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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of specific and substitute markers of hepatitis C was compared in donor blood screening. 2615 blood donors were examined using two EIA kits for detection of HCV antibodies. The presence of nonspecific markers of non-A non-B hepatitis was also checked. 1.3% of the donors were found to carry HCV antibodies. This necessitates donor blood testing for anti-HCV antibodies using EIA. Such measure reduces three-fold the risk of the virus transmission with blood components and preparations. The preference should be given to more sensitive test systems of the second generation, whereas less sensitive, but more specific, test systems are more valuable for accurate diagnosis and treatment effects assessment in HCV infection. It would be appropriate to perform compulsory examinations for HCV infection in medical staff. This will entail efforts on development of the infection diagnostic verification criteria and preventive measures.
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PMID:[Specific and substitute markers of hepatitis C in screening donor blood]. 754 21

An ELISA using N14E plus #19-#40, a synthetic peptide of the HCV core for the purpose of improving diagnosis of the HCV infection was studied to evaluate its usefulness in comparison with the tests of C100-3 antibody, N14 antibody and HCV EIA II. N14E plus #19-#40 is made up of 34 amino acids, containing the first two hydrophilic regions of HCV core forming epitopes. By using N14E plus #19-#40 antibody, HCV-antibody was detected in 94.4% of chronic hepatitis, 80.6% of liver cirrhosis and 87.5% of hepatocellular carcinoma of non-A non-B chronic liver diseases. This assay seems to be more sensitive than the assays of C100-3 antibody and N14 as far as tested for our patients in this district. In chronic liver diseases, 5.6% (5/90) of patients negative for HCV EIA II were positive to anti-N14E plus #19-#40; one of these 5 patients was HCV RNA positive. Anti-N14E plus #19-#40 was detected in 57.5% out of 40 paid blood donors with elevated ALT higher than 50IU and negative for HBsAg, C100-3 and N14, but positive for HCV RNA. The results suggest that anti-N14E plus #19-#40 as well as HCV EIA II seems to be useful for the detection of patients with the HCV infection and that an improvement for the diagnosis of type C hepatitis and a decrease in the incidence of type C post-transfusion hepatitis can be achieved by using anti-N14E plus #19-#40.
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PMID:[Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against core protein of hepatitis C virus with a synthetic oligopeptide]. 768 27

The detection of blood-borne microbes by PCR has broadly and rapidly progressed in the past 5 years as briefly described in this article. This progress has been largely because of the scientific developments made at Roche Molecular Systems by Sninsky et al through collaborations with academic and Government institutions. This unprecedented cooperation propels the continuing work at Roche Molecular Systems to bring the PCR technology into routine laboratory diagnosis. Whether the success of EIA in virtual elimination of hepatitis and retroviral infections can be matched by the cost-effectiveness of putative application of PCR in screening blood supply remains to be determined.
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PMID:Transfusion-related transmissible diseases: detection by polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes of the microbial agents. 784 69

We present here thirteen patients (5 men and 8 women, aged 31 to 73, mean 55 years) with spastic paraparesis who showed clinical features similar to those of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy without HTLV-1 antibody, but with positive antibody to hepatitis B virus (HBV). All of these patients showed slowly progressive difficulty in walking. Five patients had previous histories of blood transfusion, of these one with history of B hepatitis. Neurologically, muscle weakness, spasticity and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities were common to all the patients. Seven patients showed Babinski's reflex. Disturbance of micturition was noted in 3 patients. None showed organic changes of the spine on magnetic resonance image (MRI). None was serologically positive for syphilis and had cryoglobulin and hypergammaglobulinemia. Elevated levels of the liver enzymes were noted in two patients. All patients were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs-Ab) (EIA) but negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) (EIA). Five patients were seropositive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) (PHA). In 3 of them, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed but failed to detect HCV-RNA. All patients underwent spinal tap, and showed normal cell count and protein concentration in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Atypical cells were not observed in all the patients. The CSFs from three patients were tested for HBs-Ag and HBs-Ab. HBs-Ag was negative in all three patients, but HBs-Ab was positive in two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hepatitis B virus antibody positive spastic paraparesis]. 795 26

A synthetic HDAg 27 peptide which was selected and designed by the authors and synthesised by Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science was used with ELISA method to detect serum anti HD in HBV infected subjects in Chongqing. Anti HD was positive in one of 300 blood donors and was negative in all of 113 cases of hepatitis A and 58 cases of hepatitis non-B. Anti HD was positive in 106 out of 882 cases with positive HBV marker (12.02%), among which anti HD was positive in 3.17% (13/410) of HBsAg carrier, 14.4% (11/76) of acute hepatitis, 7.6% (1/13) of chronic persistent hepatitis, 17.68% (22/121) of chronic active hepatitis, 19.77% (17/86) of severe hepatitis, 29.49% (23/78) of liver cancer and 19.39% (19/98) of primary hepatic cancer. These results coincided with those of previous reports. The coincidence rate was 94.9% (74/78) when compared with Abbott EIA kit. When the natural HDAg was used to compete anti HD in four anti HD positive and two anti HD negative serum specimens, anti HD was negative in all specimens. It is shown that the HDAg 27 peptide has natural HDAg activity capable of being recognized by natural anti HD and is a new diagnostic agent being more simple, save, stable and reliable.
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PMID:[Application of synthetic 27 oligopeptide of HDV antigen for detecting serum anti-HD in HBV infected subjects in Chongqing]. 795 61

Recently, the CA 19-9-MP-Mitsui kit (MP-kit) by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay using two mouse monoclonal antibodies of C192 and C241 for the determination of CA 19-9 was developed by Mitsui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. We carried out basic and clinical studies of MP-kit for the serum CA 19-9 in comparison with the Immunoclone CA 19-9 EIA kit (I-kit) which was provided by Fuji-Rebio Company. It was found that MP-kit appeared to have excellent reproducibility with high sensitivity and specificity for CA 19-9. Furthermore, the coefficient of positive correlation was as high as 0.92 in serum CA 19-9 level between MP-kit and I-kit in the determination of serum CA 19-9 in 67 cases by each of two kits. On the other hand, with two kits, it was found that employment of a cut off value more than 70 U/ml brought a highest diagnostic efficiency for pancreatic and bile duct cancers, while employment of a cut off value of 37 U/ml which was used routinely resulted in a high false positive incidence, particularly in liver cirrhosis or hepatitis. From the results, it is concluded that a pertinent cut off value of CA 19-9 in serum was about 70 U/ml and MP-kit was available for determination of CA 19-9 in serum such as the other known kits on the market for CA 19-9.
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PMID:[A basic and clinical study of CA 19-9-MP-Mitsui kit for determination of CA 19-9]. 799 14

Recombinant antigens from hepatitis E virus (HEV) open-reading frames 2 and 3 were expressed in Escherichia coli as cytidine monophosphate-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid synthetase (CKS) fusion proteins, purified, and used to develop an EIA for the detection of antibodies. Serologic results were compared with those of previous assays by testing 102 samples from an HEV outbreak in Somalia. This CKS/HEV EIA detected anti-HEV in all 97 sera found reactive previously and in an additional 2 samples, which were shown to be true HEV-positive samples by supplemental peptide and Western blot tests. The CKS/HEV EIA and supplemental assays were then used to determine seroprevalence of HEV worldwide. HEV seroprevalence ranged from 1% to 25%, with higher rates found in Middle Eastern countries. Also, 7%-14% of acute cases of non-A, -B, or -C hepatitis were HEV-positive. Thus, this CKS/HEV EIA appears useful for detecting anti-HEV in various populations.
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PMID:Determination of hepatitis E virus seroprevalence by using recombinant fusion proteins and synthetic peptides. 813 95

The pathogenesis of experimental hepatitis E has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to more accurately document the events in this disease. Cynomolgus macaques were inoculated intravenously with bile or feces containing hepatitis E virus (HEV). Serum, bile, and liver specimens were evaluated with light microscopy, immune electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, EIA, and polymerase chain reaction. In the third week, there were histopathologic changes and HEV antigen (HEVAg) in liver, HEV in bile, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations. Widespread pathologic changes were detected during the fourth week and antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) and peak ALT values in the fifth or sixth week. By the sixth week, HEVAg had disappeared but pathologic changes persisted. This study supports the concept that experimental hepatitis E has an initial phase in which hepatic HEV replication is accompanied by the onset of hepatitis and a later phase in which the appearance of anti-HEV is accompanied by progression of the hepatitis.
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PMID:Experimental hepatitis E: pathogenesis in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). 835 1

The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was designed to study the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, including the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV-1 infection. In total, 4954 homosexual men were recruited from April 1984 through March 1985 and have been followed up thereafter every 6 months. Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody were tested for at the first visit by RIA or EIA; HIV-1 antibody testing was done at each visit by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot assay. The role of HBV infection in HIV-1 seroconversion was studied by stratification for sexual behavior and disease visit by visit. The adjusted risk ratio was 2.02 for hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and 2.14 for hepatitis-immune cases compared with hepatitis B-susceptible subjects. Similar results were obtained using a logistic regression model. After taking into account changes in sexual behavior and disease over time, the authors conclude that past HBV infection remains suspect as a cofactor or as a surrogate for other factors associated with HIV-1 seroconversion.
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PMID:Relationship of hepatitis B virus infection to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. 842 Nov 64

In order to study the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in developed countries, IgG and IgM anti-HEV were determined in serum samples from 382 patients with acute viral hepatitis (244 hepatitis A, 48 hepatitis B and/or D, and 90 non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis), 76 healthy subjects, 55 hemophiliacs and 50 patients on hemodialysis. IgG anti-HEV antibodies were detected and confirmed by a synthetic peptide-based EIA in 5 (5.6%) non-A, non-B, non-C acute hepatitis, in 3 (6.5%) B and D acute hepatitis, in 10 (4%) acute A hepatitis, in 3 (5.5%) of 54 healthy adults in none of the hemophiliacs and in 3 (6%) patients on hemodialysis. IgM anti-HEV antibodies were only detected in two cases of acute hepatitis B and/or D. Analysis of serial serum samples demonstrated IgG anti-HEV seroconversion in 3 of the 18 confirmed cases; one of them was also positive for IgM anti-HEV. All 3 acute anti-HEV-positive hepatitis cases occurred in adults, were community-acquired (two of them were intravenous drug addicts) and had a self-limited course. These results demonstrate that HEV is a minor cause of acute hepatitis in Spain. A similar low rate of IgG anti-HEV antibodies was detected in patients with different diseases, suggesting that HEV has a very low epidemiological impact. An apparent association of HEV infection with hepatitis B and D suggests a possible parenteral transmission of a mainly enteral pathogen.
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PMID:Hepatitis E virus infection in acute hepatitis in Spain. 857 8


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