Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between the years 1990 and 2000, an attempt was made to determine the causes of death of 55 harbour porpoises stranded along the Belgian and northern French coasts. From 1990 to 1996, only five carcasses were collected as against seven in 1997, eight in 1998, 27 in 1999 and eight in 2000. The sex ratio was normal and most of the animals were juvenile. The most common findings were emaciation, severe parasitosis and pneumonia. A few cases of fishing net entanglement were observed. The main microscopical lesions were acute pneumonia, massive lung oedema, enteritis, hepatitis and gastritis. Encephalitis was observed in six cases. No evidence of morbillivirus infection was detected. Pneumonia was associated with bacteria or parasites, or both. The causes of death and the lesions were similar to those previously reported in other countries bordering the North Sea. The cause of the increased numbers of carcasses in 1999 was unclear but did not include viral epizootics or net entanglement. A temporary increase in the porpoise population in the southern North Sea may have been responsible.
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PMID:Post-mortem findings and causes of death of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded from 1990 to 2000 along the coastlines of Belgium and Northern France. 1205 72

Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) dam and its fetus on the basis of pathologic findings, immunohistochemistry, and structure of the parasite. The dolphin was stranded alive on the Spanish Mediterranean coast and died a few hours later. At necropsy the dam was in good condition. From the standpoint of pathology, however, it had generalized lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly, enlargement of and multifocal hemorrhage in the adrenal glands, diffuse mucosal hemorrhage of the glandular and pyloric stomach, ulcerative glossitis and stomatitis, focal erosions and reddening of the laryngeal appendix, and severe paraotic sinusitis with intralesional nematodes Crassicauda grampicola. The dolphin was pregnant, most probably in the first gestational trimester. The most prominent microscopic lesions were multifocal granulomatous encephalomyelitis, diffuse subacute interstitial pneumonia, mild multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and nonsuppurative cholangiohepatitis, gastritis and adrenalitis, mild lymphoid depletion, medullary sinus and follicular histyocitosis, and systemic hemosiderosis. The fetus had foci of coagulative and lytic necrosis in the kidneys, the lung, and the heart. Most lesions were associated with tachyzoites and tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii. The diagnosis was confirmed immunohistochemically. This is the first report on toxoplasmosis in a Risso's dolphin (G. griseus) and on transplacental transmission to an early-stage fetus in any cetaceans.
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PMID:Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a Mediterranean pregnant Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) with transplacental fetal infection. 1243 53

The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy & safety profile of three different antituberculous regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis. The study sample size included 90 newly diagnosed, sputum positive patients of pulmonary. tuberculosis. 30 each from different groups. The parameters studied were, therapeutic efficacy included weight gain, cough, sputum examination and safety profile: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastritis, hepatitis, jaundice diarrhoea, rashes, dizziness, tingling & numbness, flu like symptoms & joint aches. Group-I showed statistically significant weight gain when compared to Group-II. Improvement in cough and conversion to smear negative were seen in 100% of patients in Group-I, 83.3% of patients in Group-II and 93.3% of patients in Group-III. Therapeutic efficacy was highest with Group I regimen, followed by Group III and Group II which was least efficacious. Group II also registered; the maximum cost and highest incidence of adverse effects.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety profile of three anti-tuberculous regimens in Mangalore. 1264 66

A 56 year old man was admitted cause he had increasing symptoms as weakness, lethargy, disorientation. The total eosinophil count was 3000/mm3, the serum sodium concentration was 120 mmol per litre. In spite of severe hyponatriemia, urinary sodium excretion was not suppressed and serum osmolality (240 mOsm/Kg was lower than urine osmolality (488 mOsm/Kg). SIADH and Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome was diagnosed because we found systemic failure signs due to hypereosinophilia (hepatitis, gastritis, pulmonary hypertension, and encefalopathy). Cortisonic treatment was started with symptoms improving, natriemia, eosynophil count and hepatitis signs normalization. After treatment stopping, reappeared asymptomatic hypereosinophilia, than we choosed Idrossiurea but, non-standing hypereosinophilia disappeared, appeared signs of preexisting adrenal insufficiency, emphasized by stopping cortisone therapy. A RMN showed an hypofiseal adenoma. Many cases of SIADH and Hypereosinophilia hiding adrenocortical insufficiency are reported with severe and unusual hypereosinophilia.
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PMID:[Association of hyponatremia and eosinophilia: correlated idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and SIADH or adrenal insufficiency with secondary eosinophilia]. 1285 64

The inflammatory bowel diseases are considered an abnormal host immune response to an environmental stimulus. Evidence suggests a role for intestinal bacteria in initiating and/or providing an ongoing stimulus for inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Helicobacter pylori is the major cause of active chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers in humans and has been linked to gastric carcinoma and lymphoma. Studies in various animal models, particularly mice, have identified enterohepatic Helicobacter species that are capable of causing hepatitis and enterocolitis. We hypothesize that Helicobacter species may have a role in maintaining inflammation in humans with inflammatory bowel disease. In order to investigate this, biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease. DNA was extracted from the tissues and subjected to PCR with primers designed to detect the ribosomal DNA of members of the Helicobacter species. DNA from six biopsy samples from 60 inflammatory bowel disease patients tested positive. This included 5 of 33 ulcerative colitis patients that were positive compared to 0 of 29 age-matched controls (P < 0.04). Sequencing of the bands produced by PCR amplification revealed >or=99% homology with H. pylori. These results indicate that a member of the Helicobacter species may be involved in some cases of ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Detection of species-specific helicobacter ribosomal DNA in intestinal biopsy samples from a population-based cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis. 1476 33

Rodent models have been developed to study the pathogenesis of diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, as well as by other gastric and intestinal Helicobacter spp., but some murine enteric Helicobacter spp. cause hepatobiliary and intestinal tract diseases in specific inbred strains of laboratory mice. To identify these murine Helicobacter spp., we developed an assay based on PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and pyrosequencing. Nine strains of mice, maintained in four conventional laboratory animal houses, were assessed for Helicobacter sp. carriage. Tissue samples from the liver, stomach, and small intestine, as well as feces and blood, were collected; and all specimens (n = 210) were screened by a Helicobacter genus-specific PCR. Positive samples were identified to the species level by multiplex denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, pyrosequencing, and a H. ganmani-specific PCR assay. Histologic examination of 30 tissue samples from 18 animals was performed. All mice of eight of the nine strains tested were Helicobacter genus positive; H. bilis, H. hepaticus, H. typhlonius, H. ganmani, H. rodentium, and a Helicobacter sp. flexispira-like organism were identified. Helicobacter DNA was common in fecal (86%) and gastric tissue (55%) specimens, whereas samples of liver tissue (21%), small intestine tissue (17%), and blood (14%) were less commonly positive. Several mouse strains were colonized with more than one Helicobacter spp. Most tissue specimens analyzed showed no signs of inflammation; however, in one strain of mice, hepatitis was diagnosed in livers positive for H. hepaticus, and in another strain, gastric colonization by H. typhlonius was associated with gastritis. The diagnostic setup developed was efficient at identifying most murine Helicobacter spp.
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PMID:High prevalence of Helicobacter Species detected in laboratory mouse strains by multiplex PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and pyrosequencing. 1529 30

Digestive lesions were observed in 84 of 136 sea turtles (128 Caretta caretta, four Chelonia mydas and four Dermochelys coriacea) stranded in the Canary Islands between January 1993 and December 2001. In the oral cavity ulcerative and necropurulent stomatitis were the most frequently observed lesions, and in the oesophagus ulcerative and fibrinous oesophagitis, and traumatic oesophageal perforation were most frequently observed; all these lesions were mainly associated with the ingestion of fishing hooks. Different histological types of gastritis were observed in 35 of the turtles; necropurulent and fibrinous gastritis were associated with bacterial infections caused mainly by Proteus species, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Staphylococcus species, and larval nematodes of the genus Anisakis were responsible for a form of parasitic gastritis observed in 16 of the turtles. Different histological types of enteritis, including catarrhal, fibrinous, necropurulent and necrotising enteritis, affected 36 turtles; a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus species, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella species, Proteus species, Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species and V. alginolyticus, were isolated from these lesions. All the cases of necrotising enteritis were associated with intestinal intussusception caused by the ingestion of monofilament fishing lines. Necrotising and/or multifocal granulomatous hepatitis were the lesions most commonly observed in the liver; they affected 29 of the turtles and were associated with Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter species, E. coli, Proteus species, Staphylococcus species and V. alginolyticus infections. According to the stranding reports and the gross and histological lesions observed, 33 of the turtles had digestive lesions associated with the ingestion of hooks and monofilament lines, and two had lesions associated with the ingestion of crude oil.
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PMID:Digestive pathology of sea turtles stranded in the Canary Islands between 1993 and 2001. 1535 77

Helicobacter hepaticus infection induces sustained inflammation and carcinoma of the liver in A/JCr mice, and serves as a model of human cancers associated with viral hepatitis and H. pylorichronic gastritis. Here we describe the pathogenesis of premalignant disease in A/JCr mice infected with H. hepaticus. We inoculated dams intragestationally and/or pups postnatally, and evaluated offspring at 3, 6, or 12 months. Mice infected at or before 3 weeks of age, but not at 12 weeks, developed disease. Male mice were most affected, but expressed a bimodal pattern of susceptibility. Males exhibited lobular necrogranulomatous and interface (chronic active) hepatitis, while females usually developed intraportal (chronic persistent) hepatitis. Portal inflammation was slowly progressive, with tertiary lymphoid nodule development by 12 months. Hepatic bacterial load and preneoplastic lesions, including clear and tigroid cell foci of cellular alteration, were correlated with lobular hepatitis severity. No extrahepatic surrogate disease marker reliably predicted individual hepatitis grade. In conclusion, gender and bacterial exposure timing are key determinants of H. hepaticus disease outcomes. Intrahepatic inflammation is driven by local signals characterized by a vigorous but nonsterilizing immune response. Continued study of chronic hepatitis progression may reveal therapeutic targets to reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Progression of chronic hepatitis and preneoplasia in Helicobacter hepaticus-infected A/JCr mice. 1551 10

The GI endoscopy can be divided into upper GI tract endoscopy (esophago-, gastro-, entero-, fistulo- and cholangioscopy) and lower GI tract endoscopy (recto-, sigmoido-, colonoscopy) from practical point of view and the characteristic of used equipment. A lot of therapeutic methods for GI tract is associated with each of these procedures. GI tract endoscopy doesn't play significant part in diagnosis of acute and chronic C hepatitis. Significance of endoscopy procedures decidedly increases in the case of progressive liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis associated with HCV infection., where changes in GI tract are observed to 87% patients. These changes can be divided into: 1) not associated with portal hypertension, 2) these ones caused by portal hypertension. The most observed changes not associated with portal hypertension involve: reflux esophagitis, esophageal candidiasis; different variants of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer. To the changes connected with portal hypertension, which are possible for endoscopy assessment, belongs esophageal and gastric varices, portal gastro-, entero-, colopathy, and gastric antral vascular ectasiae (GAVE). However to-day endoscopy has got not only diagnostic significance but also enables: estimation of pharmacotherapy efficiency, the primary and secondary prophylaxis of bleedings from GI varices as well as therapy of GI bleeding in this group of patients.
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PMID:[Endoscopy in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C--diagnosis and therapy depending on the phase of diseases progression and liver regeneration]. 1555 69

This paper lists the pathological findings and causes of mortality of 93 sea turtles (88 Caretta caretta, 3 Chelonia mydas, and 2 Dermochelys coriacea) stranded on the coasts of the Canary Islands between January 1998 and December 2001. Of these, 25 (26.88%) had died of spontaneous diseases including different types of pneumonia, hepatitis, meningitis, septicemic processes and neoplasm. However, 65 turtles (69.89%) had died from lesions associated with human activities such as boat-strike injuries (23.66%), entanglement in derelict fishing nets (24.73%), ingestion of hooks and monofilament lines (19.35%), and crude oil ingestion (2.15%). Traumatic ulcerative skin lesions were the most common gross lesions, occurring in 39.78% of turtles examined, and being associated with Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus spp. infections. Pulmonary edema (15.05%), granulomatous pneumonia (12.90%) and exudative bronchopneumonia (7.53%) were the most frequently detected respiratory lesions. Different histological types of nephritis included chronic interstitial nephritis, granulomatous nephritis and perinephric abscesses, affecting 13 turtles (13.98%). Ulcerative and fibrinous esophagitis and traumatic esophageal perforation were the most frequently observed lesions in the esophagus, being associated in the majority of the cases with ingestion of fishing hooks. Larval nematodes of the Anisakidae family caused gastritis in 15 turtles (16.13%). Necrotizing and/or granulomatous hepatitis were the lesions most commonly observed in the liver (27.95%). Traumatic lesions included necrotizing myositis (10.75%) mainly caused by entanglement in fishing nets or boat-strikes, and amputation of 1 or 2 flippers (25.81%) by netting. Traumatic erosions and/or fractures of the carapace/plastron mainly caused by boat-strikes were also observed (26.88%). Eye lesions included heterophilic keratoconjunctivitis, ulcerative keratitis and heterophilic scleritis, affecting 7 turtles (7.53%).
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PMID:Diseases and causes of mortality among sea turtles stranded in the Canary Islands, Spain (1998-2001). 1575 96


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