Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven specimens of breast lesions obtained from 10 male patients were analyzed for estrogen receptor protein (ERP). Three patients (ages 49, 77, 82 years) had infiltrating duct carcinomas with no axillary metastases. ERP in each of these was positive. Eight specimens with gynecomastia, one of which was obtained from the 77-year-old patient with carcinoma in the same breast, were also analyzed. Of these ERP was positive in a 59-year-old man who had cirrhosis of the liver; two patients with borderline ERP had hepatitis and testicular seminoma, respectively. No relationship between histopathologic features of the lesions and ERP results was found and it is too early to relate these ERP studies to prognosis in these patients. Review of available literature, including our cases, reveals that six of eight male breast carcinomas were ERP-positive.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor protein in lesions of the male breast: a preliminary report. 17 79

Little is known about the efficacy of flutamide monotherapy in previously untreated patients with prostatic carcinoma. In this study, 40 patients with advanced disease were treated with 250 mg flutamide, three times daily. The mean follow-up was 7 months. After 3 months, 35 patients were evaluable for efficacy; 17 showed a partial response and 18 showed no change. Tumor response after 6 months was evaluated in 22 patients; 10 had a partial response, nine had stable disease, and three had progression. The level of prostate-specific antigen was reduced markedly following 6 months' treatment with flutamide. Levels of testosterone increased slightly but significantly, and were still elevated not significant after a follow-up period of 1 year. Follicle-stimulating hormone did not change markedly, whereas luteinizing hormone rose significantly. Eighteen patients experienced mild gynecomastia and eight suffered diarrhea. In two patients, flutamide was discontinued for 2 weeks due to serious diarrhea. One patient was withdrawn after 6 weeks because of cholestatic hepatitis. Sexual potency was evaluated in 15 patients, 10 of whom remained sexually active during treatment. Flutamide monotherapy was concluded to be relatively safe and effective in patients with advanced prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Flutamide monotherapy as primary treatment in advanced prostatic carcinoma. 194 17

The demographics, drug habits, and medical complications of a cohort of 1,129 addicts treated at Lexington in the period 1971-1972 were studied. These patients, admitted from 41 different states, had a mean period of addiction of 5.4 years. Over one-third of the sample had engaged in pimping or prostitution, and there were no differences by gender in terms of involvement. Eight-eight percent had shared injection equipment, and surprisingly, 78% admitted to some effort at sterilizing their "works." Hepatitis was the most common associated medical condition: 87% had serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 60% had evidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) exposure, and 47% had abnormal liver function parameters. Gynecomastia was evident in 2% of male subjects. Thirteen percent of the sample had a reactive VDRL assay, but 64% of these were biologically false positive. Subtle abnormalities of immune function were also observed; 18% of the patients had recent unexplained weight loss, 6% had lymphadenopathy, 8% had leukopenia, and 2% had lymphocytopenia. We conclude that both HBV and HAV were important infectious disease risks in these addicts, and that many evidenced deficiencies in immune function well before AIDS became a major public health concern.
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PMID:The Lexington addicts, 1971-1972: demographic characteristics, drug use patterns, and selected infectious disease experience. 259 82

This trial compares Casodex (ICI 176,334) monotherapy with the combination of castration (medical or surgical) plus nilutamide. The trial is now closed to entry, 270 patients having been recruited from 32 French centres. As it is too early to present efficacy data, only patient characteristics and interim tolerability data appear in this paper. In the combined treatment group, interstitial pneumonitis (4.5%) was observed, leading to withdrawal from the trial. Other adverse events leading to withdrawal included dyspnoea and ocular problems. There was also 1 case of hepatitis in this treatment group. In the Casodex treatment group, only 6 patients (as compared with 13 in the combined treatment group) withdrew from the trial because of adverse events. As expected with this group, the adverse events were mainly pharmacological effects of an anti-androgen as monotherapy. In the majority of patients, the effects of gynaecomastia and breast tenderness did not result in withdrawal.
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PMID:French multicentre trial comparing Casodex (ICI 176,334) monotherapy with castration plus nilutamide in metastatic prostate cancer: a preliminary report. 773 55

This review compares the tolerability profiles of the three currently available nonsteroidal antiandrogens, flutamide, bicalutamide and nilutamide. Pharmacological effects associated with blockade of the androgen receptor are frequent with all three drugs. Gynecomastia and breast pain are seen more frequently during antiandrogen monotherapy than during combination with medical or surgical castration or castration alone, and the reverse is true for hot flashes, which are a side effect of castration. Gastrointestinal symptoms are also common to all three drugs, but diarrhea occurs more frequently in flutamide studies than in bicalutamide or nilutamide studies. Hepatotoxicity has been seen with all three antiandrogens, but acute, reversible hepatitis and fatal fulminant hepatitis have also been reported with both nilutamide and flutamide. All three drugs have been associated with asymptomatic elevations in aminotransferases and may reduce hemoglobin levels. Adverse events that have been reported with nilutamide include interstitial pneumonitis, delayed adaptation to darkness after exposure to bright light and alcohol intolerance. To date, bicalutamide appears to have some advantage over flutamide and nilutamide in terms of tolerability.
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PMID:Tolerability of Nonsteroidal Antiandrogens in the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. 1038 26

The use of anabolic steroids by bodybuilders is relatively common and associated with many side effects. Local side effects include tissue necrosis and soft tissue infection at the injection site. Systemic effects may be early epiphyseal closure in the immature skeleton, testicular atrophy, sterility, acne, gynaecomastia and liver disorders such as hepatitis. We report an unusual case of a bodybuilder who developed a large painful inflammatory soft tissue mass in his gluteal area. Multi-modality imaging showed direct evidence revealing the underlying cause of the mass being depot steroid injections.
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PMID:Gluteal mass in a bodybuilder: radiological depiction of a complication of anabolic steroid use. 1204 41

Localised prostate cancer, confined to the prostate gland, occurs mainly in men over 65 years of age. The principal management options are watchful waiting, prostatectomy and radiation therapy. Which of these options has the best harm-benefit balance for patients with localised prostate cancer? To answer this question, we conducted a review of the literature using the standard Prescrire methodology. The natural history of localised prostate cancer depends on the extent and histologic grade of the tumour, and pretreatment PSA level. Without immediate treatment, the risk of death from prostate cancer that only one involves one lobe, a Gleason histological score of 7 or less, and a PSA level of 20 ng/ml or lower is less than 0.5% per year. The risk is about 4% per year in patients with larger tumours, poorly differentiated cancer cells (Gleason score above 7), or an elevated PSA level. Most data on radical prostatectomy come from a randomised trial versus watchful waiting in 695 men with localised cancer. Prostatectomy reduced all-cause mortality after a median followup of about 13 years (46% versus 53% without treatment), but this benefit was only seen in patients younger than 65 years at diagnosis. After 4 years of follow-up, prostatectomy was associated with erectile dysfunction in approximately 40% of patients and with incontinence in about 25% of patients. External beam radiation therapy reduced overall mortality to a lesser degree than prostatectomy, but the level of evidence is lower for this modality. Brachytherapy (implantation of a radioactive isotope in the prostate) has not been compared directly with other treatments. Transient radiation proctitis is common after external beam radiation therapy. About 15% of patients treated with external beam radiation therapy and 10% of patients treated with brachytherapy experience long-term intestinal disorders. About half of patients treated with external beam radiation therapy and the majority of patients treated with brachytherapy have transient symptoms of radiation cystitis. In the long term, about 5% of patients treated with radiation therapy have urinary incontinence, versus 12% to 25% of surgical patients. In the long term, about 75% of surgical patients experience erectile dysfunction, compared to about 60% of patients treated with external beam radiation therapy and about 50% of patients who opt for watchful waiting. Brachytherapy appears to cause less erectile dysfunction than external beam radiation therapy. In patients treated with external beam radiation therapy, the addition of hormone therapy for 4 to 6 months reduced all-cause mortality in two randomised trials but caused gynaecomastia, more erectile dysfunction, hot flashes, and hepatitis. Hormone therapy has an unfavourable harm-benefit balance when used alone to treat localised prostate cancer. Further studies of cryotherapy and high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy are needed to determine their respective benefits and harms. In practice, watchful waiting is the most reasonable option for men with low-risk localised prostate cancer and a life expectancy of less than 10 years. In men with low- or intermediate-risk localised prostate cancer and a life expectancy of more than 10 years, there is insufficient data available in early 2012 to show which of the following options is preferable: watchful waiting, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or brachytherapy. Patients should be informed of the risks associated with each of these options and should be actively involved in the choice of treatment. Treatment is often warranted for patients with high-risk localised prostate cancer.The main options are either radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy combined with hormone therapy.
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PMID:Management of localised prostate cancer: watchful waiting, surgery or radiation therapy, depending on the natural course, which is often relatively slow. 2318 49