Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1 September and 24 October 1976, 318 cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever occurred in northern Zaire. The outbreak was centred in the Bumba Zone of the Equateur Region and most of the cases were recorded within a radius of 70 km of Yambuku, although a few patients sought medical attention in Bumba, Abumombazi, and the capital city of Kinshasa, where individual secondary and tertiary cases occurred. There were 280 deaths, and only 38 serologically confirmed survivors.The index case in this outbreak had onset of symptoms on 1 September 1976, five days after receiving an injection of chloroquine for presumptive malaria at the outpatient clinic at Yambuku Mission Hospital (YMH). He had a clinical remission of his malaria symptoms. Within one week several other persons who had received injections at YMH also suffered from Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and almost all subsequent cases had either received injections at the hospital or had had close contact with another case. Most of these occurred during the first four weeks of the epidemic, after which time the hospital was closed, 11 of the 17 staff members having died of the disease. All ages and both sexes were affected, but women 15-29 years of age had the highest incidence of disease, a phenomenon strongly related to attendance at prenatal and outpatient clinics at the hospital where they received injections. The overall secondary attack rate was about 5%, although it ranged to 20% among close relatives such as spouses, parent or child, and brother or sister.Active surveillance disclosed that cases occurred in 55 of some 550 villages which were examined house-by-house. The disease was hitherto unknown to the people of the affected region. Intensive search for cases in the area of north-eastern Zaire between the Bumba Zone and the Sudan frontier near Nzara and Maridi failed to detect definite evidence of a link between an epidemic of the disease in that country and the outbreak near Bumba. Nevertheless it was established that people can and do make the trip between Nzara and Bumba in not more than four days: thus it was regarded as quite possible that an infected person had travelled from Sudan to Yambuku and transferred the virus to a needle of the hospital while receiving an injection at the outpatient clinic.Both the incubation period, and the duration of the clinical disease averaged about one week. After 3-4 days of non-specific symptoms and signs, patients typically experienced progressively severe sore throat, developed a maculopapular rash, had intractable abdominal pain, and began to bleed from multiple sites, principally the gastrointestinal tract. Although laboratory determinations were limited and not conclusive, it was concluded that pathogenesis of the disease included non-icteric hepatitis and possibly acute pancreatitis as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation.This syndrome was caused by a virus morphologically similar to Marburg virus, but immunologically distinct. It was named Ebola virus. The agent was isolated from the blood of 8 of 10 suspected cases using Vero cell cultures. Titrations of serial specimens obtained from one patient disclosed persistent viraemia of 10(6.5)-10(4.5) infectious units from the third day of illness until death on the eighth day. Ebola virus particles were found in formalin-
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PMID:Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. 30 56

During a 1974 foodborne outbreak of viral hepatitis type A among Navy recruits, we evaluated clinical and laboratory features prospectively in 130 affected persons. The ratio of anicteric to icteric persons identified during the outbreak was 1:3.5 but illness was relatively mild in this population of young adults. Infrequently reported in association with type A hepatitis, rash and arthralgias (but not arthritis) were reported by 14 and 10% of affected persons, respectively. Fourteen weeks after onset of acute illness, 8.5% of patients had persistently elevated aminotransferase activities and underwent percutaneous liver biopsy. Morphologic features included piecemeal necrosis, but clinical, biochemical, and histological evidence of disease resolved within five months to one year after the outbreak. Fecal shedding of hepatitis A virus began during the preicteric stage, did not persist beyond the second day of jaundice (even in patients with protracted illness), and was not detected in anicteric patients. Feces and serum obtained during the late incubation period, but not urine, were infectious in chimpanzees. Antibody to hepatitis A virus developed during convalescence, and serum anticomplementary activity was noted during acute illness. Failure of T-lymphocytes to bind sheep erythrocytes and form rosettes was observed, was found to be modulated in several cases by an intrinsic lymphocyte defect and in others by the presence in serum of an extrinsic immunoregulatory serum lipoprotein, "rosette inhibitory factor," which persisted in patients with slow resolution.
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PMID:Foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A: clinical and laboratory features of acute and protracted illness. 51 65

The author reviewed the complications of 700 heart catheterizations in infants and children performed between 1970 and 1978 with a frequency of 55 to 113 investigations per year. Arrhythmias occurred on 70 occasions (10%), death within 24 hours: 14 (2%), extravasation of contrast media: 11 (1,6%), perforation by catheter: 6 (0,9%), cyanotic spells 5 (0,7%), myocardial ischemia: 4 (0,6%), respiratory arrest: 4 (0,6%), convulsions: 2 (0,3%), wound infection: 2 (0,3%), icterus 2 (0.3%), lung atelactasis: 1 (0,15%), bacterial endocarditis: 1 (0,15%), pyrexia: 1 (0,15%), exanthema: 1 (0,15%), pulmonary edema: 1 (0,15%), meningitis purulenta and hepatitis as possible complications: 1 (0,15%) each. The mortality figue of 2% lies well within the range of rates reported by Ho and ass. (1972): 1,5%, Stanger and ass. (1974): 3,0%, Rowe (1978): 0,95%, and Graham (1978): 2,9%. Mortality mainly occurs in sick neonates and infants with complex cardiac malformations. It could be lowered by a more aggressive approach to diagnostic work-up of suspected cardiac disease, as well as by using more sophisticated catheterization techniques and material and by introducing intensive care principles on the infant ward. Catheter related mortality (e. g. by perforation, severe arrhythmia) could be reduced to zero during the last three years. Myocardial staining by contrast media and electrocardiographic alterations suggesting myocardial ischemia occurred comparatively often but were never followed by serious or long lasting sequelae. Their occurrence was not related to the diagnosis or to the age of the patient. Respiratory arrest and convulsions could only be observed in sick infants. The seizures were not directly related to angiocardiography. All other complications were incidental events. Arrhythmias and vascular complications are discussed in separate papers.
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PMID:[The risks involved in the heart catheter examination. A retrospective evaluation of the complications after 700 examinations. II. Complications (author's transl)]. 53 Jul 26

Several workers have already employed alpha-MPG in the management of acute vital hepatitis as a sulphydrylating agent to combat viral poisoning of the liver cells. Its distinct features include the stability of its molecule, its biochemical attributes in the course of time, and its virtually similar oral and injectable LD(50) (2100 MG/KG). High doses, well above those possible with earlier sulphydrylating agents, were used in a trial of alpha-MPG against UDPG. The new drug proved more active and led to a particularly significant fall in SGPT. Subjective and biohumoral parameters returned to normal more quickly, though the differences were not significant. Tolerance was good. Subjective over-reaction with a slight rise in temperature and allergic exanthema was noted in 3 cases. This promptly regressed when the treatment was suspended.
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PMID:[Clinical and statistical study of the use of alpha-MPG in the treatment of viral hepatitis]. 68 51

During a total population survey of viral hepatitis in the London Boroughs of Hounslow, Richmond and Ealing, 784 patients were seen in three years from 1 March 1972 to 28 February 1975. A diagnosis of viral hepatitis was accepted in 489. The annual incidence was 24 per 100 000. 455 of the patients were tested for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by a radioimmunoassay technique and 93 (20%) of these were positive. The majority of the patients with type B hepatitis were in their third or fourth decades. None was under the age of 16. The male to female ratio among patients with hepatitis B was 2 to 1 in those under the age of 30 and 5 to 1 in those aged 30 and over. The seasonal distribution of viral hepatitis showed a peak in the spring, solely from an increased incidence of non-B hepatitis, and a second, smaller peak in the autumn. There was no appreciable clustering of patients except for one local outbreak in a housing estate during the first year affecting mainly children going to the same primary school, and their parents. Patients with hepatitis B had a longer pre-icteric illness (p less than 0.05), greater duration of jaundice (p less than 0.001) and higher peak levels of serum bilirubin (p less than 0.0005) and serum alanine amino transferase (A1T) (p less than 0.03) than patients with non-B hepatitis. The finding of the surface antigen was also associated with a higher frequency of skin rash (p less than 0.0005) and a greater duration of arthralgia (p less than 0.03). Among the HBsAg negative patients the incidence of arthralgia increased with age (p less than 0.0005). Abdominal pain (p less than 0.005) and vomiting (p less than 0.005) were more common in the young. The injection experience of patients with hepatitis B showed a high proportion of 'non-therapeutic' exposure such as drug addiction. Significantly more HBsAg positive men were single than in the local community (p less than 0.001) or among the HBsAg negative men (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between the proportions of single women among the antigen positive and negative patients. Many of the HBsAg positive single men were either known to be or strongly suspected of being homosexual. The ad subtype of the HBsAg was found more often in males (p less than 0.01), particularly over the age of 30. All eight drug addicts tested for subtype were ay, as were two non-addicted female consorts. The association between addiction and ay subtype was highly significant in the males (p less than 0.001). The ad subtype was found in all 11 of the admitted homosexual HBsAg positive men and in all but one of the 17 strongly suspected of being homosexual.
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PMID:A three-year survey of viral hepatitis in West London. 71 74

The first recognised outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Africa, and the first since the original epidemic in West Germany and Yugoslavia in 1967, occurred in South Africa in February 1975. The primary case was in a young Australian man , who was admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital after having toured Rhodesia. Two secondary cases occurred, one being in the first patient's travelling companion, and the other in a nurse. Features of the illness included high fever, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhoea, hepatitis, a characteristic maculopapular rash, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a bleeding tendency. The first patient died on the seventh day from haemorrhage resulting from a combination of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic failure. The other two patients were given vigorous supportive treatment and prophylactic heparin and recovered after an acute phase lasting about seven days. During this period on developed pancreatitis, the serum amylase remaining raised until the 32nd day after the onset of the illness. The other developed unilateral uveitis after having been asymptomatic for two months. This persisted for several weeks and Marburg virus was cultured from the anterior chamber of the eye.
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PMID:Outbreake of Marburg virus disease in Johannesburg. 81 15

In accordance with the system of viral species, viral disorders of the oral mucosa may be classified with regard to their intensity of affection. There are but few viral infections exclusively affecting the oral mucosa like e.g. 1. Glossitis papulosa of Michelson, representing a special form of vaccinia inoculata, 2. Gingivo-stomatitis herpetica and 3. warts of the mucosa or condyloma-like papillomas of the oral mucosa including oral papillomatosis, that, itself shows morphological and clinical similarities to laryngeal papilloma. A second group of disorders mainly affecting the oral mucosa includes the "Aphthoid of Pospischill and Feyrter", Zahorsky's herpangina and other viral infections by the Coxsackie group, like vesicular stomatitis. The 3rd group represents viral infections of other organs in which affection of the oral mucosa is a prerogative, e.g. smallpox, varicella, foot-and-mouth disease and pharyngo-conjunctival fever. A 4th group includes those viral infections of the organs in which co-affection of oral mucosa occurs frequently or once in a while (at occasions). Here, we find eczema vaccinatum, herpes zoster, herpes simplex of the oral mucosa mostly on the hard palate, eczema herpeticatum, post-herpetic Erythema exsudativum multiforme, Mononucleosis infectiosa Pfeiffer, viral flu, German measles, parotitis epidemica, rubeola and ECHO-exanthema. A 5th and last group is made up by viral infections of other organs, in which affection of the oral mucosa hardly occurs at all. This group contains paravaccinal Ecthyma contagiosum, poliomyelitis, viral infection of the city of Marburg and some Arbovirus infections. Relatively few viral disorders never co-exist with lesions on the oral mucosa like e.g. Virus-hepatitis or some viral encephalitides. Groups 1 and 2, most important of all, are presented in detail regarding clinics, diagnostics, differential-diagnosis and therapy. The disorders within the other 3 groups are discussed only regarding their importance in the field of ENT-related symptoms of the oral mucosa. A number of pictures and tables completes important clinical details and give further hints to their differential-diagnosis.
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PMID:[Virus diseases of the mouth mucosa]. 83 Jan 6

142 patients with postoperative jaundice following anaesthesia with halothane were divided into two groups:-group A (76 cases) in which halothane appeared to be the sole responsible agent for jaundice, and- group B (66 cases) in which other causes were detected. The incidence of clinical signs considered to be specific for halothane-induced hepatitis (skin rash, arthralgia, bronchospasm, fever of unexplained origin, leukocytosis) was the same in both groups. Only a high eosinophil count was more common in group A. The author found a clear-cut relationship between the frequency of exposure and the onset of hepatitis as well as a shortening of the latent period with increasing numbers of exposures.
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PMID:[Relevance of clinical signs of hypersensitivity in cases of halothane hepatitis]. 98 17

Acute, severe colitis and hepatitis developed in a 55-year-old man on two occasions in relation to administration of methyldopa. He also had fever, skin rash, and eosinophilia, suggesting drug allergy. All symptoms and signs remitted after he stopped taking the drug. It appears that this agent is capable of producing acute colitis as well as the previously recognized hepatitis.
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PMID:Colitis and hepatitis caused by methyldopa. 98 34

A 38-year old woman receiving phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) noticed maculopapular erythema as the first manifestation of a syndrome that included acute renal failure and myositis in addition to fever, lymphadenopathy, exfoliative dermatitis, and hepatitis. Prednisolone sodium phosphate therapy resulted in resolution of this hypersensitivity reaction, and she recovered from renal insufficiency. The occurrence of renal failure and myositis in the spectrum of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions is discussed, and the importance of a morbilliform rash in a patient receiving phenytoin is emphasized.
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PMID:Reversible renal failure and myositis caused by phenytoin hypersensitivity. 103 71


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