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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A decade ago an antigen was identified by immunodiffusion and subsequently proved to be closely associated with hepatitis B virus. Further studies showed that hepatitis B virus circulates as a large particle containing a protein coat and a DNA core, and that excess coat particles are produced and circulate freely. Immunization with surface protein produced protective antibodies, and this led to the development of a prototype vaccine. Patients with hepatitis may develop a variety of extrahepatic manifestations, including polyarteritis, vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis. These associated symptoms may be due to immune complexes consisting of hepatitis B surface antigen and its antibody. The role of cellular immunity in hepatitis B is unknown. The relation between type B virus and the liver is both destructive (leading to severe acute hepatic disease and eventually to cirrhosis) and symbiotic (existing among carriers who have neither liver disease nor symptoms). If the factors that cause these divergent courses were delineated and understood, the results may lead to the prevention and cure of hepatitis B and its sequelae.
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PMID:The liver and the antigens of hepatitis B. 78 84

The authors report a case of chronic aggressive hepatitis associated with persisting HBs (Australia) antigenaemic nephrosis. The disease proved to be membranous glomerulonephritis. Immune fluorescence revealed granular type IgG, IgM, C3 and HBs antigen deposits along the glomerular basement membrane. The IgA deposit was partly linear, partly granular. Subepithelial deposits were noted by electron microscopy along the glomerular basement membrane. It is supposed that the deposition in the glomeruli of HBs antigen-antibody immune complex was responsible for the diffuse membraneous glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Membraneous glomerulonephritis induced by HB (Australia) antigen-antibody complexes. 80 16

Authors describe a case of chronic aggressive hepatitis with persistent HBs (Australia) antigenaemia and nephrosis syndrome. The renal process microscbically appeared to be membranous glomerulonephritis. By immunofluorescent method antigen deposits IgG, IgM, C3 and HBs of the granular type have been revealed on the glomerular basal membranes. Deposits of the IgA were partially of granular, partially of linear type. Electronmicroscopically on the glomerular basale membrane subepithelial deposits were seen. The results of this study indicate that in the case reported diffuse membranus glomerulonephritis occurred due to HBs antigen-antibody immuno-deposits on the glomerular basal membrane.
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PMID:[Membranous glomerulonephritis caused by HBs (Australia) antigen-antibody complexes]. 85 50

Diabetes mellitus was tentatively diagnosed in a black-footed ferret with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dehydration, and weight loss. Laboratory findings (marked hyperglycemia (724 mg/100 ml), glycosuria, and ketonuria) and the subsequent favorable response to insulin therapy confirmed the diagnosis. Although lesions were not observed in the pancreas, gross and histologic findings concomitant with diabetes mellitus included arteriosclerosis, with calcification of the aorta and other major vessels; mild necrotizing hepatitis; and mild proliferative glomerulonephritis. A perineal adenocarcinoma, with metastasis to an internal iliac lymph node, was an incidental finding. Special stains demonstrated adequate numbers of beta cell granules in the islets of Langerhans. Thus, the diabetes was apparently due to a lack of release of the synthesized insulin or to diminished effectiveness of the secreted insulin.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in a black-footed ferret. 92 62

Hepatitis B (HB) antigen was persistently found in two children with perimembranous glomerulonephritis. Soluble immune complexes were demonstrated in both instances. These circulating immune complexes were found only in serum fractions enriched with HB antigen. Immunohistology of sections of kidney demonstrated immune complexes in a granular pattern in the subepithelial regions of the glomerular capillary walls. Fluorescent HB antigen was found in the same region. HB antigen was also detectable in urine. Participation of the complement system in the progress of the disease was demonstrated quantitatively by a decrease in complement factors C1q, C4 and C3 in peripheral blood. Histological, including electromicroscopic, studies in both cases revealed diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane with dense deposits of different extent, and spikes of the basment membrane. These studies strongly suggest an interrelationship between hepatitis with HB antigen and glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:[Perimembranous glomulonephritis in heapatitis associated with hepatitis B antigen (author's transl)]. 112 29

Notes on the literature data concerning renal alterations observed in the course of virus diseases, and on the results of experiments designed to show the nephrotoxic action of viruses and their possible investigation of certain nephropathies, are followed by the presentation of a case of serious renal insufficiency in a young woman with virus hepatitis. The clinical data, the history and the results of blood chemistry and function tests showed this to be attributable to glomerulonephritis, probably caused by the same virus.
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PMID:[Case of severe renal insufficiency appearing during a course of viral hepatitis]. 120 46

A case of acute glomerulonephritis complicating Australia antigen-negative hepatitis in a 17-year-old man is described. The literature relating the onset of glomerulonephritis to virus infection is general, and to that of hepatitis in particular, is reviewed.
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PMID:Acute glomerulonephritis complicating Australia antigen-negative viral hepatitis. 120 70

The viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem worldwide. Some problem is hepatitis B, particularly superinfection HBV-HDV and least hepatitis C (HCV), because they are transmitted via parenteral routes. About 20% of patients becomes a chronic carrier. Some chronic carriers are healthy: and they have no functional deficiencies. Others however, chronic active hepatitis develops and can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and finally to hepatocellular carcinoma, that is one of the major cancers of the world today. The immunocomplexes play a role in pathogenesis of several syndromes, such as: polyarthritis nodosa, glomerulonephritis, acrodermatitis. In the study based on questionnaires mailed 645 persons after acute viral hepatitis they were observed: cholecystitis--13.9%, stomach and/or duodenum ulcer--11.5%, and cholelithiasis--8.1%. An important results of the investigation is the conclusion that hepatitis caused distinct decrease of the health condition and change of the lifestyle. After the viral hepatitis 9% of patients shifted to a lighter job for a time, 3.8% for good and 5.6% patients after hepatitis B were receiving disability payment. In the light of the problems discussed here the vaccination would prevent not only the acute liver illness but also the sequelae of the disease.
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PMID:[Viral hepatitis sequelae]. 133 49

Retrospective analysis of necropsy findings of 705 woodchucks was performed to determine the prevalence and morphology of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis, its relationship to woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection, and the presence of major WHV antigens. Twenty-six woodchucks had glomerular lesions. Renal tissue of the 26 animals was evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically for immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. Of these 26 animals, immune-mediated glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in six, all of which were chronic WHV carriers. Membranous glomerulonephritis was identified in three animals, two of which also had mesangial proliferation. Host immunoglobulin was present within the mesangium and along capillary loops in all three. Woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen (WHcAg) was present along capillary loops of two of these animals, one membranous and one mixed, and in the mesangium of all three. Woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen (WHsAg) deposition was similar to WHcAg deposition but was only present along capillaries in those animals with mixed nephritis. The remaining three animals had mesangial proliferation. WHsAg and host immunoglobulin deposition were predominately mesangial; WHcAg was not detected. Transmission electron microscopy showed thickening of the capillary loop basement membranes and subepithelial electron-dense deposits in animal one, and deposits in the mesangium in animal six.
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PMID:Immunopathology of glomerulonephritis associated with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in woodchucks (Marmota monax). 163 59

A pathogenetic relationship is postulated for the development of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-cell lymphoma of low-grade malignancy) and myeloproliferative syndrome, which we have observed in eight patients. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that chronic lymphatic leukaemia and immunocytoma are often associated with immunodysregulative phenomena, and by the immunohistological and ultrastructural findings in the kidney, especially the frequent electron-microscopic finding of cryoglobulins, which results in the membranoproliferative type of immune-complex glomerulonephritis, an expression of a disturbance in immune balance. The pathogenetic mechanism may involve cryoglobulins themselves as immune complexes; it is also possible that monoclonal cryoglobulins combine with an antigen to form immune complexes or lead to in situ formation of immune complexes. In addition, other immune complexes, for example with endogenous tumour-associated antigens and exogenous antigens (e.g. hepatitis antigens), may be involved in the pathogenesis.
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PMID:[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma nad myeloproliferative syndrome--a causal relationship?]. 172 39


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