Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

The diagnosis of viral hepatitis was not confirmed in 2976 (22.79%) out of the admitted to the hospital patients for a period of 15 years. What impresses is the percentage growth for the last several years, reaching to 30. This, on one hand is associated with the greater exigence of HEI and with the strong fear of that disease as well as with the improved diagnostic possibilities of the infectious diseases wards on the other. In fact, almost all patients with icterus were admitted to infectious diseases wards, where the differential diagnosis of icterus was made. The first place among the false diagnoses is occupied by liver-bile diseases, progressing with icterus-50.81%, (cholelithiasis-29%, carcinoma-11%, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, steatosis, cholangiohepatitis, pancreatitis, etc-10.8%). Second, according to incidence, come the gastrointestinal diseases-13.51%, grippe and grippe-like diseases-13.44%, lung diseases-5.21%, blood-3.80%, heart-3.16%, toxic hepatitis 3.26%, etc. Thirty cases of infectious mononucleosis with icterus are reported as well as 17 patients with liver etzymopathies, syndrome of Dublin--Johnson--6 and Gilbert--Meulengracht syndrome--11. Viral hepatitis diagnosis is not always easy and in many cases it requires a complex of laboratory and other investigations and many years of experience. However, the false diagnosis could be reduced with more than a half with the careful consideration of the epidemic situation, anamnestic and clinical data.
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PMID:[Diagnostic problems of viral hepatitis]. 89 23

A novelty of the present studies is the use of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A-1--AT) as an endogenous marker of enteric protein loss. Enteric clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin was determined in 10 patients with the symptoms of PLE, and in 6 healthy individuals. Alpha 1-Antitrypsin concentration has been assayed in single, random samples of feces collected from 42 patients and 12 healthy individuals (normal values: 1.31 +/- 0.72 mg/g of feces). Markedly increased enteric clearance and A-1-AT concentrations in single, random samples of feces have been found in patients with enteric lymphangiectasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and constrictive pericarditis, slightly lower in coeliac, chronic diarrhoea, nonspecific hemorrhagic colitis, esophagitis, lambliasis, hypogammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, hepatitis in newborn, and Gilbert's disease. Statistically significant positive clearance has been noted (r = 0.997; p less than .001). A single assay of A-1-AT in feces is simple, repeatable, and sensitive technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of these diseases in which the symptoms of enteric protein loss are seen.
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PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin as an endogenous marker of protein-losing enteropathies]. 143 95

cDNA clones mapping within the first 2601 bases of the 3' end of the TGEV genome were sequenced completely or in part by the method of Maxam and Gilbert and open reading frames were examined. One reading frame yielding a protein having properties of the matrix (M) protein was identified. It is positioned at the immediate 5' side of the nucleocapsid (N) gene but is separated by an intergenic region of 12 bases. The deduced M protein is comprised of 262 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 29,544, is moderately hydrophobic, and has an amino acid sequence homology of approximately 36% with the mouse hepatitis coronavirus, 37% with the bovine enteric coronavirus, and 28% with the avian infectious bronchitis virus. Judging from an alignment with MHV and IBV proteins, the amino terminus of the TGEV M protein extends 54 amino acids from the virion envelope which compares with 26 for MHV and 21 for IBV.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus matrix protein gene. 282 20

cDNA clones mapping within the first 2601 bases of the 3' end of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis corona-virus (TGEV) genome were sequenced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert and an open reading frame yielding a protein having properties of the matrix (M or E1) protein was identified. It is positioned at the 5' side of the nucleocapsid (N) gene from which it is separated by an intergenic stretch of 12 bases. The deduced M protein comprises 262 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 29,544, is moderately hydrophobic, and has a net charge of +7 at neutral pH. Thirty-four percent of its amino acid sequence is homologous with the M protein of the bovine coronavirus (BCV), 32% with that of the mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV), and 19% with that of the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV). Judging from alignment with the BCV, MHV, and IBV M proteins, the amino terminus of the TGEV M protein extends 54 amino acids from the virion envelope which compares with only 28 for BCV, 26 for MHV, and 21 for IBV. Eleven of the sixteen amino-terminal amino acids are hydrophobic and the positions of charged amino acids around this sequence suggest that the first 16 amino acids comprise a potentially cleavable signal peptide for membrane insertion. A similar sequence is not found in the M proteins of BCV, MHV, or IBV. When mRNA from infected cells, or RNA prepared by in vitro transcription of the reconstructed M gene, was translated in vitro in the presence of microsomes, the M protein became translocated and glycosylated. When a protein without the amino-terminal signal peptide was made by translating a truncated version of the M gene transcript, some translocation and glycosylation also occurred suggesting that the amino-terminal signal peptide on the TGEV M protein is not an absolute requirement for membrane translocation. Interestingly, the amino-terminal peptide did not appear to be cleaved during in vitro translation in the presence of microsomes suggesting that a step in virion assembly may be required for proper exposure of the cleavage site to the signal peptidase.
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PMID:The amino-terminal signal peptide on the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus matrix protein is not an absolute requirement for membrane translocation and glycosylation. 284 92

The 3' end of the 20-kb genome of the Purdue strain of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) was copied into cDNA after priming with oligo(dT) and the double-stranded product was cloned into the PstI site of the pUC9 vector. One clone of 2.0-kb contained part of the poly(A) tail and was sequenced in its entirety using the chemical method of Maxam and Gilbert. Another clone of 0.7 kb also contained part of the poly(A) tail and was sequenced in part to confirm the primary structure of the most 3' end of the genome. Two potential, nonoverlapping genes were identified within the 3'-terminal 1663-base sequence from an examination of open reading frames. The first gene encodes a 382-amino acid protein of 43,426 mol wt, that is the apparent nucleocapsid protein on the basis of size, chemical properties, and amino acid sequence homology with other coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins. It is flanked on its 5' side by at least part of the matrix protein gene. The second encodes a hypothetical 78-amino acid protein of 9101 mol wt that is hydrophobic at both ends. A 3'-proximal noncoding sequence of 276 bases was also determined and a conserved stretch of 9 nucleotides near the poly(A) tail was found to be common among TGEV, the mouse hepatitis coronavirus, and the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus.
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PMID:Sequence analysis of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus nucleocapsid protein gene. 300 32

Analysis of serum unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin fractions by routine diazo procedures does not allow a definite diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome. By the alkaline methanolysis procedure of Blanckaert followed by thin-layer chromatography we were able to discriminate Gilbert's syndrome even in the presence of normal serum bilirubin concentrations from healthy subjects, patients with chronic persistant hepatitis and patients with chronic hemolysis. The relative proportion of unconjugated bilirubin in serum was 95 +/- 2% in patients with Gilbert's syndrome (n = 28), 84 +/- 5% in healthy subjects (n = 29), 75 +/- 6% in patients with chronic persistant hepatitis (n = 7) and 85 +/- 3% in patients with chronic hemolysis (n = 9). The difference between Gilbert's syndrome and the control groups with normal or elevated serum bilirubin was highly significant (p less than 0.001). In Gilbert's syndrome, unconjugated bilirubin ranged between 90 and 99%, in healthy subjects between 72 and 90%, in patients with chronic persistant hepatitis between 68 and 85% and in patients with chronic hemolysis between 81 and 89% of total. An overlap was only seen in one patient with Gilbert's syndrome and in 2 healthy subjects at the 90% level. We conclude that in most patients with Gilbert's syndrome provocation tests are no longer necessary.
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PMID:Gilbert's syndrome: diagnosis by typical serum bilirubin pattern. 394 23

In an effort to assess connective tissue biosynthetic activity in human liver disease, collagen proline hydroxylase (a key enzyme in collagen biosynthesis) and the uptake of (35)S sulphate (a precursor of sulphated mucopolysaccharides) were measured in hepatic tissue obtained mainly by percutaneous biopsy.A procedure is described for the quantitation of collagen proline hydroxylase in cryostat sections which allows for the simultaneous histopathological examination of the liver specimen. A three to eightfold increase in the activity of this enzyme was found in four cirrhotic livers compared with the mean value of four normal livers and two biopsies from patients with Gilbert's syndrome. Elevated hydroxylase levels were found also in five patients with hepatic dysfunction but without cirrhosis (four alcoholics and one patient with persistent hepatitis associated with serum smooth muscle antibody). It is suggested that the hepatic level of collagen proline hydroxylase may be a useful quantitative index of fibroblastic activity in human liver disease. Autoradiographic studies of radioactive sulphate uptake in biopsy specimens from patients with chronic liver disease showed an exaggerated incorporation of isotope not only at sites of established fibrogenesis but also in the walls of sinusoids throughout the liver.
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PMID:Collagen proline hydroxylase activity and 35S sulphate uptake in human liver biopsies. 436 10

Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed with the Maxam--Gilbert method on a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA (Eco WHV DNA). The structural gene coding for the envelope protein of the virus was localized on the viral genome in the partially single-stranded region between map positions 91.2 and 71. This gene is composed of 669 nucleotides and can code for a polypeptide of 25,645 daltons. The DNA sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence were compared with those of the corresponding gene and surface antigen of the related hepatitis B virus, allowing some insight into the localization of the antigenic site.
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PMID:Localization and nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen: comparison with the gene coding for the human hepatitis B virus surface antigen. 694 71

The complete nucleotide sequence of a woodchuck hepatitis virus genome cloned in Escherichia coli was determined by the method of Maxam and Gilbert. This sequence was found to be 3,308 nucleotides long. Potential ATG initiator triplets and nonsense codons were identified and used to locate regions with a substantial coding capacity. A striking similarity was observed between the organization of human hepatitis B virus and woodchuck hepatitis virus. Nucleotide sequences of these open regions in the woodchuck virus were compared with corresponding regions present in hepatitis B virus. This allowed the location of four viral genes on the L strand and indicated the absence of protein coded by the S strand. Evolution rates of the various parts of the genome as well as of the four different proteins coded by hepatitis B virus and woodchuck hepatitis virus were compared. These results indicated that: (i) the core protein has evolved slightly less rapidly than the other proteins; and (ii) when a region of DNA codes for two different proteins, there is less freedom for the DNA to evolve and, moreover, one of the proteins can evolve more rapidly than the other. A hairpin structure, very well conserved in the two genomes, was located in the only region devoid of coding function, suggesting the location of the origin of replication of the viral DNA.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus genome: comparison with the hepatitis B virus sequence. 708 58


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