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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-A, non-B hepatitis was transmitted to four colony-born chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of human sera. Two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from a patient with a clinical and serological diagnosis of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis whose blood appeared to transmit this disease to a nurse following accidental needle-stick, and the other two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from either of two former blood-donors whose HBsAg-negative blood appeared to transmit clinically recognisable hepatitis, and who were found to have raised serum-aminotransferase levels 1 1/2 and 5 years later. Serum-aminotransferase levels rose in all four chimpanzees, beginning 2--4 weeks after inoculation: peak alanine-aminotransferase values were 210 to 328 I.U./l. Evidence of hepatitis was present in liver biopsy specimens from all four chimpanzees, beginning 8--10 weeks after inoculation. None showed serological evidence of infection with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus.
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PMID:Transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis from man to chimpanzee. 7 18

Infections with hepatitis A and B viruses are common in all parts of the world and constitute a major public health problem. The identification of specific antigenic markers of these viruses has led to the development of sensitive laboratory tests. These, in turn, have resulted in a better understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology, and the nature of these common infections. In the case of hepatitis type B, laboratory tests revealed a persistent carrier state of the surface antigen in some 120-175 million people and established the significance of hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of serious chronic liver disease, including a strong association with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in tropical and some subtropical regions. In addition, the specific diagnosis of hepatitis types A and B has revealed a previously unrecognized form of hepatitis which is clearly unrelated to either type. This new form of infection of the liver is now the most common type of hepatitis after the transfusion of blood and blood products in some areas of the world and it also appears to be an important cause of sporadic hepatitis, particularly among adults.
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PMID:The three type of human viral hepatitis. 7 70

Evidence for a new hepatitis-specific antigen has been obtained from double immunodiffusion assays between acute and convalescent sera obtained from patients with non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. The designation hepatitis C (HC) antigen is proposed. HC was found in the acute-phase sera of all 13 non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis patients with longer incubation and duration periods (type 2) tested, but only transiently in 4 out of 10 acutephase sera obtained from patients with type 1 non-A, non-B hepatitis, with shorter incubation and duration periods. The antigen was also detected in 2 out of 16 single specimens obtained during the acute phase from acute hepatitis patients who had not received a blood-transfusion. This suggests presence of a carrier state. No patients with alcoholic hepatitis and no healthy blood-donor carried HC antigen. The antigen seems distinct from those of hepatitis A and B (surface and core). It migrated in the serum beta-globulin region and had a buoyant density of 1.30 and a molecular weight between 100 000 and 300 000. Antibodies against HC antigen were found in only 30% of the type-2 non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis patients and did not persist for long. However, these antibodies were directed specifically against HC antigen and moved in a manner similar to 7S globulin on rate-zonal centrifugation.
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PMID:Hepatitis "C" antigen in non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. 8 9

6 cases of non-A non-B hepatitis which followed administration of four different batches of concentrates of coagulation factor IX from commercial and non-commercial sources are described. Of 17 patients who received the concentrate on account of chronic liver disease, 4 developed hepatitis, and in 3 of these the illness proved fatal. The incubation periods ranged from 42 to 103 days (mean 65 days). 3 chimpanzees were inoculated with concentrate from the same batch used on the above patients, a further commercial batch upon which no adverse reactions had been reported, and plasma from a known non-A non-B carrier. All developed hepatitis after 10 weeks' incubation. Liver biopsy when serum-aminotransferase was at its highest level showed features consistent with acute hepatitis. As in the patients, viral markers for hepatitis A and B, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were unchanged.
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PMID:Transmission of non-A non-B hepatitis to chimpanzees by factor-IX concentrates after fatal complications in patients with chronic liver disease. 8 7

Ten chimpanzees were infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis by inoculation of patient serum or serum from a chimpanzee previously inoculated with patient serum. Convalescent serum from one of them reacted, in indirect immunofluorescent tests, with some of the hepatocyte nuclei in sections of autologous liver biopsy specimens and specimens from eight of the other chimpanzees. Serum from a convalescent patient reacted in the same way. These positive sera did not react with liver sections from uninfected chimpanzees. No reaction with positive liver sections was given by serum from chimpanzees which were uninfected or had antibodies to hepatitis A or B antigens. These control results suggest that the antigen-antibody system detected has specificity for non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Antigen-antibody system associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis detected by indirect immunofluorescence. 8 32

The frequency of non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 325) was determined among all cases (n = 1368) of acute viral hepatitis observed in the Hannover are abetwen 1975 and 1978. Hepatitis A was excluded by demonstration of anti-HAV-IgM, hepatitis B by demonstration of HBs antigen or an isolated occurrence of anti-HBc at the beginning of the disease. Non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred predominantly in adults and showed no seasonal variability. As a consequence of results of followup investigations in 174 hepatitis patients 2 years after the onset of the disease it can be assumed that non-A, non-B hepatitis tends to lead to chronic courses more frequently than hepatitis B.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and prognosis of non-A, non-B hepatitis (author's transl)]. 11 67

Sera of 480 hospitalized hepatitis patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and anti-HAV of IgM-class. Serological markers indicating hepatitis A infection were found in 107 (22.3%) and markers indicating hepatitis B in 297 patients (61.9%), while 63 patients (13.1%) were classified as hepatitis type "non-A, non-B". The latter group mainly comprised drug addicts (50.8%), cases of post-transfusion hepatitis (11.1%) and patients without obvious hepatitis exposure (28.6%). In spite of these epidemiological similarities to hepatitis B, the maximum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin were comparable to those in patients with hepatitis A and significantly lower than in hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis developed in 7.1% of the "non-A, non-B" patients, a figure close to that reported for hepatitis B.
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PMID:Clinical, epidemiological and prognostic aspects of hepatitis "non-A, non-B"--a comparison with hepatitis A and B. 11 11

An antigen was detected by counterelectrophoresis in serum samples from six of seven chimpanzees during the acute phase of experimentally induced non-A, non-B hepatitis using antiserum from a chimpanzee convalescent from human non-A, non-B hepatitis. This antigen could not be detected in 35 preinoculation serum samples from these chimpanzees, or in 94 weekly bleedings from three chimpanzees with hepatitis A and three chimpanzees with hepatitis B. The antigen was detected in serum samples obtained from three humans with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis whose blood had transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis to other humans (including a nurse by accidental needlestick) and to chimpanzees by experimental inoculation. In addition, the antigen was detected in serum obtained retrospectively from 11 to 31 former blood donors whose blood had transmitted posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis several years previously to recipients of a single unit of their blood. Antibody to this antigen was detected in convalescent serum samples from all seven chimpanzees studied, in convalescent serum from the nurse infected by accidental needlestick, and in serum from a hemodialysis patient convalescent from non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Detection of an antigen-antibody system in serum associated with human non-A, non-B hepatitis. 11 28

A consecutive series of 115 patients hospitalized with acute viral hepatitis in Copenhagen was studied for serological markers for hepatitis A and B virus. Thirty-nine patients had type B, 66 had type A, 3 had both type A and B, and 7 had type non-A non-B. Of the patients 81% were between 15 and 40 years of age, and there was a dominance of males due to an overrepresentation of homosexual males (30%) in both the A and B group. The main type of exposure to hepatitis type A was travel to foreign countries (53%), and for type B it was drug addiction (41%). In types A and B the duration of jaundice was positively correlated to the age of the patients but did not vary with sex or type of exposure. There was no difference in maximum alanine aminotransferase levels between the groups, but maximum bilirubin levels were lower for the type A group. Patients with hepatitis type A had a higher level of IgM than those with type B and with type non-A and non-B. We conclude that both clinically acute hepatitis type A and type B occur mainly in young adults and that foreign travel, drug addiction, and homosexuality increase the risk of getting acute hepatitis.
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PMID:Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute hepatitis types A, B, and non-A non-B. 12 1

A new precipitating antigen-antibody system possibly was demonstrated by immuno-diffusion in the serum of patients suffering from non A-non B hepatitis. The antigen appears during the first four weeks of transaminases elevation. In acute cases was transient antigenemia (average 3 weeks). Antibodies appeared rapidly after the disappearance of antigen. The same antigen was also detected, by immunodiffusion and by immunofluorescence, in the liver nuclei of infected hepatocytes. This antigen specific appears for non A-non B hepatitis since it is neither found in the serum of normal subjects nor in that of patients with cirrhosis toxic or viral that hepatitis A or B. The hypothesis of a virus associated antigen is the most likely explanation.
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PMID:[Demonstration of a serum and liver antigen in acute or chronic non A-non B viral hepatitis]. 12 Sep 41


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