Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Atlantic seaboard (Florida to Massachusetts) were examined at the Marine Pathology Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, from March through December, 1980. Three genera of blood flukes (spirorchids) were found in 14 (33%) of the 43 turtles. Gross signs in heavily infected animals included cachexia, anemia and enteritis. Histopathological lesions were similar to those present in homeotherms with schistosomiasis. Granulomatous gastritis, enteritis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, and nephritis were present. Acute and chronic vasculitis accompanied metastasis of eggs. Infected animals had severe hepatic hemosiderosis, indicative of the anemia observed grossly. Evidence is presented that spirorchidiasis is prevelent in sub-adult loggerhead sea turtles, is responsible for extensive lesions and may be responsible for significant debilitation and mortality.
 ...
PMID:Spirorchidiasis in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta): pathology. 709 82

A case report is presented of a young woman in whom symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) developed during copper chelation therapy for Wilson's disease. The 22 year old white woman was seen in the summer of 1978 because of development of blisters on the dorsa of the hands associated with focal atrophic hypopigmentation, generalized hyperpigmentation of the skin, and hpertrichosis of the lateral forehead and face. A sibling had died in childhood with Wilson's disease. When the patient developed hepatomegaly, ascites, and an acute hepatitis syndrome at the age of 11, penicillamine therapy was empirically started, with gradual symptomatic improvement. When evaluated at the age of 22, abnormal laboratory values included a total bilirubin of 1.2 mg%; alkaline phosphatase, 96 U; serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), 175 U; serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), 122 U; gamma glutamyl trans peptidase (GGTP), 64 U; and Bromsulphalein (BSP) retention, 21% at 45 minutes. Skin biopsy from the hand revealed a noninflammatory subepidermal bulla with prominently PAS positive vessel walls in the festooned dermal papillae at the base of the blister. A fragmented liver biopsy failed to reveal evidence of active hepatitis or cirrhosis, but considerable stainable iron was present in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. A rubeanic acid stain for copper was negative. The patient was diagnosed as having Wilson's disease, hepatic hemosiderosis, and PCT. Cessation of all ethanol consumption and discontinuation of the oral contraceptives which she had been taking for 6 years, was recommended. On examination 9 and 22 months after these modifications were instituted, the patient felt asymptomatic and was without evidence of any new blisters or scars of her skin. The hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis persisted, but she rigidly adhered to a program of penicillamine, topical sunscreen application, and abnegation of alcohol. Liver function studies were normal, and urinary porphyrin levels returned toward normal values. The clinical onset of this patient's blistering disease was temporally associated with ethanol and exogenous estrogen medication.
 ...
PMID:Porphyria cutanea tarda complicating Wilson's disease. 720 91

33 patients with chronic renal failure were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 8 non-dialysed patients without any clinical or biochemical sign of liver disturbance nor any iron supplementation. Group II consisted of 25 maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients treated from 2 to 13 years. 19 subjects had chronic B hepatitis. Total exogenous iron load parenteral iron and/or blood transfusions) was calculated. Body iron overload (hemosiderosis) was assessed by liver iron concentration (LIC) in needle biopsy specimens according to Barry's method (less than 200 microgram/100 mg dry weight) and serum ferritin levels (less than 360 ng/ml). 4 patients whose serum ferritin was increased with or without hepatic fibrosis and with or without any organ dysfunction due to hemochromatosis received i.v. infusions of desferrioxamine in doses of 2 g at each dialysis. Serum ferritin levels were correlated with LIC (p less than 0.001) and iron load (p less than 0.001). Hemosiderosis was noted in 16 MHD patients (group II) and correlated with iron load. Hemochromatosis was noted in 4 patients (group II). 4 hemodialysed patients with iron overload were treated by desferrioxamine from 6 to 18 months. During this therapy, body iron stores fell and organ dysfunction (heart failure, hepatic cytolysis, anaemia, diabetes mellitus improved. Long-term chelation therapy by desferrioxamine was effective and the chelated iron was readily removed by dialysis. These data show the importance of precise evaluation of iron stores in MHD patients.
 ...
PMID:[Iron-overload in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: diagnostic criteria, indications and treatment by desferrioxamine (author's transl)]. 732 1

The present study correlated histopathology and diagnostic tests in hemodialysis patients with serologic markers for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C virus infection was found in 65 of 163 patients, as assessed by anti-c100-3 (ELISA 1), anti-c22-3, c33C (ELISA 2), and RIBA 2. Several histopathologic patterns were found in 33 liver samples from HCV-positive individuals: cirrhosis (n = 3), chronic active hepatitis (n = 14), chronic persistent hepatitis (n = 2), isolated hemosiderosis (n = 5), reactive hepatitis (n = 6), and others (n = 3). There was a positive correlation between time from the first aminotransferase peak and histologic damage (P = 0.015). However, the severity of liver disease did not correlate with the intensity of RIBA 2 positivity, mean levels or pattern of aminotransferases elevation, or markers of past hepatitis B virus infection. Moreover, aminotransferases were persistently normal in three patients with severe liver disease and were elevated in 10 patients with only mild changes. In 19 biopsied patients, the presence of plasma HCV RNA was examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was positive in 15 of the 19 biopsy specimens. The ability of PCR positivity to predict the histologic severity of the disease was insufficient: four patients with minor liver damage had positive PCR and two patients with significant liver damage had negative PCR. No further correlations of PCR positivity were found with the other biochemical or immunologic markers of HCV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Liver disease patterns in hemodialysis patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. 750 4

We have recently noted a hitherto undescribed hepatic hemosiderosis confined to endothelial cells of the portal tract in chronic viral hepatitis. In this study, this lesion was surveyed in 156 liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis C and in 21 liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis B. As controls, we examined 110 liver biopsy specimens from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 36 from patients with alcoholic liver injury, nine from patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and five from patients with primary hemochromatosis. Hemosiderin deposition was found in the endothelial cells of venous vessels in portal tracts regardless of the presence or degree of hemosiderin deposition in hepatic parenchyma. This phenomenon was observed in 65 of 156 cases (42%) of chronic hepatitis C and in eight of 21 (38%) cases of chronic hepatitis B. In controls, this lesion was frequent in AIH (78%), but infrequent in PBC (8.1%) and alcoholic liver injury (11%). The incidence of this lesion showed significant differences between chronic hepatitis C, B, and AIH, and between PBC and alcoholic liver injury. There was a positive correlation between the progression of disease and the incidence of this feature in chronic viral hepatitis; the incidence was 18.3% and 11.1% in milder chronic hepatitis C and B, respectively, and 61.2% and 58.3%, respectively, in more severe cases. However, this correlation was not evident in either PBC or alcoholic liver injury. This hemosiderin deposition was positively correlated with the degree of piecemeal necrosis in chronic hepatitis C, and to a lesser degree, the positive correlation was shown in chronic hepatitis B. These findings suggest that the progression of chronic hepatitis and the piecemeal necrosis in chronic hepatitis C and B, followed by the release of hepatocellular iron to portal and periportal areas, are directly or indirectly responsible for endothelial hemosiderosis. Further studies focusing on this peculiar phenomenon in relation to choice of therapy and evaluation of chronicity of viral hepatitis are encouraged.
 ...
PMID:Hemosiderin deposition in portal endothelial cells: a novel hepatic hemosiderosis frequent in chronic viral hepatitis B and C. 755 40

Review of liver biopsy or autopsy material from 33 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or combined immunodeficiency and four patients with DiGeorge syndrome revealed a wide range of hepatic pathology. The most common abnormality was graft-versus-host disease (16 patients), followed by viral infection (4 patients had adenovirus hepatitis, 3 had cytomegalovirus hepatitis). Centrilobular fibrosis with or without veno-occlusive disease was seen in five patients. Three patients had nonspecific hepatitis, four had changes attributed to total parenteral nutrition, and two had lymphoproliferative disorders involving the liver. Both patients with lymphoproliferative disorders had received transplants. Two patients had resolving necrosis probably secondary to non-A, non-B hepatitis. One had atypical mycobacterial infection. Hemosiderosis was a common nonspecific abnormality, seen in nine patients. All patients with hepatic graft-versus-host disease had received transplants or nonirradiated blood products. Hepatic graft-versus-host disease varied in severity from hepatic necrosis with destruction of both large and small bile ducts in a transfusion-associated case to subtle damage to interlobular bile ducts. Even minimal bile duct changes correlated with the clinical impression of graft-versus-host disease in these patients. Late chronic graft-versus-host disease was not seen in any patient, although acute graft-versus-host disease sometimes occurred late after transplant.
 ...
PMID:Pathology of the liver in severe combined immunodeficiency and DiGeorge syndrome. 837 33

Abnormal liver function persisting late after allogeneic BMT is usually attributed to chronic GvHD, viral hepatitis or drug toxicity. We describe a patient who had negative hepatitis serology, was on no hepatotoxic medication, had no evidence of GvHD but had abnormal liver function 15 months post MBT. She was diagnosed as having grade IV hemosiderosis of the liver. Her total red cell support had only been 52 units. We therefore postulate that in a proportion of patients receiving allogeneic BMT impaired intestinal iron absorption may be an important cause of hemosiderosis.
 ...
PMID:Severe hemosiderosis post allogenic bone marrow transplantation. 861 34

Eighty-three patients with chronic end-stage renal failure, including 65 on haemodialysis and 18 on intermittent peritoneal dialysis, were evaluated for hepatitis B virus profile and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). All those positive for HBsAg were excluded from the study. Nineteen patients were found to be positive for antibodies to HCV by the ELISA II test. Eight cases were already positive for HCV antibody when they started dialysis in our unit, the other 11 became positive during dialysis in our unit. Only one of the patients on peritoneal dialysis was positive for HCV. A liver biopsy was obtained from 17 patients, who consented to the procedure. All the cases were evaluated for the number of blood transfusions received, HIV infection and the approximate time of contracting the HCV infection. Liver enzymes were determined every month. Only three patients had abnormally raised serum aminotransferase at the time of biopsy. The various histopathological lesions detected were chronic active hepatitis (n = 3, including one with changes consistent with cirrhosis), chronic persistent hepatitis (n = 4), non-specific hepatitis (n = 3) and haemosiderosis (n = 3); four biopsy samples were normal. There was no correlation between the biochemical and histopathological changes. Moreover, patients with normal serum aminotransferase levels had abnormal histopathological changes. All were negative for HIV and none of the patients had received a renal graft. Twelve patients had received blood transfusions varying from 2 to 12 units, four had not received any blood, and in one the history of blood transfusion could not be confirmed. The four patients with anti-HCV antibodies who had not received blood transfusion had relatively mild disease--non-specific hepatitis (n = 2) or normal biopsy (n = 2). One patient with cirrhosis died 30 months after liver biopsy from hepatic insufficiency and three received renal transplants. Others are continuing on dialysis and their biochemical tests are within normal limits 12-45 (30 +/- 14) months after biopsy. In conclusion, biochemical tests are poor indicators of liver disease, and liver biopsy is a definitive way of evaluating the patients of dialysis with positive HCV antibodies for prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Liver disease in dialysis patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. 894 88

In a retrospective study of a 12-year period (1981-1992) liver histology was analyzed in 227 autopsied patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Normal histology could only be documented in 29 patients (13%). In the majority of cases (56%) uncharacteristic changes were seen such as steatosis (34%), hemosiderosis (10%) or non-specific reactive hepatitis (7%). The finding of hepatic peliosis obtained in 4 patients was not associated with inflammatory liver changes, especially infections from Rochalimaea. Within a wide range of opportunistic infections recorded in 50 patients (22%), hepatitis caused by Cytomegalovirus (8%), Toxoplasma gondii (5%), Leishmania donovani (1%), Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis carinii (each 0.5%) was diagnosed. Among 16 cases (7%) of mycobacterial liver infections typical mycobacteria were found in two patients and atypical mycobacteria in 14 patients, respectively. In 23 patients (10%) chronic viral hepatitis, caused by HBV (7%) or HCV infections (3%), respectively, was observed. Hepatitis was typed as mild only in each 5 patients with HBV or HCV infection, whereas the remaining cases showed a transition towards cirrhosis. Two patients with HBV-associated cirrhosis developed hepatocellular carcinoma. The remaining 32 malignant liver tumors represented secondary neoplasms, including 13 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
 ...
PMID:[Liver changes in AIDS. Retrospective analysis of 227 autopsies of HIV-positive patients]. 964 44

Hepatocytes are rich in mitochondria, which play an important role in hepatic metabolism. In certain pathologic conditions (most often alcoholic liver disease) mitochondria became enlarged; nevertheless, even in these conditions they are hardly detectable on light microscopy. Recently an antimitochondrial antibody (mAM), which recognizes a 60-kDa protein, has been characterized. The purpose of the present study was to study immunoreactivity of this antibody in a series of liver biopsies. We studied 146 liver biopsies using an mAM. In 8 cases an ultrastructural study was also done, and in 2 cases Western blot analysis was performed. Cases were divided as follows: alcoholic liver disease (ALD, 31); steatosis (8); nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, 1); hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatitis (83); hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis (6); primary biliary cirrhosis (1); sclerosing cholangitis (1); haemosiderosis (1); sarcoidosis (1); alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (1); nonspecific findings (12). All the patients were investigated for alcohol or drug abuse, pharmacological treatment, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes. Immunoreactivity was diffuse in cases of ALD, NASH and steatosis, and in patients with drug abuse. Electron microscopic immunogold and Western blot analysis confirmed that in the conditions examined the protein recognized by the mAM showed greater expression. Immunohistochemical staining was helpful in demonstrating a toxic or a metabolic insult even in cases in which the histological picture was blurred by viral infection.
 ...
PMID:Identification of mitochondria in liver biopsies. A study by immunohistochemistry, immunogold and Western blot analysis. 976 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>