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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a hepatitis outbreak in Southern Germany 27 nm particles were visualized by immune electron microscopy in stools of two patients. These particles were sereologically identical or similar to hepatitis A-virus particles identified in the USA. The buoyant density of these particles was 1.34 g/cm3 as shown by cesium chloride density centrifugation. The particles were first observed in small numbers in a stool obtained 11 days, and in large numbers in stools obtained 6 and 7 days before the onset of jaundice. Few particles were seen on the day of the onset of jaundice and none thereafter. In both patients a sereoconversion to hepatitis A-virus as judged by immune electron microscopy could be demonstrated.
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PMID:Hepatitis A-virus particles in stools of patients from a natural hepatitis outbreak in Germany. 19 31

Hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (IF) in liver biopsies from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis A virus infection. Blocking experiments with paired sera from patients with hepatitis types A, B, or non-A, non-B, as well as with purified HA Ag, showed that the fluorescence was specific for HA Ag. HA Ag could be demonstrated only in biopsies from chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis A virus. In two of four chimpanzees biopsied weekly, HA Ag could be detected by IF before stool shedding of HA Ag, elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), or histopathological evidence of liver disease was seen. The HA Ag was detected for 4 to 5 weeks; the last IF-positive biopsy was obtained after SGPT activity had returned to normal. In the two other chimpanzees, HA Ag could be detected only in the biopsy taken at the time of SGPT elevation. In the early IF-positive biopsies, HA Ag was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of many cells, but it later accumulated in a focal distribution in the cytoplasm of a few of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. This cytoplasmic distribution agrees with previous electron microscopic data.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis A antigen by immunofluorescence. 20 May 65

In a 12-year-old female patients with HBAg phi hepatitis a differential diagnosis of the diseases has been considered. The CMV etiology of the hepatitis was suspected on the basis of a persistent temperature, hepatomegaly, a mild icterus, enlarged glands in the neck, predominantly mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood, a negative Paul-Bunnell test, and insufficiently characteristic biochemical analyses for virus A hepatitis. The CMV etiology of the disease was virologically confirmed. On the basis of the clinical picture without virological results, the diagnosis could not have been made with certainty.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus hepatitis (diagnosis and differential diagnosis). 20 Nov 33

Liver disease is a common complication in renal transplant recipients. Several types of liver disease can occur. The most common are acute and chronic hepatitis. The variety of acute hepatitis include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, herpes simplex hepatitis and azathioprine hepatitis. The incidence of azathioprine hepatitis may not be as high as initially suggested. Chronic hepatitis is a serious problem because the disease seems to be progressive despite prednisone therapy. The causes of this chronic hepatitis are not fully known, although hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus have been implicated. Discontinuation of azathioprine therapy has no appreciable effect on the course of chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:Liver disease in renal transplant recipients. 20 90

The prevalence of exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV) increases with increasing age; decreases with increasing socioeconomic class; increases with increasing serologic evidence of prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure but is much more common than HBV exposure; is independent of sex and race; varies in different parts of the world as a function of hygienic, developmental, and unrecognized geographic factors; and is not affected by immune deficiency or immaturity. Transmission of type A hepatitis is enhanced by poor personal hygiene such as that seen in institutions for the mentally retarded. On the other hand, there is no increased exposure to HAV among homosexuals, who have frequent and intimate contact with multiple sexual partners; among hemodialysis patients and staff; or among multiply transfused individuals, all of whom are at significantly increased risk of exposure to HBV. No epidemiologic evidence has confirmed the existence of viremic or intestinal carriers of HAV, and the virus is rarely, if ever, spread by parenteral mechanisms. Finally, HAV appears to play no role in chronic liver disease and a very minor role in fulminant hepatitis; however, HAV is responsible for a sizable proportion (approximately 20%--40%) of sporadic hepatitis among urban adults.
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PMID:Hepatitis A virus infection: new insights from seroepidemiologic studies. 20 11

Sera collected from a group of 1053 Victorians were tested for antibody to hepatitis A virus by solid phase radioimmunoassay. The group comprised approximately equal numbers of males and females of all ages, 488 of whom lived in Melbourne and 565 in six provincial cities. In both the metropolitan and provincial groups, the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis. A virus was independent of sex and increased steadily with age. Antibody was detected in approximately 20% of children by the age of 10 years, in 40% at 40 years and in excess of 95% above the age of 60 years.
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PMID:The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus in two populations in Victoria. 20 66

The rufiventer marmoset proved equally satisfactory to S. mystax for studies of human hepatitis A virus. C. jacchus, C. argentata, S. weddelli, and S. oedipomidas oedipus were not satisfactory. Livers of rufiventer marmosets produced satisfactory CR326 strain hepatitis A antigen for immune adherence tests both in amount and specificity. Rufiventer marmosets infected with human hepatitis A virus showed enzyme elevations and high titers of viral antigen in their livers as early as seven days after viral inoculation, indicating that a primary viral infection can cause hepatitis without need for a secondary autoimmune response to liver tissue.
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PMID:Tests in rufiventer and other marmosets of susceptibility to human hepatitis A virus. 20 58

The natural incidence of the etiologically distinct types of viral hepatitis was determined by investigating acute phase sera of symptomatic hepatitis cases occuring in the Hannover area in 1975 for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen, antibodies to hepatitis A, hepatitis B core and surface antigens, and by measuring the IgM serum levels. Fourteen different seroepidemiologic patterns were recognized. Although there was a high prevalence of hepatitis A antibody in the population, the frequency of hepatitis A was low (n = 56) suggesting that the hepatitis A virus does not play a major role in symptomatic hepatitis in the Hannover area at present. Spread of the hepatitis A virus was mostly associated with person-to-person contact or tourist travel in southern Europe. Hepatitis B was the predominant type of hepatitis (n = 211). Hepatitis non-A, non-B was observed infrequently (n = 62). A high percentage of patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis non-A, non-B reported parenteral exposure to potentially contaminated materials. No other findings, however, suggested an infectious etiology of hepatitis non-A, non-B.
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PMID:The seroepidemiological pattern of acute viral hepatitis. An epidemiological study on viral hepatitis in the Hannover region. 20 14

Virus particles banding at 1.34 g/ml in CsCl and sedimenting at 160S in sucrose gradients were isolated from fecal specimens of patients suffering from hepatitis. In the presence of 4 M urea and about 90% formamide, these particles released linear nucleic acid molecules of the kinked appearance characteristic of single-stranded RNA or single-stranded DNA. They could be distinguished from the nucleic acid of phage lambda added to the preparation as a marker for double-stranded configuration. Experiments in which the virus particles under investigation were incubated at pH 12.9 at 50 degrees C for 30 min revealed that their nucleic acid molecules were hydrolyzed as readily as the RNA genome of poliovirus type 2 analyzed in parallel. Both the single-stranded DNA of phage phiX174 and that of parvovirus LuIII, however, proved unaffected by this treatment, and the double-stranded DNA of phage lambda was denatured to single-stranded molecules. It was concluded, therefore, that the virus of human hepatitis A contains a linear genome of single-stranded RNA and has to be classified with the picornaviruses.
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PMID:Characterization and classification of virus particles associated with hepatitis A. II. Type and configuration of nucleic acid. 20 31

It is now possible to define two forms of acute viral hepatitis by means of specific serological tests and at least one other form by exclusion. These diseases are known as hepatitis A, hepatitis B and non A non B hepatitis respectively. Major features of the virology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, mode of spread and control of each disease are briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Acute viral hepatitis. 20 97


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