies in serum. Ten of 12 healthy carriers with e antibodies were blood donors who had donated 95 units of blood; none of these carriers was associeated with a reported case of posttransfusion hepatitis. In five individuals in the incubation stage of hepatitis B, e antigen appeared simultaneously with HBSAg but before the rise in transaminase levels. This finding further links e antigen to hepatitis B.
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PMID:A new antigen-antibody system. Clinical significance in long-term carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. 4 64

A study of the distribution of subtypes ad and ay among sera from hepatitis B antigen-positive subjects in North West England and North Wales revealed a marked contrast between symptomless carriers among whom ad predominated and patients with acute hepatitis the majority of whom were ay. Those with hepatitis associated with drug addiction or other forms of "needle transmission" were almost all of subtype ay. On the other hand in cases of "sporadic" hepatitis without evidence of parenteral exposure subtypes ad and ay are about equally distributed. These findings are similar to those reported from other countries in Northern Europe and North America. Although geographical and social factors clearly affect the distribution of the two subtypes it is suggested that the virus of subtype ay may be more readily transmitted than subtype ad by parenteral routes involving small amounts of blood.
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PMID:Subtypes of hepatitis B antigen among patients and symptomless carriers. 4 35

TIndian-ink grains coated with commercial gamma globulin (immune-Indian-ink) were agglutinated by 3 percent of sera from healthy volunteer blood donors; by 4 percent of those from hospital staff in contact with patients suffering from hepatitis; and by 10 percent of those from patients with viral diseases other than hepatitis, In contrast, the rate of positive reactions was 86 percent in the case of sera taken from patients in the acute phase of an illness diagnosed as hepatitis A on the basis of epidemiological and clinical data. Investigation of serum samples taken serially from patients positive in the acute phase of illness revealed that the immune-Indian-ink agglutinating factor does not persist for long in majority of cases. Two months after discharge from the hospital it was present in 18 percent of the patients only. The reaction proved negative when a limited number of cases diagnosed as hepatitis B were investigated. The immune-Indian-ink agglutinating factor was inhibited by all but one of 36 sera taken in the convalescent phase from patients with a diagnosis of hepatitis A. Some sera displaying agglutination with immune-Indian-ink gave a reaction with uncoated Indian-ink, too. Efforts to free the sera from non-specific agglutinating factor by starch-block electrophoresis have led to partial success. Fractionation on Sephadex G-200 columns suggested that in molecular weight (or particle size) the immune-Indian-ink agglutinating factor is smaller than HBsAg and larger than the non-specific agglutinating factor. On the basis of these results it is assumed that the immune-tindian-ink reaction is suitable for detecting an antigen tentatively called IH chi Ag and its antibody (IH chi Ab) specific to hepatitis A.
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PMID:Immune-indian ink method for detection of hepatitis A associated antigen and antibody. 4 3

The prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) subtypes in Thais, Cambodians, and Vietnamese were compared with the prevalences in Americans residing in Southeast Asia. HBs Ag was found with approximately equal frequency in Thai (43 percent) and American (39 percent) patients with hepatitis. However, higher prevalences of HBs Ag were found in asympotomatic Thais (9.5 percent), Cambodians (11.9 percent), and Vietnamese (14.3 percent) than in asymptomatic Americans (0.7 percent). Among asymptomatic Thais, the ratio of HBs Ag/adr to HBs Ag/adw was approximately 10:1, with one exception: adw was not detected in a rural population of northern Thailand. The y determinant was not found in Thais. In contrast, both d and y determinants were found in Americans. These observations conform to a geographic pattern, with ad as the predominant combination in the Far East. In Southeast Asia determinants w and r are more useful epidemiologic markers than y and d.
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PMID:Subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in Southeast Asia. 4 31

The sera from 89 patients from the Eastern Higlands of Papua New Guinea, all with histologically diagnosed liver disease, were tested for Hepatitis B Antigen (HB Ag) and Hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab) and alpha1 fetoprotein (AFP) by a variety of techniques which included radioimmunoassay. In the three main forms of liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatoma, HB Ag was found with a higher frequency than in patients with non specific liver disease. The frequency of HB Ab was decreased in cirrhosis and hepatoma. AFP was detected in all hepatoma patients by radioimmunoassay, levels being very high in most subjects. In hepatitis, cirrhosis and non specific liver disease, elevated levels of AFP were again frequently present, but at generally lower levels. It is conlcuded that HB Ag and AFP frequency and levels in liver disease are similar to those reported from other tropical countries. Further study is required to elicit the cellular immunological changes in liver disease.
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PMID:Hepatitis B antigen, alpha1 fetoprotein and liver disease in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea. 4 12


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