Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serial assays for immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) were performed in 51 patients with antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) in their sera. IgM anti-HBc was detected periodically and persistently in 8 (53%) of 15 patients with chronic hepatitis whose serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were elevated and was not detected in 36 patients with normal serum GPT levels. Antibody to delta agent was not detected in any of the patients. Of the eight patients positive for IgM anti-HBc, four had a high titer of IgM anti-HBc and either developed liver cirrhosis (three cases) or died due to massive hepatic necrosis (one case); the other four showed a low level of IgM anti-HBc and either recovered (two cases) or developed chronic persistent hepatitis (two cases). Of seven patients negative for IgM anti-Hbc, two had a fatty liver, and five, who had a history of blood transfusion, had chronic hepatitis. Thus, even though anti-HBe may be present, if the titer of IgM anti-HBc is high, the histological activity can be expected to increase, and the prognosis will be poor. If the titer of IgM anti-HBc is low, the histological activity may be expected to decrease, and the prognosis may be good. In patients with abnormally high serum GPT but without IgM anti-HBc, another type of hepatitis or a secondary form of liver disease should be considered.
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PMID:Serial assay for IGM anti-HBc in patients with anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis and its significance for long-term prognosis. 336 33

In order to elucidate active oxygen in liver diseases, activities, electrophoretic profiles and immunolocalization of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in human liver specimens were investigated. Activities and electrophoresis were studied using liver homogenates in 41 cases and immunolocalization of Cu, Zn SOD was observed in 87 cases. Total SOD activity in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and fatty liver (FL) groups was significantly lower than that in non-specific reactive hepatitis (NSRH) group. Cu, Zn SOD activity in AVH, FL and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) groups was also significantly lower than that in NSRH group. However, no difference of Mn SOD activity, was found between NSRH group and others. Decreased activity of superoxide dismutase in liver tissues suggests the release of this enzyme from the injured hepatocytes. In electrophoretic patterns of superoxide dismutase, 3 bands of Cu, Zn SOD isozymes and 8 to 10 bands of Mn SOD isozymes were recognized. Immunocytochemical investigation revealed the localization of Cu, Zn SOD in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Two different distribution of Cu, Zn SOD was observed in the lobules: a diffuse localization pattern and a focal one. The latter was found in the cases of liver diseases with severe parenchymal lesion. These findings suggest that superoxide radical anion and its scavenger, superoxide dismutase, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver cell necrosis.
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PMID:Activities, electrophoretic profiles and immunolocalization of superoxide dismutase in human liver specimens. 336 38

The diagnostic value of fasting and after meal test total bile acid determination in control subjects and in patients suffering from chronic persistent and active hepatitis, fatty liver and cirrhosis has been evaluated with fluorimetric method. Our results demonstrated the good sensitivity of determination of bile acids after meal test in evaluating the different forms of liver damage.
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PMID:[Significance of the study of bile salts in acute and chronic liver disease]. 345 Dec 90

Serum catalase activity was moderately increased in fatty liver, acute alcoholic hepatitis and in the decompensated form of cardiac circulatory failure. It showed significant increase in acute yellow atrophy and in toxic hepatitis while no changes were detected in liver cirrhosis and viral hepatitis. Serum catalase activity showed a good correlation (r = 0.820) with the serum glutamate dehydrogenase activity. In accordance with our results, the inexpensive assay of serum catalase activity is suggested for the detection of severe liver cell damage.
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PMID:Serum catalase enzyme activity in liver diseases. 345 88

The liver in an infant or child is as liable to the same pathologies afflicting the adult liver but with certain differences in prevalence and causes. Genetic disorders are more likely to present in the paediatric age group where many involve metabolic processes such as galactosemia, phenylketonuria, glycogen storage disease and others. Many of these present in the newborn period. However, neoplasms and hamartomas also present in the newborn period, such as congenital neuroblastoma with an enormously enlarged liver, hepatoblastoma and haemangioma. The latter may present with intractable cardiac failure as a result of considerable shunting of blood. Acquired liver lesions often present in the newborn period or early infancy and this includes hepatitis and biliary atresia. The difficulties in the differentiation of the two lesions will be discussed together with the management of biliary atresia. As the child grows older, Reyes encephalopathy with microvesicular fat in the liver is not uncommon. The pathophysiology of Reyes encephalopathy as seen locally will be described. The choledochal cyst with direct (Caroli's disease) or indirect effect on the liver will be described. Problems of childhood portal hypertension as well as congenital hepatic fibrosis will be described. Hemosiderosis of the liver is chiefly seen in homozygous beta-thalassaemia patients who have been kept alive with repeated blood transfusions. Amoebic and pyogenic hepatitis, fatty liver due to protein malnutrition, biliary ascariasis, etc, which are common in tropical and subtropical countries are rarely seen now in Singapore children.
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PMID:Paediatric liver disorders in Singapore. 346 38

131 patients thought to have diffuse liver disease underwent ultrasonography and percutaneous liver biopsy. The ultrasonographic criteria examined were hepatic echogenicity compared to that of the renal cortex, homogeneity of hepatic parenchyma, and regularity of hepatic outline. On the basis of histologic examination of liver biopsies, several groups of pathologic lesions (not diagnostic entities) were established. Evaluation of ultrasound and histology was double blind. When the lobular architecture of the liver was respected histologically (normal liver, granulomatosis, siderosis, hepatitis), the ultrasound was normal in 86% of cases. The sensitivity of ultrasound was 0.9 for detection of fatty liver and 0.6 for cirrhosis. An abnormal ultrasound predicted structural modifications or a fatty liver in 93% of cases. Ultrasound proved incapable of differentiating between fatty liver and cirrhosis.
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PMID:[The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of diffuse liver disease]. 351 4

The clinical effect from the treatment of 48 patients with carsil and 24 patients with legalon is studied. The patients were subdivided into three groups in the base of the clinical, laboratory-chemical and instrumental examination: light hepatic lesions--hepatic steatosis, chronic persisting hepatitis (ChPH), post-hepatitis states, chronic active hepatitis (ChAN) and cirrhosis of the liver (CL). Both preparations were administered 3 three times, 2 tablets daily for 3 months. The results obtained revealed that the bioflavonoid preparation carsil did not much differ in its clinical effect from the preparation legalon. The preparations carsil and legalon had a good effect, but not with statistical significance, on the subjective symptoms--pain, sense of heaviness and upper dyspeptic syndrome in the patients studied. Both preparations had a good effect on the biochemical indices: thymol test, SGOT, gamma-globulins, immunoglobulin G, blood bilirubin. The three month administration of carsil and legalon did not essentially change the histological findings in liver. The preparations carsil and legalon are indicated in light and moderate hepatic affections--hepatic steatosis, ChPH, post-hepatitis states. No contraindications have been reported for the administration of those preparations even in advanced hepatic disorders where they could be included as "basis" therapy.
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PMID:[Effect of carsil and legalon in treating chronic liver diseases]. 376 78

In 16 healthy volunteers and in 39 patients with liver diseases (fatty liver, chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis) a simplified aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was carried out using a "tracer" dose of 3 mg (111 kBq) 14C-aminopyrine. The exhaled 14CO2 measured 1 h after intake amounted to values between 771 and 1337 DPM/mmol CO2/70 kg body weight in healthy controls. The amount of exhaled 14CO2 decreased in the order: fatty liver greater than chronic, active hepatitis greater than active, compensated cirrhosis greater than active, decompensated cirrhosis. Between the values of ABT and various conventional laboratory liver tests (alanine-aminotransferase, alanine-aminopeptidase, aspartate-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total serum bilirubin) significant correlations were found (r = 0.6019 to 0.7765, n = 55; p less than 0.001). The proposed modification of the breath test is of advantage in that it requires a very low dose of aminopyrine and is easily practicable.
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PMID:A simple method for routine determination of the metabolic liver capacity: the aminopyrine breath test. 392 2

The two major constituents of basement membranes are type IV collagen and laminin. Specific radioimmunoassays are described here for two structural domains of these proteins (7-S collagen and the fragment P1, respectively) that allow the related antigens to be quantified in human serum. The serum 7-S collagen antigen was uniform in size, whereas the laminin P1 antigenicity was heterogeneous. These proteins were measured in sera from sixty-three alcoholics, divided on the basis of liver histology into four groups: normal light microscopy, fatty liver, alcoholic cirrhosis with hepatitis and inactive cirrhosis. The group with cirrhosis and hepatitis had clearly elevated values in both assays, differing significantly from the others. A few pathological results were also seen in the other groups. The increases noted in 7-S collagen concentration were larger than those in laminin P1. During follow-up of a patient with cirrhosis and hepatitis the 7-S collagen level in particular seemed to reflect the course of the disease. The elevated basement membrane protein concentrations in serum may be associated with the formation of real basement membranes in the perisinusoidal space, a process known as capillarization of the sinusoids which is found during the development of liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Type IV collagen and laminin-related antigens in human serum in alcoholic liver disease. 392 6

The accidental finding of raised levels of serum aminotransferase levels may lead to extensive investigations of the liver in apparently healthy people. To identify diagnostic groups and their need for investigations, we have evaluated the results of all investigative procedures carried out in 149 asymptomatic patients with persistently raised serum levels of aminotransferases. Fatty liver was found in 64%. These patients often had a high body weight. A high alcohol intake and diabetes mellitus were also noted. Chronic active or persistent hepatitis was found in 20% of the patients. Six per cent had cirrhosis, 4% had alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and 3.5% had hemochromatosis. Apart from ferritin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and markers for hepatitis B, blood tests were of little value for distinguishing among different diagnostic groups. This was the case also for the imaging procedures, and neither liver scintigraphy nor ultrasonography was a reliable source of diagnostic information. The results of our study indicate that diagnosis in this group of patients cannot be made without liver biopsy.
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PMID:Liver investigation in 149 asymptomatic patients with moderately elevated activities of serum aminotransferases. 395 45


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